Showing papers in "International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology in 1972"
TL;DR: This research presents a meta-analyses of 124 cases of sexual assault and sexual assault-related injuries in the United States over a 12-year period in the context of a juvenile offender.
Abstract: No abstract available. Offender Treatment Sexual Assault Offender Sexual Assault Treatment Offender Assessment Juvenile Offender Juvenile Treatment Juvenile Violence Psychotherapy Dangerousness Violence Against Women 11-99
19 citations
TL;DR: A survey of all patients in treatment in New York City in late 1971 indicated that 55 per cent were in methadone programs'; 68 per cent of patients being treated in 33 programs in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania at about the same time as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: METHADONE maintenance is currently the most prevalent method of treatment for narcotic addiction in the United States. A survey of all patients in treatment in New York City in late 1971 indicated that 55 per cent were in methadone programs’; 68 per cent of all patients being treated in 33 programs in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania at about the same time were in methadone programs.2 At the close of the year it was estimated that 35,000 patients throughout the country were being chronically maintained.3 3
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the milder types of sex offenses, such as voyeurism, exhibitionism and fetishism prevail, since the more serious ones involving violence and rape are usually heard by the Superior Court.
Abstract: IN the court clinics ’ attached to district courts, the milder types of sex offenses, such as voyeurism, exhibitionism and fetishism prevail, since the more serious ones involving violence and rape are usually heard by the Superior Court. I have worked in three different district court clinics for a number of years and my clinical experience is based mainly on the former type of case. However, even in cases that to an objective outsider seem &dquo;less serious&dquo; and where no violence has occurred, no physical harm and probably only a minimum of psychic damage was caused, almost invariably someone in the offender’s and/or victim’s environment had reacted emotionally out of all proportions. Such excessive reactions are due to unconscious factors the dynamics of which I have tried to outline in a previous paper dealing with older offender. 2
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Working Party was set up to assess the adequacy of existing accommodation for men and women discharged from prison, and to consider desirable changes during the next ten years, and a questionnaire was sent to every Principal Probation Officer in the Region, asking for specific details of each hostel and shelter in the area served by his Committee.
Abstract: The Working Party was set up to assess the adequacy of existing accommodation for men and women discharged from prison, and to consider desirable changes during the next ten years. A questionnaire was sent to every Principal Probation Officer in the Region, asking for specific details of each hostel and shelter in the area served by his Committee. The next step was to investigate a representative sample of offenders at the time of sentencing, in order to estimate the frequency of homelessness and to study the special characteristics of those offenders who on discharge were likely to need hostel accommodation. For this probation officers completed a questionnaire during their interview with offenders. In order to reduce biases resulting from the seasonal variation, four separate samples were taken: A questionnaire
3 citations
TL;DR: It has been stipulated for many years that psychotherapy can only be effective, if the patient attends voluntarily and is co-operative as discussed by the authors. But what is &dquo;voluntary?
Abstract: pSYCHIATRIC clinics attached to courts of law are an important innovation, since they help to bring psychiatry and jurisprudence, the two professions most concerned with human aberrations closer together. Harmonious co-operation between them is possible, provided certain current assumptions are re-examined and modified. It has been stipulated for many years that psychotherapy can only be effective, if the patient attends voluntarily and is co-operative. But what is &dquo;voluntary?&dquo; As one reviews some records of &dquo;voluntary&dquo; patients, it is amazing how much pressure their families, friends or general physicians used to induce them to &dquo;seek help.&dquo; It is only one step further to order psychotic patients and offenders to undergo
3 citations
2 citations
TL;DR: A 23-year-old patient was referred to the APTO Clinic by the Probation Service, having been charged with &dquo;sexual exposure; and his motivation was good from the start.
Abstract: A 23-YEAR-OLD patient was referred to the APTO Clinic by the Probation Service, having been charged with &dquo;sexual exposure&dquo;. R. was single, white, a college drop-out, and a veteran of the Korean conflict. Although the judge made therapy a condition of probation, R’s motivation was good from the start. Psychological testing confirmed my clinical impression that he suftered from deep-lying disturbances of ego-development (I had found this in other exhibitionists sent to us too). His very poor self-image went far beyond the range of normal adolescent self-doubts. He described himself as introverted, shy and uncared for as a child. At the time of his referral he was floundering vocationally. I started reality oriented psychotherapy to develop in him feelings of accomplishment and self-worth. Family status depended largely on his work success. He needed to achieve a sense of competence to improve his self-image, which had been further damaged by his exhibitionism. R., the youngest of four, was considerably younger than his two oldest brothers. During his childhood years his father was involved in a series of businesses which succeeded and failed, until in his last years he barely made enough to sustain his family very modestly. His mother spent most of her time helping her husband in the business and had little time for R. and his problems. His father showed no
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a somewhat oversimplified telescoped version of the typical personality patterns of exhibitionists, including submissive and submissive employees, who were afraid of responsible positions, reluctant to accept promotion, and eager to please their boss.
Abstract: as to which offenders may be safely allowed to remain within the community under probation-supervision, and also offer treatment to selected cases. Our clinics have developed methods of handling such offender patients by individual psychotherapy, co-operating with the probation officer and offering casework treatment to the family. Exhibitionists represent a considerable proportion of the clinics.’ caseload, and in spite of individual differences certain personality patterns emerge, as do certain typical reactions to therapy. The following is a somewhat oversimplified telescoped version: Most of these patients were respectable citizens, leading somewhat dull and isolated lives, operating rather in &dquo;low gear.&dquo; They had steady work-records somewhat below their capacity, were submissive and anxious to please their boss, allowing him to take advantage of them. They were afraid of responsible positions, reluctant to accept promotion. Some had had sporadic bouts of drinking. Most of them were married with a home of their own, but often no children. None of them had had more than two. Their social life was limited, their interests rather juvenile, their friends youngish. In no sphere of life did they manifest a really adult male attitude. In a number of cases, it was the death of their father that precipitated the offense; only few maintained a close relation with their mother after they married. They were rather dependent on their wives but had little sex life with them. Their wives did not complain about them, at least not in the
2 citations
TL;DR: The Prison Anthropology Service (PAS) as mentioned in this paper developed by the then Minister of Justice, Emile Vandervelde, was limited to only one laboratory at the prison of Forest-Bruxelles.
Abstract: IN 1920, the then Minister of Justice, Emile Vandervelde decided to develop the Prison Anthropology Service which was limited to only one &dquo;laboratory&dquo; at the prison of Forest-Bruxelles. Gradually laboratories were set up in the principal prisons, the first one at St. Gilles, to which I was appointed. Though I retired in 1952, I remained member of a commission that decides whether recidivists should be given preventive detention after their sentence expires. This commission continues to meet regularly in the prison centre at Merksplas. Thus my contact with prisoners spans now a half century, and I have witnessed remarkable changes. Belgium today has 31 penal establishments, nearly all of which
2 citations
TL;DR: The ferment of unrest sweeping through the correctional system of the United States culminated in the traumatic tragedy of Attica on the very day of my arrival in New York as mentioned in this paper, which had all too suddenly become News.
Abstract: THE ferment of unrest sweeping through the correctional system of the United States culminated in the traumatic tragedy of Attica on the very day of my arrival in New York. Prison had all too suddenly become News’. My transition from the problems of Lima (Peru) to a society in many ways so different had sharpened my perception and in trying to adjust to my new surroundings I found myself constantly drawing upon my Peruvian experiences as a yardstick for comparisons. An inescapable fact of both systems is the pre-trial detention with its disastrous consequences upon the correctional facilities and on the treatment of offenders. In Peru, some 75 per cent of all persons detained are awaiting trial; this percentage has remained fairly constant over a large number of years despite all efforts to accelerate the judicial process2. Pre-trial detention is often very long; two or three years in relatively uncomplicated larceny cases is commonplace, and a man was recently sentenced to death for homicide after spending nine years in custody. It is all too easy to find reasons for this state of affairs’: the inadequacies of the police phase; the repetitious, tortuous, often incomprehensible written proceedings; congestion in the trial courts, whose procedural defects lead to postponements and aborted trials; the entanglement of the civil and criminal aspects with the consequent juggling of interests, the aggrieved party so often playing the role of prosecutor; the hardness of some of the substantive laws themselves; inducing the defendant to postpone trial for as long
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that even among those appearing before the court, who presumably represent only a fraction of those who actually practise exhibitionism, there are quite a number of individuals who commited the ottense under stress or temptation, but are otherwise essentially normal.
Abstract: EXHIBITIONISM is not necessarily an indication of mental abnormality. In certain slum-neighborhoods this is an accepted form of courting, and only in respectable middleclass areas are passers-by likely to call the police. But even among those appearing before the court, who presumably represent only a fraction of those who actually practise exhibitionism, there are quite a number of individuals who commited the ottense under stress or temptation, but are otherwise essentially normal.
TL;DR: The authors of as discussed by the authors argue that the Juvenile Court Magistrates regret the loss of control over the lives of juvenile deviants that has resulted from the Children and Young Persons Act, 1969.
Abstract: THE antithesis implied by the title of this article is clearly felt by all those who arc closely involved with society’s deviantsmagistrates, police officers, and social workers. Juvenile Court Magistrates apparently regret, as has been widely reported, the loss of control over the lives of juvenile deviants that has resulted from the Children and Young Persons Act, 1969. In an article in 1970 Leo Goodman (Senior Chief Clerk of the Inner London Juvenile Courts Department) wrote,’ &dquo;It will be seen that the sentencing discretion of Magistrates has been largely eroded.&dquo; The Act removed the distinction between Approved School and Fit Person Orders, and replaced them by the single provision of a Care Order.
TL;DR: In practice, in practice, the Metropolitan Police, because of its size and its training needs, must necessarily go its own way to some extent as mentioned in this paper, and there is some uniformity, overall, about such training.
Abstract: pEOPLE tend to be complimentary about the British Police. Understandably visitors tend to be more complimentary than the natives. Nevertheless, both to ordinary citizens, and to the student of social history and social behaviour there does seem to be something about the British police service which is worthy of study. This article is being written about the Metropolitan Police which, with a strength of 21,000 oflicers, numbers roughly a .quarter of the total police strength of England and Wales. The Home Secretary has the responsibility for all police training in England and Wales, and there is some uniformity, overall, about such training. Nevertheless, in practice, the Metropolitan Police, because of its size and its training needs, must necessarily go its own way to some extent,
TL;DR: Prescientific medicine was the domain of philosophers and pragmatists who practised diagnosis by mythology and treatment by placebo and some who might have survived the illness did not survive the treatment which included beating, puking, leeching, purging, and plying with inedible toxins.
Abstract: a technique. Prescientific medicine was the domain of philosophers and pragmatists who practised diagnosis by mythology and treatment by placebo. Nothing else was available and the sick could not wait for the years it would take before treatment became rational. So the stricken brought their distress and disability to the socially designated healers who confidently diagnosed their maladies as due to sinning or humors or demon possession, depending on the historical weltanschauung. Some who might have survived the illness did not survive the treatment which included beating, puking, leeching, purging, and plying with inedible toxins. But
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a type of children who are truly homosexual and deviate from the normal ones, who are aware that they have been sexually aroused by their own sex from an extremely early age on, sometimes already at the age of three.
Abstract: CHILDHOOD deviation is not particularly well understood. Parents and those in charge of children seek for the most part to protect them against dangers from &dquo;strangers&dquo; that seldom exist, while ignoring the more proximate problems arising from familiars within the child’s immediate environment. Although the name &dquo;Freud&dquo; is bandied about freely, few people understand his theory of sexual development well enough to distinguish abnormal deviation from problems of normal sexual development, and the issues are ladened with superstition and ignorance. Childhood deviation represents not one problem, but several. First, there are children who are truly homosexual and deviate from the normal ones, who are aware that they have been sexually aroused by their own sex from an extremely early age on, sometimes already at the age of three. Such children are given to extensive sexual fantasies about homosexual partners. They usually take the sexual initiative seducing their partners by word, coarse gestures or physical genital contact, and may have sex play with others already at the age of six
TL;DR: The Diagnostic and Treatment Center in Dannemora, New York State as discussed by the authors, was established under the auspices of Governor Rockefeller, to treat persistent or neurotic offenders and conduct research and train correctional personnel.
Abstract: IN 1966 New York State, under the auspices of Governor Rockefeller, established the Diagnostic and Treatment Center in Dannemora. The function of the Center is to treat persistent or neurotic offenders, to conduct research and train correctional personnel. The inmates, selected from prisons throughout New York State, must be of average or higher intelligence and have a remaining term of 16 to 18 months before becoming eligible for parole. Most of them
TL;DR: A number of enquiries into allegations of abuse at mental subnormality hospitals and in other residential settings have been made as discussed by the authors, and Objections to residential care have been frequently voiced.
Abstract: a solution to a variety of social problems. The passing of the 1834 New Poor Law Act confirmed the incarceration of the poor and the aged, the insane and the immoral, the abandoned and the inadequate which continued unabated until the end of the 19th century. These conditions were slowly modified to a varying degree but the syndrome unfortunately still persists in some places even today. The architectural left-overs from the heyday of the poor law are an overriding drawback, and problems of overcrowding, inadequate amenities, low calibre staff still prevail and even cases of cruelty and abuse have come to the notice of the public. Recently a number of enquiries into allegations of abuse at mental subnormality hospitals and in other residential settings have been made.’ Objections to residential care have been frequently voiced. Many developmental psychologists (largely drawing on the writings of Bowlby2) have maintained that children reared in residential care