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Showing papers in "International Journal of Digital Evidence in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present variation in field capacity and efficiency of a turmeric rhizome planter in response to the machine speed and some selected turmeric parameters (dimension) such as length and diameter.
Abstract: This study present variation in field capacity and efficiency of a turmeric rhizome planter in response to the machine speed and some selected turmeric parameters (dimension); turmeric rhizome length and diameter. This was done with a view to ascertaining the best condition under which the planter could perform optimally. The land area covered in a specific duration by the planter depends largely on the field capacity. The turmeric rhizome planter consists of trapezoidal hopper, grooved cylindrical metering devise, ground wheels made of mild steel, chain/sprocket drive system, three linkage point and frame. The experiment was randomized in a factorial design of three levels of rhizome lengths of 30, 45 and 60 mm, diameter of 25, 30 and 35 mm and operational speeds of 8, 10, and 12 kmh-1. The result of the study shows that increase in planter operational speed resulted in an increase in field capacity and efficiency of the planter, and had a significant effect on them. The turmeric rhizome lengths and diameter were found to have insignificant effects on the field capacity and efficiency of the planter.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of green concrete and its applications, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed, and the results are varying for different structures based on different types of concrete structures.
Abstract: Green concrete is a type of concrete. It is a sustainable material used for the construction of reinforced concrete structures. Green concrete is different compared to normal concrete. Nowadays, it plays a very good role in the construction of structures. It is subjected to very low energy consumption and low resource consumption. Green concrete is a very good material for sustainable development. Concrete is made from the replacement of substituent ingredients such as cement and aggregates. In this waste materials such as agricultural or industrial wastes are placed during manufacture to produce a new concrete. Green concrete is popular worldwide due to its extraordinary properties and applications. This paper mainly deals with the importance of green concrete and its applications, advantages, and disadvantages. The results are varying for based on different structures. So, we can get all characteristics and properties of concrete structures and know their strength.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The availability of insulin in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo was high while diabetic patients have low financial affordability, and a good governance health policy and multisectoral actions would be necessary.
Abstract: Background: Insulin is classified as an "essential drug". It should be available in all pharmacies at an affordable price. This remains a major problem in low income countries like ours. Aim: Our study aims to describe the insulin availability and affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Methods: It was a cross sectional study over a period of 3 months at all pharmacies existing in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo. Insulin availability was assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Affordability was assessed from the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the Malagasy monthly health expenditure, and the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage in Madagascar. Result: We had retained 79 pharmacies. Insulin availability in private pharmacies was higher than in public hospital pharmacies. Human insulin had a high availability rate: short-acting (70.89%) and mixed (78.08%). Availability of analogue insulin was low: fast-acting (7.59%) and long-acting (34.18%). To buy insulin, a patient was spending monthly 18.75 to 236.24% of the equivalent of guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage. All pharmacies had refrigerators to store insulin. Conclusion: The availability of insulin in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo was high while diabetic patients have low financial affordability. A good governance health policy and multisectoral actions would be necessary.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Hiroshi Mori1
TL;DR: Consuming sufficient animal-sourced products with very little vegetables/fruit, children, particularly in South Korea have been increasing in BMI in the past two decades, with a sign of declining height.
Abstract: Japan and South Korea achieved marvelous economic progress after WWII. Food consumption increased in quantity and quality, with animal-sourced products conspicuously augmented. Children grew in height unprecedentedly. Japanese children, however, ceased to grow taller in the 1990s, while supply of animal protein was still increasing. Korean children kept growing taller to overtake their Japanese peers by 3 cm in the mid-2000s, but they also stopped to grow any taller afterwards, while animal products kept increasing vigorously toward the end of the 2010s. Children in Japan started to turn away from fruit in the mid-1970s, to eat in the 2000s less than 10% of fruit by the older generations. Children in Korea started to steer away from vegetables in the early 1990s, to eat less than 10% of vegetables eaten by the older generations in their 50s-60s in the mid-2010s. Consuming sufficient animal-sourced products with very little vegetables/fruit, children, particularly in South Korea have been increasing in BMI in the past two decades, with a sign of declining height.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Any atypical hypertension following the use of a hormonal contraceptive must encourage the search for a secondary cause such as PH, a rare tumor developed at the expense of the adrenal medulla and secreting catecholamines.
Abstract: Background: Pheochromocytoma (PH) is a rare tumor developed at the expense of the adrenal medulla and secreting catecholamines. It is also a rare cause of curable hypertension in adults. Case information: We reported a case of PH in a 39-year-old Malagasy woman, with no particular history. The clinic was dominated by the onset of paroxysmal hypertension associated with headache, palpitations, and sweating. Its clinical manifestations were revealed by the insertion of an etonogestrel contraceptive implant. Despite the removal of the contraceptive implant and the taking of an antihypertensive drug based on a calcium channel blocker, the hypertension persisted with a paroxysmal character and always associated with the Menard triad. Results: The diagnosis was made against the elevation of urinary metanephrines and normetanephrines and the presence of a heterogeneous left adrenal mass on computed tomography. Surgical resection of the tumor made it possible to perform an immunohistochemical examination confirming the diagnosis. Without surgical complications, the patient's blood pressure as well as urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine, normalized without taking any antihypertensive drug. Conclusion: Hormonal contraception could be wrongly blamed the cause of hypertension. Then she would just be a triggering factor. Thus, any atypical hypertension following the use of a hormonal contraceptive must encourage the search for a secondary cause such as PH.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proiotics improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut permeability and lipid profile in T2DM participants and there was no evidence of improvements to T1DM due to lack of studies and insufficient studies on pre-diabetes.
Abstract: Introduction: Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are thought to affect the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus including gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier permeability and modulator of gut-brain axis and oxidative stress. This systematic review examined if their interventions resulted in improved clinical outcomes and were safe to administer. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in August 2020 of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PUBMED databases as well as using Google Scholar using keyword searches combined in a formal search strategy. The studies extracted were then filtered through an inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for risk of bias. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, with 20 studies involving participants with type 2 diabetes, 1 study a mixed cohort of type 1 and 2, and 3 involving prediabetes participants. Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to the heterogeneity in populations, methods and presented results. One trial was limited due to unclear risk of bias and was excluded. Four key themes were identified across the studies: improvements to glycaemic control; improvements in oxidative stress, inflammation and gut permeability; lipid profile, anthropometric parameters and blood pressure; and adverse events and tolerability. Conclusions: Probiotics improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut permeability and lipid profile in T2DM participants. There was no evidence of improvements to T1DM due to lack of studies and insufficient studies on pre-diabetes. Synbiotics are also promising but prebiotics have insufficient evidence.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is important to recognize the disorder as it can directly impact on the morbidity and mortality related to other associated primary disorder like respiratory illness, and Clinician must be aware about the possibility of thyroiditis in patient developing fever and neck pain.
Abstract: Background: Subacute Thyroiditis is a self-limiting thyroidal illness caused by viral infection with clinical course divided into three phases: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism followed by euthyroidism. Several viral infections have been linked to be associated with subacute thyroiditis but often no etiology can be found. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore a possible link between subacute thyroiditis and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Method: Here we describe a case of subacute thyroiditis which occurred during the recovery phase of initial flu like illness. The initial illness was mild and was treated symptomatically. Later, the patient presented with features of hyperthyroidism and neck pain during recovery of initial flu like illness. Result: Two weeks after the onset of initial illness, the patient presented with neck pain, palpitation, sweating, and weight loss along with mid-line tenderness in neck. Thyroid function test revealed suppressed TSH and elevated free T4 along with reduced uptake on radionuclide thyroid scan. He was treated with NSAIDs and B-blocker which resulted in dramatic improvement in neck pain. Conclusion: Since Subacute thyroiditis is a self limiting disorder, it is often under reported. But It is important to recognize the disorder as it can directly impact on the morbidity and mortality related to other associated primary disorder like respiratory illness. Clinician must be aware about the possibility of thyroiditis in patient developing fever and neck pain and look for it.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vitamin D level was lower and frequency of vitamin D deficiency was higher in patients with DM, and only HbA1c and DM had predictive association with vitamin D deficiencies.
Abstract: Background and aims: Although vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is inversely associated with glucose intolerance, very limited data are available in Bangladesh Thus, the study aimed to determine vitamin D status of Bangladeshi adults based on the glucose intolerance status Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 70 newly detected DM, age-group & sex-matched 76 newly detected pre-diabetes and 74 healthy control with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) based on American Diabetes Association, 2018 criteria Participants were included consecutively from the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) over a period of 1 year by convenient sampling to see serum 25(OH)D which was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method Results: Vitamin D levels decreased with increasing degrees of glucose intolerance [NGT: 1682±657; prediabetes: 1554±858; T2DM: 1101±603 ng/ml, p<0001] but significantly lower in T2DM than other two groups [T2DM vs prediabetes, p=0001; T2DM vs control, p<0001; prediabetes vs control, p=NS] The highest frequency of vitamin D deficiency was among individuals with T2DM (643%) followed by NGT (297%) and prediabetes (289%) [p<0001] Only HbA1c had predictive association with vitamin D deficiency [OR (95%CI)=2061 (1178, 3608), p=0011] Only DM but not pre-diabetes had predictive association with vitamin D deficiency compared with NGT [DM: OR (95%CI)=4255 (2117, 8552), p<0001; prediabetes: OR (95%CI)=0963 (0477, 1946), p=0916] Conclusion: Vitamin D level was lower and frequency of vitamin D deficiency was higher in patients with DM Only HbA1c and DM had predictive association with vitamin D deficiency

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using sanitary napkin was found to be associated with age, parent's income whereas it was not associated with mother's educational level, and awareness regarding the need for information about good menstrual practices is very important and should be given to enhance the good level of knowledge and practices.
Abstract: Introduction: Menstruation is the normal and regular process for every woman. It can affect both physical and mental status of the women. The main thing of menstrual period is personal hygiene maintenance. Improper management of personal hygiene maintains can causes infectious disease and causes severe gynecological problems. In Bangladesh, most of the adolescent girls cannot ask any question about their physiological changes to their mother or relative because of their shyness and social stigma. Good hygiene management during menstruation can increase personal confidence, while inadequate management can lead to mentally depression and also hamper in their daily activities. This study was aimed to assess the practice on personal hygiene maintenance during menstruation period among school girls in selected schools of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive type of study was carried out in three randomly selected schools in Dhaka city of Bangladesh with 384 systematic randomly selected adolescent girls. The data were collected from the respondents using semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview, after taking verbal consent form the participants and written consent from their parents and school authority. Data entry and analysis were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20 for the analysis. The anonymity and confidentiality of the respondents were maintained strictly and study participants were informed that they can be able to leave the study at any stage of data collection. Findings: The finding reported that nearly 80% (79%) of the respondent use sanitary napkin and among the non-users, 95.2 percent (77) use piece of cloths. The majority (66%) of the respondents change napkin/other materials after 4 hours and 90% take genital care regularly. Almost all (99.5%) the respondents take bath regularly and 99.5 percent wash their hand with soap and water. About 98 percent used to wear clean dresses and 94.5 percent normally take healthy food. Using sanitary napkin was found to be associated with age, parent’s income whereas it was not associated with mother’s educational level. Conclusion: Awareness regarding the need for information about good menstrual practices is very important and should be given to enhance the good level of knowledge and practices. Mass media should also emphasize on health information about menstrual hygiene. Therefore, policy makers and stakeholders should take necessary initiatives to setup health education program to create awareness and practice of good menstrual hygiene among the adolescents. Keywords: Menstrual Hygiene; School Girls; Practice; Dhaka

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The African lady was so complicated that after she recovered the authors wrote up her case in one of the medical journals to inform others of the problems they faced and the treatments they gave which resulted in her recovery, and Hyperosmolar coma is the name of the condition and thankfully rare.
Abstract: Most people will know the word diabetes. Few people will not know it has something to do with sugar. Diabetes mellitus is the complete name for the condition, mellitus meaning sweet or honey taste found in the urine. Not to be confused with Diabetes insipidus, a condition of the pituitary gland, the kidney or the Psyche where water cannot be retained by the body and very severe thirst and huge polyuria (passing a huge amount of urine occurs). The condition Diabetes mellitus was known in Egyptian times and in recent times has become so much more prevalent. Alas most people will have a relation with the condition and will be aware that complications can occur such as blindness. Even today with all our new medications and all our new knowledge, still diabetes shortens life span by 10 or so years but this figure is rapidly getting less due to earlier diagnosis and better treatment for high blood sugar, cholesterol and high blood pressure. To go back more than 100 years obese patients who developed diabetes could cure the symptoms which include thirst, passing a lot of urine, tiredness and genital itch by weight reduction and exercise. The reason for this improvement is now known in much more detail than it was then. The hormone insulin which is secreted by the islet cells in the pancreas lowers blood sugar. A deficiency of insulin leads to a rising blood sugar and the high blood sugars are the cause of the thirst. The high blood sugar is no longer able to be contained by the kidney and is secreted in the urine. The high concentration of sugar in the urine pulls out sugar by osmosis, drags with it, water, so the higher the glucose in the blood and urine the more water is pulled through the kidneys which are filters. The increased amount of water thus lost, results in frequency of passing water which is now full of glucose. The loss of water is recognised by the thirst mechanism which gets switched on and being very thirsty the patient with diabetes starts to drink and drink to make up for the loss of water in the urine. Sometimes the patient who might have been keen on lemonade or other sweet drinks just drinks more and more not realising that the drinks are heavily laden with sugar. This results in increasing the blood sugar even higher and even more thirst until the whole system collapses. The patient becomes unconscious very dehydrated and will die unless given intravenous fluids and then insulin. One such lady was a patient of mine. The African lady was so complicated that after she recovered we wrote up her case in one of the medical journals to inform others of the problems we faced and the treatments we gave which resulted in her recovery. Hyperosmolar coma is the name of the condition and thankfully rare. I can of course remember other patients who we were not successful in saving but they are too painful to relate.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of effect of PDBT capsules containing extracts of well-known Ayurvedic plants on prediabetic condition induced in Wistar rats show that P DBT capsules can be a potential agent for the treatment of prediabetes.
Abstract: In Prediabetes blood sugar levels are found to be higher than normal levels It is considered as pre stage of diabetes as people with prediabetes, if remain undiagnosed, have chances of developing type 2 diabetes Studies show that if diabetes is treated in the prediabetic stage, it results in complete cure of diabetes The objective of the present study was to investigate effect of PDBT capsules containing extracts of well-known Ayurvedic plants such as Zingiber officinale, Tinospora cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvester, and Momordica charantia on prediabetic condition induced in Wistar rats High fat fructose diet was fed to male Wistar rats to induce prediabetes After induction on 11th week of study, the prediabetic rats were divided in different groups Treatment groups received Pioglitazone (3 mg/kg) (standard control), test formulation, PDBT capsule (200mg/kg) (test group) along with high fat fructose diet Normal diet control group received normal diet and high fat fructose diet control group received only high fat fructose diet The different biochemical parameters, blood glucose levels and body weights were monitored Animals were sacrificed at the end of study period Histopathological studies on the major organs such as liver, kidney, pancreas was performed High fat fructose diet induced of prediabetes in rats Significant decrease in levels of fasting blood glucose and biochemical parameters in treatment groups was observed The histopathological study showed no abnormalities The present research show that PDBT capsules can be efficiently used in prediabetes treatment Hence, PDBT capsule can be a potential agent for the treatment of prediabetes

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 13 years-old male brought to hospital with chief complaints of fracture upper and lower limbs with the presence of yellowish-brown-colored brittle teeth characteristic of dentinogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed.
Abstract: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disorder characterized by increased tendency for bone fractures due to high fragility The clinical and radiological features of OI manifest in different age groups, although the disease is congenital in nature Clinical manifestation of OI included laxity of the ligaments, blue sclera, growth retardation, and scoliosis The most important oral finding in OI is the presence of yellowish-brown-colored brittle teeth characteristic of dentinogenesis imperfecta A 13 years-old male brought to hospital with chief complaints of fracture upper and lower limbs The fractures due to minor trauma when he felled from standing position He also complained about dentition Teething is said to be disturbed, imperfect and brown colour Radiology examination showed complete fracture et regio left femur Bone Marrow Density examination showed low bone mass Laboratory examination showed hypocalcemia, vitamin D insufficiency and normal parathyroid hormone On the 5th days of hospitalization patient got surgery from orthopedic specialist for primary treatment of the fracture The others treatment were given included zolendronat acid, calcitriol and calcium carbonate medication until patient discharged from hospital Osteogenesis imperfecta could be treated and had well prognostic with the early diagnosed and proper treatment Management of osteogenesis imperfecta involve multidisciplinary such as pediatric endocrinologists, orthopedics, medical rehabilitation, child development and nutrition

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hypertension and smoking were the most important CV risk factors in T2D patients valued by the surveyed physicians, followed by levels of LDL-c and albuminuria.
Abstract: Background: Since cardiovascular (CV) disease is one of the principal causes of mortality among Peruvian population, especially in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), patient´s CV risk factors evaluation should be done as homogenously as possible. The aim of this study was to determinate what was the perception of different specialists in Peru, of CV risk factors in patients with and without T2D. Methods: An on-line questionnaire on a convenient sample of physicians, from different medical specialties, was answered. The questionnaire assessed the physicians’ perception of fourteen CV risk factors in patients with and without T2D, according to three ratings: very important, moderately important, and slightly important. We assessed the differences between medical specialties through graphs and chi-square tests, and also identified the risk factors considered as “very important” with the highest (≥90%) consensus amongst each specialty. Results: A total of 156 physicians responded to the questionnaire, composed by endocrinologists (30%), cardiologists (26%), internists (18%), nephrologists (13%) and general practitioners (13%). In patients with T2D the importance of BMI ≥30, high LDL cholesterol level, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and hyperuricemia were statistically different across medical specialties. Likewise In patients without T2D; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, hyperuricemia, pre diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. With the exception of general practitioners, consensus on at least one risk factor was attained in all specialties, albeit these risk factors were heterogeneous amongst them. The only risk factor that reached consensus across all specialties was high blood pressure. Conclusion: Hypertension and smoking were the most important CV risk factors in T2D patients valued by the surveyed physicians, followed by levels of LDL-c and albuminuria. Cardiologists as well as endocrinologists, gave the same assessment to CV risk factors. For people without T2D, smoking was recognized as the most important CV risk factor, followed by hypertension and albuminuria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, some mechanical and process parameters of a developed millet thresher have been optimized using a numerical optimization technique using a central composite rotatable design was used in the experiment (CCRD), and the results of the experiments revealed that the speed of threshing and the number of beater pegs had significant positive effects on Threshing efficiency whereas the millet panicle had significant negative effects.
Abstract: Some mechanical and process parameters of a developed millet thresher have been optimized using a numerical optimization technique. The machine threshes millet panicles and cleans the grains from the straw. The speed of threshing and the number of pegs attached to the threshing drum were mechanical parameters investigated, while the moisture content was the process parameter under investigation. Threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and percentage losses were used as performance characteristics while investigating these parameters. A central composite rotatable design was used in the experiment (CCRD). The results of the experiments revealed that the speed of threshing and the number of beater pegs had significant positive effects on threshing efficiency, whereas the millet panicle had significant negative effects. The speed of threshing and the number of beater pegs had considerable positive effects on threshing efficiency, whereas the millet panicle had large negative effects, according to the results of the studies. Also, a combination of a speed of 1590 rpm, 28 beater pegs, and a millet panicle moisture of 15% resulted in the maximum cleaning efficiency of 98.31%. The cleaning speed had a positive substantial effect on the cleaning efficiency, although the beater pegs and moisture content had small effects. The optimum speed of 1730 rpm, number of pegs of 35, and millet moisture content of 13.5 percent for threshing efficiency of 91.41 percent, cleaning efficiency of 97.87, and desirability of 0.997 were achieved using numerical optimization. The study's findings include standard input machines and processing variables that produce the best machine output.