Showing papers in "International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research in 2012"

Intrusion detection system for cloud computing

Abstract: Providing security in a distributed system requires more than user authentication with passwords or digital certificates and confidentiality in data transmission. Distributed model of cloud makes it vulnerable and prone to sophisticated distributed intrusion attacks like Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) and Cross Site Scripting (XSS). To handle large scale network access traffic and administrative control of data and application in cloud, a new multi-threaded distributed cloud IDS model has been proposed. Our proposed cloud IDS handles large flow of data packets, analyze them and generate reports efficiently by integrating knowledge and behavior analysis to detect intrusions. ————————————————————

An In Vitro Study of The Antifungal Activity of Silver/Chitosan Nanoformulations Against Important Seed Borne Pathogens.

Abstract: This research is reports the fungicidal properties of nano-size silver/chitosan nanoformulations (NFs) used as an agent for antifungal treatment of various seed borne plant pathogens. Fungal phytopathogens, especially seed borne disease causing species, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria alterneta were isolated form chickpea seeds. Differences were observed in the antifungal activity of the silver nanoparticle, chitosan nanoparticles and silver /chitosan nanocomposite, upon the mycelial growth and zone of inhibition of the fungi. Extent of fungal inhibition was derived using the above information, in order to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of these nanoformulations against pathogens. Tests for the fungal growth revealed that the NFs showed significant inhibition effectiveness. This study suggests the possibility to use silver/chitosan NFs as an alternative to fungicides for controlling seed borne phytopathogens.

Colour image segmentation techniques and issues: an approach

Abstract: Due to the advent of computer technology image-processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of applications. Image segmentation is a classic subject in the field of image processing and also is a hotspot and focus of image processing techniques. With the improvement of computer processing capabilities and the increased application of color image, the color image segmentation are more and more concerned by the researchers. Several general-purpose algorithms and techniques have been developed for image segmentation. Since there is no general solution to the image segmentation problem, these techniques often have to be combined with domain knowledge in order to effectively solve an image segmentation problem for a problem domain. This paper presents a comparative study of the basic image segmentation techniques i.e, EdgeBased, KMeans Clustering, Thresholding and Region-Based techniques.

Study Of Heritability And Genetic Variability Among Different Plant And Fruit Characters Of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)

Abstract: Heritability, genetic advance, genetic advanced as percentage over mean and genetic variability among different plant and fruit characters of thirty tomato genotypes were studied at Hudeiba Research Station (ARC) during the winter of 2007- 08. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among the genotypes for all tested characters. Fruit weight showed the highest genotypic and phenotypic variance (1642.9 and 1779.1) whereas fruit yield per plant showed the lowest ones (0.17 and 0.39). High genotypic variance was observed for most of the characters indicating more contribution of genetic component for the total variation. Genotypic coefficients of variations (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for fruit weight (0.4885 and 0.4905) whereas the lowest ones were for days to 50% flowering (0.0552 and 0.0665). Higher GCV and PVC were recorded for most of the characters indicating higher magnitude of variability for these characters. The highest heritability was recorded on plant height (97%), while the lowest was for fruit yield per plant (43%). High heritability (broad senses) estimates were observed for all the tested characters indicating that these characters are controlled by additive genes action which is very useful in selection.

Coconut Shell Ash As Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement In Concrete Production

Abstract: The cost implication of cement used in concrete construction works is accelerating and almost becoming unbearable, yet the need for sheltering and other infrastructure using this material keeps moving up. Thus the need to find alternative binding materials other than cement has become pressing issue in research and technology world. Agricultural waste material such as coconut shells were collected and pulverized in the furnace from C to C for four hours to produce coconut shell ash (CSA), after XRF analysis was carried out to determine its pozzolanic property, which was used as partial replacement of cement in concrete production. Concrete cubes were produced using graded levels of 0, 10, 15, and 20 percent replacement of CSA for Ordinary Portland Cement. The concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 with water cement ratio of 0.5 were used and total of 60 cubes were produced and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Properties such as Workability, density, compressive strength and water absorption were determined in accordance to British Standards and pozzolanic property in accordance to American Standards. The results showed that the densities of concrete cubes for 5% replacement was above 2400Kg/m 3 while compressive strength were 25.17 N/mm 2 , 24.72 N/mm 2 , 23.08 N/mm 2 and 20.94N/mm 2 in step of 5% up to 20% at 28 days. It was observed that 10% replacement of CSA as has the lowest water absorption of 0.66%. XRF analysis showed that the CSA belongs to class F. Thus, replacement of OPC with CSA from 5% up to 15% is recommended for normal weight concrete production. (BS 8110:2, 1985)

Hiding text in audio using multiple lsb steganography and provide security using cryptography

Abstract: Steganography is an art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the intended recipient kn ows the existence of the message.The maximum number of bits that can be used for LSB audio steganography without causing noticeabl e perceptual distortion to the host audio signal is 4 LSBs, if 16 bits per sample audio sequences are used.We propose two novel approaches of substit ution technique of audio steganography that improves the capacity of cover audio for embedding additional data. Using these methods, message bits are embedded into multiple and variable LSBs. These methods utilize upto 7 LSBs for embedding data.Results show that both these methods improve capacity of data hiding of cover audio by 35% to 70% as compared to the standerd LSB algorithm with 4 LSBs used for data embedding. And using encryption and decryption techniques performing cryptography. So for this RSA algorithm used.

Introduction to Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete on Engineering Performance of Concrete

Abstract: Fiber reinforced concrete has been successfully used in slabs on grade, shotcrete, architectural panels, precast products , offshore structures, structures in seismic regions, thin and thick repairs, crash barriers, footings, hydraulic structures and many other applications The usefulness of fiber reinforced concrete in various Civil Engineering applications is thus indisputable This review study is a trial of giving some highlights for inclusion of steel fibers especially in terms of using them with new types of concrete

A Study of Waiting And Service Costs of A Multi-Server Queuing Model In A Specialist Hospital

Abstract: The effect of queuing in relation to the time spent by patients to access clinical services is increasingly becoming a major source of concern to most health –care providers. This is because keeping patients waiting too long could result to cost to them (waiting cost). Providing too much service capacity to operate a system involves excessive cost. But not providing enough service capacity results in excessive waiting time and cost. In this study, the queuing characteristics at the Riverside Specialist Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre , Makurdi was analysed using a Multi-server queuing Model and the Waiting and service Costs determined with a view to determining the optimal service level. Data for this study was collected at the Riverside specialist clinic for four weeks through observations, interviews and by administering questionnaire. The data was analysed using TORA optimization Software as well as using descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis showed that average queue length, waiting time of patients as well as overutilization of doctors at the Clinic could be reduced at an optimal server level of 12 doctors and at a minimum total cost as against the present server level of 10 doctors with high Total Cost which include waiting and service costs. This model can also be used by decision and other policy makers to solve other Multi-server queuing problems.

Security Challenges In Cloud Computing With More Emphasis on Trust And Privacy

Abstract: Cloud computing is known as the newest technologies in IT field which causes some worries for consumers and its producers due to its novelty. Looking at its literature, we can see the privacy and security aspects and trust are the main concerns. It creates an important hindrance for using by users. So we decided to evaluate some factors such as security for the acceptance of cloud computing. In this paper, we highlighted envision about security emphasizing for the maintenance of privacy and trust in accepting the cloud computing. As a result, we are proposed new recommendations for improving security, decreasing risks, increasing trust and maintaining privacy which they are necessary to adopt cloud computing.

The Analysis of Determinant Factors In Software Design For Computer Assisted Instruction

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the determinant factors in the formulation of human and computer interaction in software design for Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI). The methodology used is descriptive analysis toward determination of the determinant factors in the formulation of human and computer interaction in software design for CAI through Focus Group Discussion, and then weighting each aspect in the interaction of human and computer through the respondent perceptions and questionnaire by using utilities weighting model on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The result showed that the determinant factors in the determinant factors and the formulation of human and computer interaction in software design for CAI, which are respectively based on the value of their interests, are functionality, productivity, interaction model, and security.

Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction Among Healthcare Professionals At Tilganga Eye Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract: Relationships have been reported between job satisfaction, productivity, absenteeism and turnover among healthcare employees across the world and as such, it affects employees’ organizational commitment and quality of healthcare services. The aim of the study was to determine the factors influencing job satisfaction among healthcare professionals at Tilganga Eye Centre. The cross sectional data from self-administered questionnaires were conducted among 75 participants. The results showed 76% of healthcare professionals were satisfied with their current jobs in overall job satisfaction at Tilganga Eye Centre. No association was found in between socio-demographic characteristics and job satisfaction. Variables such as responsibility, opportunity to develop, staff relations and patient care were significantly influencing factors for job satisfaction. In health service sector, healthcare professionals are satisfied not only with financial benefits but also with satisfaction that they draw from taking care of patients relations.

Water Saving-Irrigation Automatic Agricultural Controller

Abstract: For weather monitoring system and irrigation controller, we need to measure different parameters i.e. Atmospheric temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, Wind direction, Radiation, Soil temperature, Sunshine and Rain fall etc. The key objective of this project is to report on a developed indigenous low cost time based microcontroller based irrigation scheduler who performs user defined functions and outputs com mands to derive appropriate actuators (relay, solenoid valves, motor). A soil moisture sensor was modeled, simulated and tested for achieving, with low-cost, accurate and reliable measurements. A low-cost high-performance and small temperature sensor is used, with the same PCB circuit it can measure humidity also. The tipping bucket rain gauge is used to measure rain fall. After a pre-set amount of precipitation falls, the lever tips, dumping the collected water and sending an electrical signal. An anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. Hence current research focuses on precision agriculture, soil conservation and crop irrigation scheduling and water quantity control for increasing water use efficiency. There is a need to develop new indigenous irrigation controller to improve farm productivity and input use efficiency of water and other nutrients. This system presents the design and development of Irrigation controller System built around PIC16F877A microcontroller. The system consists of microcontroller, peripherals including RTC, LCD and driver circuit relay to switch on/off a motor.

Data Mining Techniques: A Tool For Knowledge Management System In Agriculture

Abstract: Agriculture data is highly diversified in terms of nature, interdependencies and resources. For balanced and sustainable development of agriculture these resources need to be evaluated, monitored and analyzed so that proper policy implication could be drawn. Recently knowledge management in agriculture facilitating extraction, storage, retrieval, transformation, dissemination and utilization of knowledge in agriculture is underway. Data mining techniques till now used extensively in business and corporate sectors may be used in agriculture for data characterization, discrimination and predictive and forecasting purposes. Some use of data mining in soil characteristic evaluation has already been attempted. This paper attempts to bring out the characteristic computational needs of agriculture data which is essentially seasonal and uncertain along with some suggestion regarding the use of data mining techniques as a tool for knowledge management in agriculture. The Indian Agriculture is highly diversified in terms of its climate, soil, crops, horticultural crops, plantation crops, livestock resources, fisheries resources, water resources, etc. the diversity of its agricultural sector is both a bane and boon to the social, economic, and cultural bases of India's vast population. Moreover, the diversity among resources generates interactions among many different macro and micro factors, and is further complicated with the interdependencies that exist among these. These resources need to be evaluated, monitored, and allocated optimally for balanced and sustainable development of the country.

Micro Learning As Innovative Process of Knowledge Strategy

Abstract: -This research paper analyses and highlights the significance of micro learning in the education industry. Technological innovation has made our society a knowledge intensive one, where successful performance of individuals or groups heavily relies on the acquisition and utilization of relevant information contents and suitable communication means to achieve task objectives. Micro learning is a new research area aimed at exploring new ways of responding to the growing need of lifelong learning or learning on demand for members of our society, such as knowledge workers. The education industry is regularly updating curriculum to cope with the changing demand of industry and business to meet the challenges in the internal and external environment of businesses. In this research a quantitative research methodology is used based on a questionnaire survey. The result of this study highlights the importance and need of micro learning in education industry.

Heavy Metals Accumulation In Cabbage, Lettuce And Carrot Irrigated With Wastewater From Nagodi Mining Site In Ghana

Abstract: The heavy metal pollution is a major environmental problem especially in mining areas. The study was carried out to quantify heavy metal levels and compare their accumulation in the stems, leaves and roots of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Brassica oleracea L. var capitata (cabbage) and Daucus carrota var sativa (carrot) irrigated with wastewater from Nagodi mining site. Pot experiment was conducted using surface soil (0-20cm). Differential accumulation and translocation of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) i n the root, stem and leaf of vegetables were investigated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd concentration in the various parts of D. carrota was in the range of 0.070 -0.090 mg/Kg. The highest concentration (17.30 mg/Kg) of Mn was found in the stem of L. sativa. Fe was highly absorbed (139.6 mg/Kg) by B. oleracea roots. The highest concentration (0.221 mg/Kg) of Cu was found in D. carrota roots and the highest concentration (35.35 mg/Kg) of Zn was found in the roots of Brassica. Cd accumulation in L. sativa and B. oleracea was below detection limit (< 0.002 mg/Kg). Pb absorbed by the three genotypes was below detection limit (< 0.005 mg/Kg). Though heavy metals were absorbed, their concentrations were below WHO/FAO recommended limits; vegetables cultivated with such wastewater may be considered safe for consumption.

A Steady State Thermal Model For Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System Under Various Conditions

Abstract: The increasing environmental concerns and the escalating conventional energy supply costs are creating a resurgence of interest in renewable energy resources. Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) solar technology is a relatively new solar conversion technology which convert the incident solar radiation into usable electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. The basis of this technology is the negative temperature coefficient of the electrical conversion efficiency of crystalline PV cells that leads to reduction in performance of installed PV panels at high irradiance levels. In addition, the commercially available PV modules have relatively low efficiencies of not more than 20% meaning that 80% or more of the incoming solar radiation is wasted and converted as heat, raising the operating temperature of the module. A low temperature fluid, usually water or air, is circulated through the heat exchanger attached to PV back to extract the excess heat from the panel hence cooling it in the process. The heat extracted can be harnessed and used for low temperature applications like space heating and ventilation in buildings or drying applications in agricultural and industrial sectors. In this study, a steady state thermal model of a PV/T air solar collector was developed, validated from experimental data and then used to study the effects of various parameters on the performance of the system. The results indicate that increasing the air mass flow rate when the design parameters are optimum will result into a significant increase in the overall performance of the system. INTRODUCTIONplays a very important role wherever man lives and works. The living standard and prosperity of a nation vary directly with the increase in the use of energy. The global energy demand is increasing rapidly due to industrial growth, population growth as well as increased and extensive use of electrical gadgets. As human needs know no bounds, today most of the nations worldwide have been experiencing the problem of power shortages. This is more critical among the developing countries which seek to catch up with the economic development which has been attained by industrialized countries. In addition, climate change, caused by Green House Gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the use of conventional energy resources is NOMENCLATURE Collector area (m 2 )

Repositioning Accounting Information System Through Effective Data Quality Management: A Framework For Reducing Costs And Improving Performance

Abstract: A cursory look at organization’s Accounting Information System reveals a most worrying situation; prevalence of poor data and error in the database from which organizational decisions and annual reports are based. This paper focuses on Repositioning Information System through effective Data Quality Management: a framework for reducing costs and improving performance. Questionnaire and interview were used in collecting data from the respondents. The mean and standard deviation of responses were determined while the hypotheses formulated were tested for acceptance or rejection using t-test. The study revealed that the quality of data in the Accounting Information System of the selected companies conform to data quality dimensions. The result also indicated that implementation of data quality management lead to cost reduction; and adoption of data quality management tools improves organizational performance. The main recommendation of this study is that all the Accounting Information System stakeholders should undergo training so as to update their knowledge with current tools and strategies that can help prevent consequences of poor data quality. Key word:Accounting Information System, Data Quality, Data, Information Technology, Information, Database

Comparative Study of Physical And Elastic Properties of Jute And Glass Fiber Reinforced LDPE Composites

Abstract: Jute fiber reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites and glass fiber reinforced LDPE composites were prepared at variable proportions using compression molding technique at 120 °C. Few physical and mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption%, tensile strength, elongation at break (Eb%), Young's modulus, flexural stress and strain and tangent modulus of both composites were studied and compared. Throughout the study, it was revealed that glass composites had better mechanical stability as compared to LDPE jute composites.

Theories And Strategies of Good Decision Making

Abstract: Decision making is one of the major attribute of a good leader. It is a core skill employers look for in job description. Decision making is basically the major role of managers and leaders. Despite of the fact it is done all the time and at almost all levels of a project, we have not stopped hearing the business news with news of how business flops with much loss as a result of bad decision that you tend to imagine “what were they thinking while making the decision?” Or “What kind of person could have made such decision?” The reality seems to be that most organizations aren’t run by good decision makers, let alone great ones. People tend to remember the stories of bad decision making than a great one. This is so due to human tendency to notice exception rather than expected and the result of a bad decision could be so painful that it memory keeps lingering in the mind. It is necessary in decision making to follow the necessary procedure and make the right choice using the right tool that fits for the particular situation to avoid the consequences of a bad decision.

Allocation of Agricultural Land To The Major Crops of Saline Track By Linear Programming Approach: A Case Study

Abstract: Linear programming (LP) technique is relevant in optimization of resource allocation and achieving efficiency in production planning particularly in achieving increased agricultural productivity. In this paper a Linear programming technique is applied to determine the optimum land allocation to 10 major crops of the saline track of rain red zone using agriculture data, with respect to various factors viz. cost of seeds, cost of fertilizers/ pesticides, yield of crops, daily wages of labour and machine charges, selling base price of commodities, for the period 2009-2010. The proposed LP model is solved by standard simplex algorithm and Arsham’s Push and Pull algorithm and the solutions are compared. A case study is carried out in the saline track of rain fed zone of Murtizapur Tahsil of Akola District, Maharashtra; India. It is observed that the proposed LP model is appropriate for finding the optimal land allocation to the major crops of study area.

First report of fruit anthracnose in mango caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides in southwestern nigeria

Abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit rot caused by anthracnose is the most economically important postharvest disease limiting shelf life and export of fresh mango fruits in Nigeria. This study; investigated the etiology, disease incidence and disease severity of man go fruit anthracnose in Southwestern Nigeria. The result of the investigation revealed that 96 isolates out of 231 fungi isolates recovered from symptomatic mango fruits were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates based on their whitish orange colony, septated hyphae and capsule-like appearance and pathogenicity test conducted. Other 14 fungi species encountered, accounted for 135 isolates. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was more frequently encountered in all the study areas. One-way ANOVA with Duncan Multiple Range Test conducted, revealed that Ogbomosho area had the highest disease incidence mean of 48% and severity mean of 37.87% while Ayetoro recorded the least disease incidence with mean incidence of 37.33% and severit y mean of 30.93%. From the result of the investigation, it was evident that anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was prevalent in all the four study areas of Southwest, Nigeria. Sixty percent of mango trees surveyed were found infected with anthracnose and over 34% of fruits produced on those trees were found severely infected.

Analysis and design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna on different resonant frequencies for pervasive wireless communication

Abstract: These In this Paper presents the result for different resonant frequencies and the result is performed by thickness of 2.88mm and Duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.32, Lband frequency 2GHz are gives the best result. In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna design on different resonant frequencies and analyze the result of all operating frequency between 1GHz to 10GHz, when the proposed antenna designs 2GHz operating frequency. At 2GHz the verified and tested result on MATLAB are Radiation Efficiency=91.99%, Directivity=5.4dBi, Directive gain=4.98dBi and Half Power Beam Width-H plane=99.6123 degrees.

Offline handwritten devanagari script segmentation

Abstract: The process of segmentation is a vital part in any script/character recognition technique. Devanagari is mostly useful Script in India for number of officials and banking applications. Segmentation of Devanagari script is difficult because of presence of large character set which include vowels, consonants, compound characters and modifiers. This paper focus on the line, word, character segmentation of handwritten Devanagari script for efficient script recognition.

Fingerprint Image Enhancement And Its Feature Extraction For Recognition

Abstract: Fingerprint recognition is one of the most popular and successful methods used for person identification, which takes advantage of the fact that the fingerprint has some unique characteristics called minutiae; which are points where a curve track finishes, intersect with other track or branches off. A critical step in studying the statistics of fingerprint minutiae is to reliably extract minutiae from the fingerprint images. However, fingerprint images are rarely of perfect quality. They may be degraded and corrupted due to variations in skin and impression conditions. Thus, image enhancement techniques are employed prior to minutiae extraction to obtain a more reliable estimation of minutiae locations. The goal of this paper is to represent a complete process of fingerprint feature extraction for minutiae matching.

A Study of The Application of Digital Technologies In Teaching And Learning English Language And Literature

Abstract: Internet, ICT, VLE, digital media and software as such have heralded a new era in many aspects of our lives, to which educati on is no exception. As used in communication, internet communication tools began to de used in education especially in teaching Eng lish language and literature learning as the case study in this paper. As a result of the application of cyber technologies, both teaching and learning are facilitated. Students learn faster and easier than before because of the use of technology in schools. Learning English through the web and using new trends in education in schools make students willing to learn the literature too. The aim of this study is to review technology in English language and literature learning activities and internet communication tools in use. Moreover, technologies as internet have always been interesting to the students, thus based on this assumption it would be discussed how teachers can make English learning in the educational environments more enjoyable throug h enjoyment available in the study of literature too.

Review of corrosion kinetics and thermodynamics of co2 and h2s corrosion effects and associated prediction/evaluation on oil and gas pipeline system.

Abstract: In order to control the corrosion in pipelines, it is important to understand the underlying corrosion mechanisms and predict ion of it’s initiation and means of mitigation. This paper reviews the electrochemistry of corrosion, it’s kinetics and thermodynamic nature, with respect to CO2 and H2S effects in propagating corrosion in oil and gas pipeline system. The phenomenon of polarization and it’s importance in the mitigation of corrosion processes was highlighted in relation to it’s mechanisms. Several principles and models used in predicting and evaluating corrosion kinetics were reviewed emphasizing their applicability in the oil and gas pipeline system. Scale formation on metal surface plays a prominent role in the rate of corrosion propagation making the process more complex, hence the mathematical models to extract the parameters which determine the effect of scale formation were appraised.

Synthesis And Optimization of Streptomycin Loaded Chitosan-Alginate Nanoparticles

Abstract: Nanoformulation consisting of Streptomycin loaded chitosan-alginate nanoparticles were prepared using ionotropic-pregelation method and optimization was done in terms of polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration and stirring time. The optimal parameters were found to be Chitosan 0.75mg/ml, calcium chloride 1% (w/v) and stirring time 90 min. Polymer (chitosan and sodium-alginate) and crosslinker (calcium-chloride) at these concentrations had significant synergistic effect on particle size and % encapsulation efficiency. Increase in polymer and crosslinker concentration resulted in an increase in particle size. Encapsulation efficiency, first showed an increase followed by a decrease, on increasing the polymer concentration whereas it increased with an increase in cross linker concentration. The nanoformulation so formed showed particle size 328.4 nm & drug encapsulation 93.32%.

Characterization of CuO substituted 45S5 Bioactive Glasses and Glass - ceramics

Abstract: ZnO substituted 45S5 bioactive - glasses and glass - ceramics were prepared. In vitro bioactivity of bioactive glasses and glass - ceramics, before and after exposed to simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time periods, were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectrometer with measuring the pH and the concentrations of silicon, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and zinc ions in SBF solution. The density, micro hardness and flexural strength of bioactive glasses and glass - ceramics were measured. Experimental results show that in vitro bioactivity nearly remains same by doping 1% of ZnO by weight, but after that as well as ZnO content increases in vitro bioactivity decreases. Crystallization of bioactive glasses decreases in vitro bioactivity. The density, micro hardness and flexural strength of bioactive glass - ceramics are higher than their respective bioactive glasses and these are also increasing with the increase of ZnO content.