Showing papers in "International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology in 1970"

(c) Review Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer: "Punishment and Social Structure". Foreword by Thorsten Sellin. International Institute of Social Kesearch. (I939, I967). Re-issued, I968, by Russell & Russell, New York, XIV, 268 pages

Abstract: C++ is a very complex language. This is no doubt part of its appeal. If you need (or merely want) some language feature, C++ probably has it in one form or another. This paper reviews some aspects of C++. I have concentrated on those aspects that will likely be used in this course (Engi 4892– Data Structures) and that are likely to need reinforcement. In particular I have tried to warn against the kinds of misapprehensions I have seen in the past. For the most part, I have skipped over the statement syntax and most forms of expressions. These are fairly straightforward and most books on C++ cover these aspects quite well. To really get to know the language, read a good book or two. Bjarne Stroustrup’s The C++ Programming Language, third edition is probably the best reference,1 while Scott Meyer’s Effective C++ and More Effective C++ focus on specific techniques and common areas of confusion. And write lots of programs.

The Homeless Offender: An English Study of 200 Cases:

Abstract: The After Care Department of our prisons are spending much time and money in trying to help offenders who were homeless before their arrest, and will have no place to live after their discharge. In our society, where it is normal to live as a member of a family in a house, the lack of a fixed abode seems an unnatural phenomenon. There have always been &dquo;vagrants&dquo; forming a deviant subgroup; what has altered is that society is beginning to take a more humane interest in their welfare. What made me undertake this study was the hope that better understanding of the problem may help prevention.

English Juvenile Courts Recent Changes in Legislation

Abstract: come into force on October 1, 1970. The Act derives from two Government &dquo;White Papers&dquo; (proposals for discussion and statement of intention), The Child, the Family and the Young Offender, 1965, and Children in Trouble, 1968. Some of the recommendations of the Report of the Committee on Children and Young Persons (presented to Parliament in October, 1960) are also incorporated. The first White Paper which proposed the setting up of Family Councils to take the place of juvenile courts, except for the hearing of contested cases, created such a storm of

Socio-Legal Consequences of Psychiatric Diagnoses in U.S.A and Britain

Abstract: IN the bedlams of old, lunatics were whipped and chained. Even in the &dquo;enlightened&dquo; 19the century the lot of the inmates of &dquo;lunatic asylums&dquo; was certainly not better than that of condemned criminals. True, the latter emerged from prison as &dquo;Lombrosian animals&dquo;,&dquo; but at least they emerged. For the lunatics the mental institution was the end of the road with no return. Even as grosser cruelty receded deterioration still was inevitable to a degree that it was regarded as part of the illness. Indeed, before Bleuler2 renamed it &dquo;schizophrenia&dquo;, this psychosis used to be called &dquo;dementia praecox&dquo;, because it was believed to start early in life (praecox) and to lead to &dquo;dementia&dquo;-total degeneration. Today we know that the latter was more frequently due to institutionalization than to

The Latent Social Functions of Psychiatric Diagnoses

Abstract: IN every period of history and in every society, educators, priests, healers and all whose concern was with people have traditionally acted as carriers and indirect enforcers of culturally defined values or of socially defined norms and rules, and in so doing have carried out functions of social control. The same holds good for today’s &dquo;helping professions&dquo;*, yet it is very difficult for their members to realize this. Though some concern about these matters has been voiced from time

The Volunteer Probation Officers of Japan

Abstract: REHABILITATION efforts were in the 19the century mostly undertaken by volunteers. Then for So years their importance receded, but nowadays there is renewed interest in them: some Zoo U.S.A. probation departments are supplementing the services of their professional staff by volunteers. While these lack the specialist skills of the trained personnel, they have various assets. (a) It is economic to employ them. (b) Being less identified with the &dquo;establishment&dquo;, they may gain the confidence of the probationer more easily. (c) Since they merely take a few cases, they can devote more time to them. However, services by volunteers work well only if the workers are adequately selected, trained and supervized., Japan has a long tradition of employing volunteers. It is reported that already in 1970, selected offenders from a penal settlement on Ishakawa Island-those who had undergone what was then considered minor penalties such as flogging or branding-were released after a certain time, to the care and supervision of a member of the community who gave him a job, lent him &dquo;seed money&dquo; and helped him in other ways.2 The Japanese centuries-old tradition of personal loyalty and of non-legal norms has survived into the present. Professor Tokoro found that in the fishing village of Eshi delinquencies

The Socio-Psychological Impact of IQ Tests

Abstract: FOR nearly two generations a near-mystical aura surrounded FI. tests. Their results were supposed to be completely reliable since unlike academic examinations they were assumed not to be affected by incidental factors, but to reveal, almost like an X-ray of the mind, innermost attitudes and &dquo;basic&dquo; intelligence. The latter was believed to remain constant throughout life, little influenced by training or maturation. The claim that I.Q. tests could reliably foretell the future had tremendous implications. For fifty years in the U.S.A. such

The Violence of the Privileged in the U.S.A

Abstract: AS behavioral scientists look to the violence of the I 970’s most of them agree that that of the 6o’s will have been mild by comparison. Of particular interest are those youths who regard violence not as something destructive but as a reasonable and positive response to life. Many of them are the sons of highly successful professionals and executives who make important contributions to the cause of progress, enlightenment and liberalism, and they themselves often show unusual intellectual and social promise. They have been reared with understanding and intelligence and an emphasis on democratic controls. Their parents had reason to expect

The Price Minority Groups Pay for Rapid Acculturation in the U.S.A

Abstract: generation male has inherited his father’s vigor and brings the family business to its highest plateau of power and influence but aware of the sophistications that exist in commerce and in society is determined to imbue his son with the finesse he himself only acquired late with effort. His son attends the best schools, meets the best people, learns all about art but does not learn the business. The male of the third generation grows up over-protected, self-indulgent, effete. He is unable to run the firm with drive and applied intelligence and as a result what had seemed indestructible, fails. The family is once more reduced to shirt sleeves.