Showing papers in "International journal of scientific research in 2012"

The Use of Mobile Phone Among Farmers for Agriculture Development

Abstract: Mobile phone usage in third world countries is playing a vital role for the enhancement of farmers business towards agriculture. Recently, communication through mobile phones is considered very important in enhanc- ing farmers' access to better understand agricultural market situation. Farming communities appreciate mobile phone as easy, fast and convenient way to communicate and get prompt answers of respective problems. Nowadays, the mobile phone has generated an opportunity for the farmers especially to get the information about marketing and weather. Through this important technology, they directly keep in touch with market personals and offer their produce with reasonable prices. The use of mobile phone also keep them aware for weather forecast for agriculture input application like fertilizer and pesticides which might be affected by un fore seen dis- asters as communicated by metrological department. This device has given new direction and approach to farmers to communicate directly and share about recent advances with each other. The studies showed that mobile phones have saved energy and time of farmers and ultimately improved their income. Mobile phones have provided an opportunity to the farmers to communicate directly with market brokers and customers for sell their product in good price.

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes On Mechanical Properties of Concrete

Abstract: This paper discusses the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) on strength characteristics and du- rability of concrete. Sonication process is carried out by adding MWCNT with surfactants (super plasticizers - polycarboxylate 8H), 0.25% by weight of cement and also with water. 36 Specimens with MWCNTs of 0.015%, 0.03% and 0.045% of cement (by weight) were tested after 28 days of curing. Results show an increase in compressive and splitting-tensile strengths of the samples with increasing MWCNT. 0.045% of MWCNT has improved the 28 days compressive strength by 27 % while the split tensile strength increased by 45%. Crack propagation was reduced and water absorption decreased by 17% at 28 days curing.

Dissemination of Paddy Crop Technologies Acquired by Krishi Vigyan Kendra Trained Farmers of Anantapur District of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract: The study was conducted to analyze the Krishi Vigyan Kendra trained farmers in dissemination of paddy crop technologies. The investigation was carried out in four adopted villages of Andhra Pradesh covering three adopted mandals of Reddipalli Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Anantapur district.Exploratory research design was followed for the study. Ma- jority of the trained farmers had medium acquisition (71.67%) followed by low acquisition (13.33%) and high acquisition (15.00%) on groundnut crop technologies. Cent percent of the respondent acquired technologies viz, BPT5204 variety adoption, basal dose of fertilizers, seed treatment, harvesting 14 percent moisture in paddy grain and trimming of bunds.

GGBS as Partial Replacement of OPC in Cement Concrete - An Experimental Study

Abstract: The production of cement results in emission of many green house gases in atmosphere, which are responsi- ble for global warming. Hence, the researches are currently focussed on use of waste material having cement- ing properties, which can be added in cement concrete as partial replacement of cement, without compromising on its strength and durability, which will result in decrease of cement production thus reduction in emission in green house gases, in addition to sustain- able management of the waste. The ground granulated blast furnace slag is a waste product from the iron manufacturing industry, which may be used as partial replacement of cement in concrete due to its inherent cementing properties. This paper presents an experimental study of compressive and flexural strength of concrete prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement, partially replaced by ground granulated blast furnace slag in different proportions varying from 0% to 40%. It is observed from the investigation that the strength of concrete is inversely proportional to the % of replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag. It is concluded that the 20% replacement of cement is possible without compromising the strength with 90 days curing.

Modeling of Rice Production in Punjab using ARIMA Model

Abstract: Rice is the chief food grain of Indian population. Punjab ranks in the top five rice producing states in the country. Due to increase in demand of rice over the years, the modeling and forecasting of rice production over the years is very important. An Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methodology has been successful in describing and forecasting the rice production in the past studies. In the present study, ARIMA stochastic modeling is used for describing rice production in Punjab. The yearly rice production data of Punjab from 1960-61 to 1999-2000 has been taken for model building and the data from 2000-01 to 2009-10 has been used for validation of the model. The best model has been selected based on the minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values. It has been found that ARIMA (1, 1, 2) model described the rice production data in Punjab. Modeling of Rice Production in Punjab using ARIMA Model

Symmetric key Cryptography using modified DJSSA symmetric key algorithm

Abstract: The present work deals with modified advanced symmetric key cryptographic method i.e. modified DJSSA algorithm[1] for multiple encryption and decryption of any file. Recently Nath et al[1] developed an algorithm called DJSSA for encryption and decryption of any file using a random key matrix 256x65536 containing all possible 3 lettered words. Nath et.al [2] also proposed a method using a randomized key of size 256x256 containing all possible 2 lettered words. The above method was an extension of MSA algorithm proposed by Nath et al[3]. In the present work the authors have extended the DJSSA algorithm one step further. The present work proposes a key matrix of size 65536x256 which contains all possible 3lettered words. The present method uses a simple randomization technique[1] to make this key matrix random. So the complexity of finding the actual key matrix will be 16777216! trial runs and which is intractable. In the current modified DJSSA method the authors added one additional module to perform bit interchange between two consecutive bytes. This bit interchange will take place before DJSSA method. The bit interchange will continue during each encryption to make the encryption system more secured. The authors claim that it may be taken as the ultimate symmetric key method which can not be broken by using any brute force method. This method will be suitable in any business house, government sectors, communication network; defense network system provided the file size is small. The user has to enter some secret text-key. The maximum length of the text key should be 16 characters long. To calculate the randomization number and the number of encryption to be done is calculated from the text-key using a method proposed by Nath et.al(3). The present method will be most suitable for encryption of a small file such as digital signature or watermarking etc. The present method can be used to encrypt a large file by splitting the entire file into reasonable numbers and then run encryption program parallel in different machines and after that one has to append those encrypted file to get the ultimate encrypted file. To decrypt the file one has to follow the same trick i.e. first split into same number of files and then apply the decryption algorithm in parallel from different machines and finally append all decrypted files to get back the original file.

Synthesis and Screening of Melanin from Bacterial Strain EP83

Abstract: Production of melanin is one of the most universal, but at the same time it is in explicable alterations of living organisms to the capricious environments of the Earth. Melanin producing organism (EP83) was isolated from a soil sample of Gujarat University Campus, Gujarat using Tyrosine media. Much less is known about melanogenic synthesis in microorganisms. The presence of melanins in representatives of almost every large taxon suggests an evolutionary importance of melanogenesis. Isolate EP83 is known to produce 4.3 μg melanin/ ml in 3 days with a required condition of pH range 6.0 to 8.5, optimum temperature 28-480 C, in aerobic condition. The pigment produced is extracellular and water soluble and confirmed as melanin with spectroscopic analysis (280 nm peak). This melanin is known to have large number of implication in terms of human requirements and therefore, this study proved that EP83 can be used for the industrial yield and production of melanin. Synthesis and Screening of Melanin from Bacterial Strain EP83

Estimation of Fish Catch Supply Function of Fishing Community in Allahabad (U.P)

Abstract: This paper dealt with estimation of catch fish supply function of fishing community in Allahabad. Fish supply means the quantity of fish or services offered by fisherman for sale at different uint prices in given market at point of time. It is willingness of the supplier to offer the fish for sale at different unit prices. The fish supply function for important fish species viz. Rohu, Tengra, Chelwa and Backery were estimated using liner as well as cob. Douglas type of functional forms. The sup- ply function model is proposed to be developed to understand the responsiveness of explanatory factor on the quantity of fish supply in the market. The supply function was specified and estimated for overall fish delivery in the market and also separately for Rohu, Tengra, Chelwa, and Backery. The estimate model will provide, the estimates of supply elasticity. When the price of Rohu will increase by 1 per cent, the quantity of Rohu supplied in the market will increase by 4 percent. When the average price of fish will increase by 1 percent, the quantity of fish supplied in the market will increase by 3.55 per cent. Where, Y = Quantity of fish supply in the market during the year (kg) X 1 = Price of Rohu in the market per kg. (Rs.) X 2 = Price of Tengra in the market per kg. (Rs.) X 3 = Price of Chelwa in the market per kg. (Rs.) X 4 = Price of Backery in the market per kg. (Rs.) X 5 = Average price of fish overall in the market per kg (Rs.) b is = co- efficient of explanatory variable The supply function model is proposed to be developed to understand the responsiveness of explanatory factor on the quantity of fish supply in the market. The supply function was specified and estimated for overall fish delivery in the market and also separately for rohu, Tengra, Chelwa and Backery. The estimated model will provide the estimates of supply elasticity.

Empowering Rural Women - the Higher Education Way

Abstract: The dynamics of the future call for knowledge leadership. India today can boost of a large educated man- power, which is crucial for the socio-economic growth of any nation. Rural education will prepare India for a letter tomorrow. Quality, relevance and inclusiveness of education is cause of concern at the national level but it is more serious in rural India. Government need to ensure productive corporate sector participation. Education is able to empower women especially rural women. It ultimately leads to gender equality. Against this background, a modest attempt has been made to discuss some related issues in Indian perspective.

The Great Plate Count Anomaly and the Unculturable Bacteria

Abstract: The term ‘unculturable’ is used to describe bacteria that are not grown on artificial media till date and thus these are referred as unculturables. We do not have sufficient biological information to culture these bacteria in vitro. These microscopic cells are considered to be dead and therefore would never grow posed the anomaly without classifying them. In fact, many of these cells were shown to be metabolically active, even though they were not able to grow on laboratory media. The Great Plate Count Anomaly and the Unculturable Bacteria

Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors by FNAC

Abstract: An analysis of the salivary gland lesions presenting for FNAC diagnosis at VSGH was done & the results compared histologically. The reason for the study was to test the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC while keeping the histological diagnosis as the gold standard. The salivary glands are suitable for FNAC due to their superficial location & easy acces- sibility. The cytology & histopathology of the operated lesions was correlated. The frequency of the commonly encountered lesions & the diagnostic pitfalls were recorded. M/F Ratio 4:1 The non- neoplastic lesions were 40% & the neoplastic lesions ( comprising of both Benign & Malignant lesions) comprised of 60% of all the cases. In more than half (52%) of the patients the average age of in- volvement of the salivary gland lesions was more than 40 years. 48% of the lesions were in 20-40 yr age group , of which there were 18 males ( 75%) . The neoplastic lesions in the same age group were seen in 71.4% males increasing to 84.6% in the above 40 year age group showing an increase in the male pre- disposition to neoplastic thyroid lesions with increasing age. The non neoplastic lesions which comprised of inflammatory le- sions were seen in 76.5% males in 20-40yr age group & 66.7% in those above 40 year age group. The total neoplastic lesions in 20-40 year age group were 7 (29.2%) rising to 23 (88.5 %) in above 40 year age group. The neoplastic lesions in females in the 20-40 year age group was 28.6% which decreased to 13% in the above 40 year age group. The trend shows a significant male predisposition to thyroid le- sions & more so towards an increase in the incidence of neo- plastic lesions with an increasing age. An age related statistical analysis showed non neoplastic in- volvement in 40 yrs age group. Neoplastic involvement in 40 yrs age group which was extremely significant after apply- ing Chi square test with Yat's correction (Chi value=15.895 at dof =1, p < 0.0001). (Table 2)

Structural and AC Impedance Analysis of Blend Polymer Electrolyte Based on PVA and PAN

Abstract: Synthesis and characterization of new polymer electrolytes for electrochemical applications is one of the topics of current research. In this work, polymer electrolytes are prepared by blending two polymers Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) of different compositions by solution casting method using DMF as solvent. The prepared polymer films are characterized by X Ray Diffration and AC impedance spectroscopic techniques. XRD analysis shows the amorphous nature of the electrolytes. AC impedance analysis gives conductivities of the electrolytes. The highest con- ductivity at room temperature (303K) has been found to be 1.2x10 -7 S cm -1 for 92.5PVA-7.5PAN system. The activation energy cal- culated for blend polymer electrolytes have been found to vary from 0.1 to 0. 21eV. The loss tangent curves for the samples reveal the presence of low frequency relaxation peaks which shift towards high frequency at high temperature.

Impact of KVK Training Programme on Socio- economic Status and Knowledge of Trainees in Mandsaur District

Abstract: The present study was undertaken among 150 respondents consisting 75 on campus trainees and 75 off campus trainees spread among five selected villages under Mandsaur block of Mandsaur district. Variables namely respondents Socio-economic Status and their levels of knowledge about training programme of the selected KVK were meas- ured by utilizing pre structured schedule. Study find that the majority of on campus trainees (45.3 per cent) had medium socio-eco- nomic status followed by low Socio-economic status (29.4 per cent) and only 25.3 per cent had higher level of socio-economic status where as in case of off campus trainees 54.7 per cent had low socio economic status followed by 33.3 per cent medium level and only 12 per cent had high level of socio-economic status. The study revealed considerable difference between on and off campus trainees regarding their socio-economic status. Majority of the on campus trainees had high level of knowledge followed by medium level of knowledge and low level of knowledge whereas in case of off campus trainees 57.3 per cent respondents had medium level of knowl- edge followed by 18.7 per cent had low level of knowledge. This indicates that there has been a significant difference between on and off campus trainees in respect to their knowledge KVK training programme.

Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Due to Cancer Chemotherapy in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Gujarat

Abstract: Aim: To assess the pattern of adverse drug reactions in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for duration of twelve months. Clinical and treatment data were collected from patients who underwent cancer chemotherapy during the study period. CDSCO forms were used to record the ADRs. Causality, severity and preventability were assessed by suitable scales. Result: Total of 199 ADRs were noted among 105 patients. Out of them 57(54.29%) were males and 48(45.71%) were females. The most common SOC was gastrointestinal disorders (35.17%). Platinum (54.29%) and antimetabolites(48.71%) were most common drug classes responsible for ADRs. According to WHO causality assessment most of the ADRs were “possible” 78(39.19%). Hartwig and Siegel severity scale shows 53.26% ADRs were “moderate”. Shumock and Thornton scale shows 171(85.93%) ADRs were “not preventable”. Conclusion: Early detection of drug toxicity helps to treat the patient and modify the doses or the drug regimen to minimize toxic effects. INTRODUCTION: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a major clinical problem in terms of human suffering and increase healthcare cost[1]. According to WHO an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) is defined as “a response to a drug which is noxious & unintended, which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease or for modification of physiological function excluding failure to accomplish the intended purpose[2]. A study conducted in USA revealed that adverse drug events extended the hospital stay, increased the cost of hospitalization and nearly two fold increased risk of death[3]. The practice of cancer chemotherapy has changed dramatically as curative treatments have been identified for many previously fatal malignancies and it is employed as part of a multimodal approach to the treatment of many tumours[4]. Most of the adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs are due to effect on rapidly multiplying cells. Many cancers have a lower growth fraction than normal bone marrow, epithelial linings, reticuloendothelial system and gonads. These tissues are particularly affected in a dose depended manner by majority of drugs[5]. The most common side effect of chemotherapy administration is nausea, with or without vomiting. Other common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are diarrhoea, alopecia, myelosuppression, mucositis, gonadal dysfunction, hyperuricemia, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, haemorrhagic cystitis, impaired renal function, electrolyte imbalance etc.[6]. A study from south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital has demonstrated that among all ADRs antineoplastic agents were the most common class of drugs causing the ADRs i.e. 21.8%[7]. ADRs can be minimized by adjusting dose intensity of the drugs or by delaying the doses but the regimen and method of administration of some anticancer drugs may play role in development of toxicity [8]. The safety profile study of cancer chemotherapy is not carried out in our hospital till yet, so we decided to conduct this type of study. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Primary objective: To assess the incidence of ADRs of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Secondary objective: 1) To assess causality using the offending drugs. 2) To assess severity and preventability of reported ADRs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, epidemiological study was conducted for the study period of twelve months (July 01, 2010 to June 3

Investigation of Tool Life & Surface Roughness During Single Point Diamond Turning of Silicon.

Abstract: In the present study investigation was done to analyze the tool life by analyzing the change in surface roughness with time during machining of silicon (infrared crystal) at optimized parameters with a single crystal diamond tool. Silicon has low mass density, low cost & low coefficient of thermal expansion. Due to these properties it is used in microelectro, micro-mechanical & weight sensitive infrared applications where surface roughness is a major criteria for the acceptance of the fabricated part. A contact type mechanical profilometer was used to measure the surface roughness of silicon.

Heat and Mass Transfer Effects on Unsteady Free Convection Boundary Layer Flow past an Impulsively Started Vertical Surface with Newtonian Heating

Abstract: In this paper we have studied heat and mass transfer effects on unsteady free convection boundary layer flow past an impulsively started vertical surface with Newtonian heating, where the heat transfer rate from the bounding surface with a finite heat capacity is proportional to the local surface temperature, and which is usually termed as conjugate convective flow. The equations governing the flow are studied in the closed form by using the Laplace transform technique. The effects of various physical parameters are studied through graphs and the expression for skin friction also derived and discussed.

Chemical Bath Deposition Technique of Thin Films: A Review

Abstract: This paper critically reviewed the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method of thin film syntheses as well as the theories of early growth (nucleation) mechanisms of growth into continuous films and characterizations of the synthesized thin films using state-of-art techniques such as energy dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), Scanning electron micros- copy( SEM), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The films deposited by this technique have possible applications in anti-reflection, anti-dazzling, thermal control widow coatings, optical filters, total reflectors, poultry protection and warming coatings, light emitting diodes, solar cell fabrication and varistors.

Itemized Analysis of Questions of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Exam

Abstract: The present study is a cross-sectional study. The aim of present study was to statistically evaluate the qual- ity of questions asked in an MCQ exam of I MBBS students of Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad. By measuring Difficulty Index (p) and Discrimination Index (DI) an examiner can know if an individual question was too difficult or too easy and whether it discriminated better performing students from less performing students. Thus this analysis of questions can be useful for development of better questions in the future. MCQ items having optimum Difficulty Index and Excellent Discrimination should be regarded as best framed questions.

Constraints Faced by Farmers in Adoption of Biofertilizers

Abstract: The present study was carried out during 2011-2012 in Deoli Taluka of Wardha district of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state for ascertaining the constraints faced by farmers in adoption of biofertilizers. The study revealed that a great majority of respondents (85.00%) reported the lack of confidence towards various biofertilizers practices. More than half of the respondents of the respondents (58.00%) reported that lack of knowledge about biofertilizers, followed by inadequate water availability (45.00%) and lack of guidance from extension personnel (41.00%). It is therefore, advisable that the extension agency should increase confidence level of farmers on use of biofertilizers. Information regarding utilization of biofertilizers through organizing of training programmes, guest lectures, method and result demonstration and Krishi Mela.

Green HRM - Delivering High Performance HR Systems

Abstract: Green human resources refer to using every employee interface to promote sustainable practices and in- crease employee awareness and commitments on the issues of sustainability. It involves undertaking environ- ment-friendly HR initiatives resulting in greater efficiencies, lower costs and better employee engagement and retention which in turn, help organizations to reduce employee carbon footprints by the likes of electronic filing, car-sharing, job-sharing, teleconferenc- ing and virtual interviews, recycling, telecommuting, online training, energy-efficient office spaces etc. Efficiency created by Green HRM can lower operational costs and enables industry professionals to realize their Corporate Social Responsibilities in a better man- ner. This paper aims to study latest environmental friendly solutions to stay "Green" in the Human Resource function and proposes the development of a new model of green HRM by reviewing the literature on HR aspects of environmental management and synthesizing the thinking arising from the review of these literatures. The only limitation to this study is the unavailability of primary data as hardly any organizations practice Green HRM due to lack of awareness about it.