Showing papers in "International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 231 sexual offenders was studied with respect to the progression of their offenses from noncontact sexual crimes (such as exhibitionism and voyeurism) as juveniles, to the more serious sex assaults of rape and child molestation as adults.
Abstract: A sample of 231 sexual offenders was studied with respect to the progression of their offenses from non-contact sexual crimes (such as exhibitionism and voyeurism) as juveniles, to the more serious sex assaults of rape and child molestation as adults. The results of this study reveal that a significant number of offenders manifest a history of sexually inappropriate behaviors beginning in early adolescence. It appears from the study that many offenders begin to act out sexually at an early age and if left untreated may escalate to more serious sexual assaults.
149 citations
TL;DR: A discussion of the problems of neurotic and delin quent children, who are normally the opposite ends of the spectrum, with the "normal" child fitting in between.
Abstract: A discussion of the problems of neurotic and delin quent children. Their reactions are normally the opposite ends of the spectrum, with the "normal" child fitting in between. How to help both extremes to normalize.
44 citations
TL;DR: This is a difficult area for statistics because (a) the extent of the problem is always shrouded and only the worst cases come before the courts; some are known by the authorities, some by neighbours and acquaintances, some only by the victim and the aggressor; and (b) the line between legitimate punishment and abuse varies in different countries and at different periods.
Abstract: This is a difficult area for statistics because (a) the extent of the problem is always shrouded. Only the worst cases come before the courts; some are known by the authorities, some by neighbours and acquaintances, some only by the victim and the aggressor; (b) the line between legitimate punishment and abuse varies in different countries and at different periods, and can be difficult to draw with any certainty.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a successful program of dealing with street children is described; the focus is on personality develop ment, and the adult has to prove unwilling to accept aggression from a child or between children.
Abstract: Street children are usually failures and drop outs at school, but their skill and creativity in surviving and entertaining themselves in the streets show that they do not lack intellig ence. Most of them will admit that they have felt the lack of an adult "model" and their aggression and gang style are born out of the necessity to cope. Teachers and adults in general see only the negative side of their behaviour. What is needed is to build on the positive aspects. A successful program of dealing with such children is described; the focus is on personality develop ment. The program has to fit the child-not the child the program. The adult has to prove unwilling to accept aggression from a child or between children. Firmness has to be combined with caring and personal interest, and it is essential to provide interesting activities.
14 citations
TL;DR: Individuals, found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) and involved in court-mandated outpatient treatment, were assessed for patterns of psychopathology, with self- report measures eliciting greater severity on initial evaluations.
Abstract: Individuals, found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) and involved in court-mandated outpatient treatment, were assessed for patterns of psychopathology. Comparisons of self-report and interview-based methods were made with self- report measures eliciting greater severity on initial evaluations. In general, NGRI acquittees were found to manifest mild to moderate severity of psychopathology with a greater endorse ment of depressive and aggressive symptoms.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pilot study was conducted to test the efficacy of providing services to families when the father was in prison, and the program consisted of teaching parents better communication and child management skills.
Abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to test the efficacy of providing services to families when the father was incar cerated. The program consisted of teaching parents better com munication and child management skills. Parents and children were measured before and after an eight-week training program. Communication skills increased to the projected target level in all parents after program completion. Child management skills increased in two of the three families in the program. The study offers conclusions for the development of a wide range of services to families when a parent is incarcerated.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a selected review of research evaluating the impact of psychodrama and role playing in correctional environments, including experimental, quasi-experimental, case and descriptive studies, as well as recommendations for future research.
Abstract: The authors provide a selected review of research evaluating the impact of psychodrama and role playing in correctional environments . The review encompasses experimental, quasi-experimental, case and descriptive studies over the past 50 years, as well as recommendations for future research. The paper concludes with some implications for practitioners.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the predisposing factors leading to suicide or suicide attempts, particularly in young people, and point out that many people who want to kill themselves are only suicidal for a short period of time.
Abstract: Many misconceptions about suicide are discussed and the predisposing factors leading to suicide or suicide attempts, particularly in young people, are outlined. It is pointed out that many people who want to kill themselves are only suicidal for a short period of time. If they are saved from self destruction they can go on to lead normal lives. Therefore it is essential to recognize clues and warnings of suicidal behavior, and to take active measures of intervention. With a chronic pattern of repetitive self-destructive behavior, the outlook is pessimistic and a long term rehabilitation plan is needed.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative model for evaluating international community corrections programs is presented, which includes expanding culturally narrow-minded thinking in regard to community corrections, isolating relevant universal and national phenomena affecting offender treatment, and providing a framework for finding solutions to universal and relative problems in social behaviour.
Abstract: This article provides a comparative model for evaluating international community corrections programs. The goals of this approach include: expanding culturally narrow- minded thinking in regard to community corrections, isolating relevant universal and national phenomena affecting offender treatment, and providing a framework for finding solutions to universal and relative problems in social behaviour. These goals are accomplished in a three-dimensional comparative study of the larger society (differentiation mode), host community (implementation mode), and community correctional program (impact mode) under scrutiny. The resulting information can be used to reveal international problems in corrections, to create universal typologies (offenders, program models, client-services, etc.), to isolate and understand specific national problems in rehabilitation, and to promote workable solutions to the problem of crime and its correction.
5 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the non-assaultive group showed more passivity, day-dreaming and sexually seductive behavior than the aggressive group, who were more prone to tantrums, had a destructive attitude towards objects, and suffered from night terrors, more frequent mood changes and a greater number of behavioral problems.
Abstract: A study was made at the Bronx Municipal Hospital Outpatient Clinic on correlates with violence in young children. A group of aggressive children were compared with a similar control group on non-assaultive children at the clinic. It was found that the non-assaultive group showed more passivity, day dreaming and sexually seductive behavior than the aggressive group, who were more prone to tantrums, had a destructive attitude towards objects, and suffered from night terrors, more frequent mood changes and a greater number of behavioral problems. The aggressive children were more likely to be Puerto Rican or Black than white, and they were more likely to be raised by the mother alone. There was also a significantly higher frequency of delusions among the assaultive group.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, some problems which are likely to emerge in a group situation are reported and some suggestions to facilitate group work are also presented. But, vital information about the effects of various intrinsic and external factors which may exert strong influence over behaviour of inmates participating in the groups is still extremely limited.
Abstract: AT present, there is a severe dearth of knowledge about the non chemo-therapeutic work in the restricted and closed environment of the custodial penal institutions. Scott (1976) reported his experiences of conducting group therapy for convicted offenders on a work release programme. He described various advantages and disadvantages of enforced therapy, different stages in group therapy, and, methods and techniques employed. Priestley and Maguire (1977) described a very comprehensive pre-release programme to prepare prisoners for liberation. Similarly, groups to teach self-control techniques to obese and disruptive women in prison (Rizvi, 1983) and projects involving education and social skills training for convicted female problem drinkers (Hanley, 1982) are also known to have been organised. However, vital information about the effects of various intrinsic and external factors which may exert strong influence over behaviour of inmates participating in the groups is still extremely limited. In this paper some problems which are ’likely to emerge in a group situation are reported. Suggestions to facilitate group work are also presented. It is hoped that those planning to undertake group therapy work in prisons will find the writers’ experiences particularly useful. First step towards forming any group is to decide the type of group one wants to run in view of certain presenting problems. Normally, criteria for selection of inmates for a particular group are laid down and those who fulfill the requirements are selected
TL;DR: This article is an attempt to incorporate the theory of object-relations, and to "expand" it for application for those alcoholics who are in need of psychotherapy, and the necessity to replace it with mental structure.
Abstract: This article is an attempt to incorporate the theory of object-relations, and to "expand" it for application for those alcoholics who are in need of psychotherapy. Specific attention is given to alcohols function as an E.O. (exciting object). In this regard some of the features of a T.O. (transitional object) are considered and the necessity to replace it with mental structure. Clinical examples of the author's position are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the conceptual images of probation officers and clients in relation to the aims and purposes of the Southampton Day Centre were discussed and a review of the literature on client's perceptions of social work and probation practice is presented.
Abstract: This paper conveys the conceptual images of probation officers and clients in relation to the aims and purposes of the Southampton Day Centre. The paper begins by reviewing the literature on client's perceptions of social work and probation practice. The studies are divided into several categories. Accord ing to the present research it is suggested that the Day Centre findings go against the grain of most previous studies in so far as clients' and officers' views tend to coalesce. The research is based on a sample of clients and all staff interviewed in June/ July 1982.
TL;DR: The break through to an acknowledgement and understanding of the prob lems of child abuse are traced back to the first medical review of the subject in 1879, and the intense work of American radio logists and paediatricians in the last twenty years are described.
Abstract: A brief survey of attitudes to children through the ages drawing on legal history and on literature. The break through to an acknowledgement and understanding of the prob lems of child abuse are traced back to the first medical review of the subject in 1879, and the intense work of American radio logists and paediatricians in the last twenty years are described.
TL;DR: A study of the Polish prison system, describing its organisation and administration, and showing how far actual practice in the execution of justice in prisons differs from the theories laid down in law is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: A study of the Polish prison system, describing its organisation and administration, and showing how far actual practice in the execution of justice in prisons differs from the theories laid down in law. The warden lays down the guidelines which may actually be in contradiction to the legal regulations; lower prison staff feel their work is undervalued, and they tend to be more interested in their status than in the conditions under which prisoners live. Rehabilitative work takes a poor second place to punishment.
TL;DR: The treatment of narcissism in criminals is traced from Aichorn's early discoveries to the modern psychoanalytic theories of Kohut, Kernberg and Bursten as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The treatment of narcissism in criminals is traced from Aichorn's early discoveries to the modern psychoanalytic theories of Kohut, Kernberg and Bursten. Theoretical and prac tical differences between Kernberg and the others regarding the management of the idealizing narcissistic transference are elaborated, with the author advocating an integrative approach. The implications of the narcissistic transference for group and cult allegiances among offenders are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: This paper analyzes the efforts and programs aimed at the prevention of drug abuse and the treatment and rehabilitation of drug-dependent persons in Africa and describes and prescribes.
Abstract: The countries of the world continue to experience a serious drug problem. Africa is not immune to the drug prob lem. African governments are concerned about the continued incidence and involvement of their nationals in drug trafficking and abuse. Examination of available data reveal that cannabis is the primary drug abused in the continent, with some abuse of opium and cocaine, and an alarming increase in the availability for non-medical use and illicit trafficking in psychotropic sub stances (mainly methaqualone in the form of Mandrax and amphetamines ). This paper analyzes the efforts and programs aimed at the prevention of drug abuse and the treatment and rehabilitation of drug-dependent persons in Africa. It describes and prescribes.
TL;DR: In this article, a number of possible paradoxes of happiness are discussed which may, in the appropriate contexts, be worthy of exploration between the therapist and the offender, and a heightened awareness of these paradoxes may ultimately increase the likelihood of desirable results as offenders refine their general concepts of happiness into specific goals and strategies.
Abstract: In correctional settings and in general living, the con cept of "happiness" has a powerful influence on individual expectations and satisfaction. However, the pursuit of happiness can be based on both rational and irrational assumptions. A number of possible paradoxes of happiness are discussed which may, in the appropriate contexts, be worthy of exploration between the therapist and the offender. A heightened awareness of these paradoxes may ultimately increase the likelihood of desirable results as offenders refine their general concepts of happiness into specific goals and strategies.
TL;DR: There has been considerable research on combat stress from two World Wars (shell shock in the first, and combat fatigue in the second) and the Korean conflict (zombie reaction).
Abstract: There has been considerable research on combat stress from two World Wars (shell shock in the first, and combat fatigue in the second) and the Korean conflict (zombie reaction) It was the brain washing techniques associated with prisoners of war in Korea that drew attention to the delayed traumatic shock found—and frequently not diagnosed—in Vietnam veterans Widespread drug escapism and short tours of service led to a low level of combat stress The lack of esprit de corps among the soldiers in Vietnam and the war's unpopularity at home contributed both to the delayed traumatic disorders and to the reluctance of doctors and society to recognize and treat them
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take into account the cultural background of this violence and the social context in which women are victimized to explain the violence and reactions of institutions like the criminal justice system, social agencies, etc.
Abstract: During the last decade it has become increasingly clear that violence against women is a more common feature than was generally assumed. The extent and specific nature of this violence make the "traditional" explanations for its occur rence insufficient. By explicitly taking into account the cultural background of this violence and the social context in which women are victimized it is possible to explain the violence and the reactions of institutions like the criminal justice system, social agencies, etc. By considering violent incidents exclusively as the individual problem of the parties involved, the essence of the problem is missed, even whilst dealing with individual cases.
TL;DR: A series of propositions delineates the complexity of individuals who are alcoholic and a suggested treatment approach attempts to respond to the various problems of the alcoholic.
Abstract: A series of propositions delineates the complexity of individuals who are alcoholic. A suggested treatment approach attempts to respond to the various problems of the alcoholic.
TL;DR: In Georgia, probation officers are being trained to undertake psychological evaluations on convicted offenders as discussed by the authors, and these evaluations are completed through the administration and interpretation of psychological tests and a clinical interview, and they may receive unconditional certification, which allows them to write reports under their own signature; conditional certification, or they may be rejected.
Abstract: In Georgia, probation officers are being trained to undertake psychological evaluations on convicted offenders. These evaluations are completed through the administration and interpretation of psychological tests and a clinical interview. The officers attend a course consisting of three week's study, each week being separated from the next by three months in which they learn to use the skills they have been taught. They have finally to pass a comprehensive written test on psychopathology, testing, report and writing and policy procedures, and to go before a certification board. They may receive unconditional certification, which allows them to write reports under their own signature; conditional certification , or they may be rejected.
TL;DR: A case history illustrating the impact of unresolved grief on an individual with already marginal adjustment to the community and personal relationships, and its importance to understanding the psychodynamics as it relates to episodes of aggression is presented in this article.
Abstract: A case history illustrating the impact of unresolved grief on an individual with already marginal adjustment to the community and personal relationships, and its importance to understanding the psychodynamics as it relates to episodes of aggression.
TL;DR: The project aims to reduce the excessive use of residential care and custody for deviant young people by pro viding an alternative in the community by arguing that deviancy and not delinquency should be the main issue for social agencies.
Abstract: The project aims to reduce the excessive use of residential care and custody for deviant young people by pro viding an alternative in the community. It is argued that deviancy and not delinquency should be the main issue for social agencies, who together should form an integrated system for the manage ment of deviancy. Practical aspects of the day care programmes and intake policy are described. Some preliminary results of evaluative work are briefly indicated.
TL;DR: In this article, the origin, function and scope of money payment supervision orders (MPSOs) and their place in the fine enforcement procedure are described, and the potential for this type of order, as well as their limitations are discussed.
Abstract: This paper describes the origin, function and scope of Money Payment Supervision Orders (MPSOs) and their place in the fine enforcement procedure. It looks at the potential for this type of order, as well as pointing out the limitations, using three case histories to illustrate the variety of use. It concludes that, with a clarification of the legal definition concerning the order, more positive use could be made of it as a means of avoiding imprisonment for default.