International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 

About: International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry is an academic journal published by Wiley. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 0960-7439. Over the lifetime, 1947 publications have been published receiving 55472 citations. The journal is also known as: International journal of pediatric dentistry.

Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases

Abstract: Summary. Introduction. A review of the literature relating to supernumerary teeth is presented along with a survey of 152 cases. Methods. The study population consisted of 152 children who visited the department of Paediatric Dentistry at the Jordan University Hospital. Patients ranged in age from 5 to 15 years. Supernumeraries were detected by clinical examination and radiographs. Results. Males were affected more than females with a sex ratio of 2·2 : 1. Seventy-seven percent of the patients had one supernumerary tooth, 18·4% had double teeth, and 4·6% had three or more supernumeraries. Ninety percent of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the premaxilla, of which 92·8% were in the central incisor region and of these latter 25% were located in the midline. The other 10·4% of the supernumeraries were located in the premolar, canine, molar, and lower central incisor regions. Two cases were of non-syndrome supernumerary teeth. Seventy-five percent of the supernumeraries were conical, 83·1% were in the normal vertical position and 26·5% were erupted. Conical-shaped supernumerary teeth had a significantly higher rate of eruption compared to the tuberculate type.

Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents : a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors

Abstract: Objectives. The objectives of this article were to examine the literature published from 1982 to 2006 and to evaluate prevalence of dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behaviour management problems (DBMP) in children and adolescents, and their relationships to age, sex, general anxiety, temperament, and general behavioural problems. Methods. A broad search of the PubMed database was performed using three combinations of search terms. Results. A large proportion of the identified articles could not be used for the review owing to inadequate endpoints, measures or poor study design. Thirty-two papers of acceptable quality were identified and reviewed. The prevalence of both DFA and DBMP were estimated to 9%, with a decrease in prevalence with age. DFA/DBMP were more frequent in girls. DFA/DBMP were related to general fear and both internalizing and externalizing behavioural problems, although these relationships were not clear-cut. Temperament was related to both DFA and DBMP but with different temperamental characteristics, while general behavioural problems mainly correlated with DBMP. Conclusions. DFA/DBMP are common, and several psychological factors are associated with the development of these problems. In order to better understand these relationships, a number of issues concerning design of research and measurement of DFA/DBMP have to be dealt with.

Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars.

Abstract: Summary. Objectives. To assess the demand for restorative treatment, dental anxiety and dental behaviour management problems among children with severe hypomineralization of their first molars (MIH). Design. Case control study. Sample and methods. Data were compiled from the dental records of 32 9-year-old children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars and from 41 controls of the same age group concerning dental health, a number of restorative treatments, use of local anaesthesia and clinical behaviour management problems (BMP). A questionnaire containing specific questions on children’s experiences of dental care and the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), was answered by the parents. Results. The children in the study group had undergone dental treatment of their first molars nearly 10 times as often as the children in the control group. Repeated treatments of these teeth at brief intervals were common. The dental treatment was often undertaken without the use of local anaesthesia, and BMP, and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) were more common than in the controls. Conclusions. Children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars had had to undergo a considerable amount of dental treatment. It is reasonable to assume that experiences of pain and discomfort on repeated occasions were related to the occurrence of BMP in patients with MIH. An early treatment planning and prognostication based on increased knowledge of hypomineralized first molars is desirable. Local anaesthesia and other pain-reducing techniques, e.g. sedation, should be used when treating these teeth. Extraction should be considered in cases of extensive disintegration of the crown, in cases of frequently repeated treatments or when pulpal symptoms are hard to cure.

Enamel hypomineralization of permanent first molars: a morphological study and survey of possible aetiological factors

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological appearance of severe hypomineralized enamel of permanent first molars by means of polarized light microscopy, and to estimate the possible time, severity and longevity of the insult. Furthermore, the aim was to survey some commonly implicated aetiological factors in order to gain knowledge about possible pathogenesis of the enamel disturbances which could be compared with future epidemiological studies. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Seventy-three teeth, which had been extracted due to severe hypomineralizations of the enamel, were collected and serially cut longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction. The sections were examined in polarized light, dry and embedded in water. The children were also examined with respect to the demarcated opacities of other permanent teeth than those that were extracted. The parents were asked about their health during the mother's pregnancy, the time of gestation, birth weight and any complications. They were also asked about the child's health during the first 2 years of its life, the length of time of breast-feeding and also about fluoride supplements. RESULTS: The hypomineralized areas extended cervically from the cusps, comprising about half of the buccal and lingual sides. The cervical borders to normal enamel were well defined and mainly followed the lines of Hunter-Schreger. The hypomineralized zones were covered by thin well-mineralized enamel. The majority of the children had demarcated opacities of all their first molars and also of some permanent incisors. No obvious correlation to the anamnestic data could be found. CONCLUSIONS: The hypomineralized enamel in the investigated teeth demonstrated areas of porosity of varying degrees. The yellow/brown defects were more porous than the white-cream and extended through the whole enamel layer, while the white-cream opacities were situated in the inner parts of the enamel. There had probably been an interacting disturbance of short duration of systemic origin of the activity of the ameloblast during the first 2 years of the child's life, resulting in chronological dispersed hypomineralized demarcated opacities in the developing teeth.

Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety.

Abstract: Summary. Objective. To examine the validity of a scale that uses faces as an indicatorof children’s dental anxiety. Setting. Department of Child Dental Health waiting room, Newcastle Dental Hospital. Subjects and methods. 100 children (aged 3–18 years) completed the Facial ImageScale (FIS) and the Venham Picture Test (VPT) in the dental hospital waiting room. Results. A strong correlation (0·7) was found between the two scales, indicating goodvalidity for the FIS. Findings also showed that a small, but significant, number of childrenare anxious in the dental context.Conclusion. The findings suggest that the FIS is a valid means of assessing child dentalanxiety status in a clinical context. Introduction Dental anxiety in children has been recognized asa problem in patient management for many years.Furthermore, the effects of this anxiety have beenshown to persist into adulthood, which can oftenlead to dental avoidance [1] and the subsequentdeterioration of oral health [2]. It is important thatdentists are able to assess dental anxiety in childpatients as early as possible so that they may identifypatients who are in special need with regards to theirfear. For this purpose, formal assessment measuresare essential. Upon reviewing the literature, it isclear that there are many different assessmentmethods available for this purpose (see Aartman andcolleagues [3,4] for comprehensive reviews). Whenconsidering the usefulness of an assessment measure,however, there are essentially three important factorsto take into account: 1 The validity of the instrument used must be con-sidered. This can be problematic, especially whenthe measure is indirect. For example, the use ofphysiological methods has been criticised on thegrounds that anxiety may be evoked due to the natureof the equipment used, and not because the child isdentally anxious [5]. In addition, projective techniquessuffer from questionable reliability and validity dueto difficulties in the interpretation of stories and thestandardization of scoring; 2 The assessment measure must be appropriate foruse with children. Indirect measures overcome thisto a certain degree as they mostly rely on observationsand reactions of the child by others. Techniques thatrely on some form of verbal-cognitive self-report(e.g. questionnaires) can be problematic, however.Questioning children directly about their dental anxietyis reasonably straightforward, but verbal methodsemployed with young children can have limitationsdue to comprehension and intellectual ability [4]; 3 It is important to consider whether an assessmentmeasure is of practical use to the dental practitioner,an issue that is rarely addressed in the literature.Techniques such as projective tests and behaviouralobservation are not designed for everyday use by theclinician. Projective techniques, such as the Children’sDental Fear Picture Test [6], require expertise in carry-ing out interviews and administering (and scoring)tests. Similarly, physiological methods often require