Showing papers in "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 2005"

TL;DR: The Global energy system transition from fossil fuel to hydrogen utilization is described in this paper, and the benefits of the combustion of hydrogen are reported. And the atomic hydrogen/carbon ratio and chemical properties of hydrogen is described.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the flow-field layouts developed by different companies and research groups and the pros and cons associated with these designs is presented in this article, where the authors also present a comprehensive analysis of the performance and economic advantages of these layouts.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed various types of materials, in use and proposed, for bipolar plates and critically examined their physical and chemical properties, including non-porous graphite, coated metallic sheets, polymer composites, etc.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore novel approaches to solving energy and environmental problems associated with the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels, and propose a scenario of fossil-based "hydrogen-carbon" infrastructure, where the hydrogen component of natural gas is used as a clean energy carrier (e.g., in transportation) and the carbon component is used in several application areas: structural materials, power generation, soil amendment and environmental remediation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated performances, costs and prospects of using commercially ready technology to convert coal to H2 and electricity, with CO2 capture and storage, in co-production plants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the food processing industry produces highly concentrated, carbohydrate-rich wastewaters, but their potential for biological hydrogen production has not been extensively studied, and there is no evidence that hydrogen production is correlated with chemical oxygen demand removal.

TL;DR: A Clostridium butyricum strain, isolated from hydrogen-producing sewage sludge, was examined for its ability to produce H 2 from sucrose-based medium under different medium composition, pH, and carbon substrate concentration, suggesting that substrate inhibition may occur.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main challenges in the development of materials for solar-hydrogen are discussed and discussed in detail, such as defect disorder, electronic structure and related semiconducting properties, on the impact of interfaces on photo-electrochemical properties.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the efficient use of primary energy sources, which can be used for hydrogen production, by a consideration of four key measures, which reflect the ability of different sources and processing routes to meet underlying needs and the practical demands of energy on a large scale.

TL;DR: In this paper, fuel cell models are described in the light of the open literature, and the state of the art of fuel cell modeling and experimental studies are also presented in tables.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated performances, costs and prospects of using commercially ready technology to convert coal to H2 and electricity, with CO2 capture and storage, and showed that the costs for ∼ 91% decarbonized energy (via quench gasification at 70 bar) are about 6.2 ¢ / kWh for electricity and about $ 1.0/kg (8.5 $/GJ, LHV) for hydrogen; these are, respectively, 35% and 19% higher than the corresponding energy costs with CO 2 venting.

TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic activities of three nano-sized nickel catalysts Ni / Y 2 O 3, Ni / La O 3 and Ni / Al O 3 have been investigated for the reactions of steam reforming of ethanol at low temperature.

TL;DR: Anaerobic sewage sludge acclimated with sucrose in a completely stirred tank reactor operating at 35 C was used as a seed in a batch experiment to exploit nutrient formulation for biological hydrogen production by anaerobic micro'ora (dominated by Clostridium pasteurianum) as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the influence of the operation temperature (mesophilic vs. thermophilic regime) of semicontinuous, acidogenic solid substrate anaerobic digestion (A-SSAD) of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) at lab scale.

TL;DR: In this article, a single-step sol-gel photocatalyst was experimentally found to enhance the photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen rather than the impregnated one, in comparison with one prepared by conventional incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method.

TL;DR: In this paper, 304 stainless steel was coated electrochemically with the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY), which showed improved corrosion resistance with acceptable contact resistance.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple batch start-up procedure at pH 5.2 and 32°C, using anaerobically digested sewage sludge, and continuous hydrogen production from refined sucrose, pulped sugarbeet and a water extract of sugar beet was investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental results showed that PtSn/C presents higher electrocatalytic activity than PtRu/C, probably due to its poor electronic conductivity and part coverage of platinum active sites resulting from SnO 2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of both geometric and electronic factors on the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of carbon supported Pt and Pt-Co alloy catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Xray absorption spectroscopies in conjunction with electrochemical measurements in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, an upper bound and a best estimate of the efficiency of a thermochemical iodine sulphur water splitting cycle coupled with a high temperature Reactor operating between 760 K and 1144 K are proposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of suspended photocatalysts was studied for hydrogen production. But the results showed that the photocatalyst activity depends significantly on catalyst type and its modification such as loading with various transition metal oxides.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used activated carbons with different textural properties and surface chemistry to study the influence of these properties on the efficiency of methane decomposition, and found that the initial reaction rate of decomposition is related to the surface chemistry of the catalyst, in particular to the concentration of oxygenated groups.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Ni/ α -Al2O3 supported with ZrO2 leads to a higher stability, due to the strong inhibition of the carbon formation during the reaction.

TL;DR: In this article, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Erofe'ev equation was applied to evaluate the reactions for hydrogen enrichment in the presence of syngas constituents and the reaction kinetic parameters were estimated based on the thermogravimetric data.

TL;DR: A generic optimization-based model for the strategic long-range investment planning and design of future hydrogen supply chains is presented, which supports BP's strategic hydrogen infrastructure planning using high-level optimization programming, and is coined bpIC-H2.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the up and coming hydrogen energy economy, which is the subject of this paper, and mark the milestones along the road to the hydrogen energy future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a commercial Ni-based catalyst to study the characteristics of the carbon produced and the catalyst deactivation mechanism in a fixed bed reactor at different operating conditions, and they showed that the deposited carbon appeared either as large filaments a few nanometres in diameter emerging from Ni particles or as uniform coatings.

TL;DR: Analyses of DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) profiles of 16S rDNA fragments and FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) images show that both phototrophic hydrogenproducing sludges comprised only one predominant species resembling Rhodobacter capsulatus with over 80% relative abundance.

TL;DR: In this paper, a carbon aerogel supported Pt catalysts with different pore size distributions and Pt content have been synthesized and tested in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the determinants of knowledge and acceptability of hydrogen vehicles among London residents were investigated via a socio-economic survey of over four hundred residents, and the results suggest that there is an opportunity to raise awareness of hydrogen technologies among the remaining three-fifths of the London population, although this is likely to require a differential approach to information provision.