Showing papers in "International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research in 2013"

Permission-Based Android Malware Detection

Abstract: Mobile devices have become popular in our lives since they offer almost the same functionality as personal computers. Among them, Android-based mobile devices had appeared lately and, they were now an ideal target for attackers. Android-based smartphone users can get free applications from Android Application Market. But, these applications were not certified by legitimate organizations and they may contain malware applications that can steal privacy information for users. In this paper, a framework that can detect android malware applications is propos ed to help organizing Android Market. The proposed framework intends to develop a machine learning-based malware detection system on Android to detect malware applications and to enhance security and privacy of smartphone users. This system monitors various permissionbased features and events obtained from the android applications, and analyses these features by using machine learning classifiers to classify whether the application is goodware or malware.

Data Mining Applications In Healthcare Sector: A Study

Abstract: In this paper, we have focused to compare a variety of techniques, approaches and different tools and its impact on the healthcare sector. The goal of data mining application is to turn that data are facts, numbers, or text which can be processed by a computer into knowledge or information. The main purpose of data mining application in healthcare systems is to develop an automated tool for identifying and disseminating relevant healthcare information. This paper aims to make a detailed study report of different types of data mining applications in the healthcare sector and to reduce the complexity of the study of the healthcare data transactions. Also presents a comparative study of different data mining applications, techniques and different methodologies applied for extracting knowledge from database generated in the healthcare industry. Finally, the existing data mining techniques with data mining algorithms and its application tools which are more valuable for healthcare services are discussed in detail.

A Review And Evaluations Of Shortest Path Algorithms

Abstract: Nowadays, in computer networks, the routing is based on the shortest path problem. This will help in minimizing the overall costs of setting up computer networks. New technologies such as map-related systems are also applying the shortest path problem. This paper’s main objective is to evaluate the Dijkstra’s Algorithm, Floyd-Warshall Algorithm, Bellman-Ford Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in solving the shortest path problem. A short review is performed on the various types of shortest path algorithms. Further explanations and implementations of the algorithms are illustrated in graphical forms to show how each of the algorithms works. A framework of the GA for finding optimal solutions to the shortest path problem is presented. The results of evaluating the Dijkstra’s, Floyd-Warshall and Bellman-Ford algorithms along with their time complexity conclude the paper.

"Experimental Investigation Of Mixed Convection With Water-Al2O3 & Hybrid Nanofluid In Inclined Tube For Laminar Flow"

Abstract: Two experiments were carried out.first to study mixed convection Al2O3 water nano fluidinside an inclined copper tube surface. The effects of nanoparticles concentration and power supply on the development of the thermal field are studied and discussed under laminar flow condition. Results show that the experimental heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly with an increase of particle volume concentration from 0 to 4%. Two new correlations are proposed to calculate the Nusselt number in the fully developed region for horizontal and vertical tubes volume concentrations up to 4%.and In second experimental work, a fully developed laminar convective heat through a uniformly heated circular tube using Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid is presented. For this we synthesized Al2O3-Cu nanocomposite powder in a thermo chemical route that involves a hydrogen reduction technique and then dispersed the prepared hybrid nano powder in deionised water to form a stable hybrid nanofluid of 0.1% volume concentration. The convective heat transfer experimental results showed a maximum enhancement of 13.56% in Nusselt number at a Reynolds number of 1730 when compared to Nusselt number of water. The experimental results also show that 0.1% Al2O3-Cu/ water hybrid nanofluids have slightly higher friction factor when compared to 0.1% Al2O3/water nanofluid. The empirical correlations proposed for Nusselt number and friction factor are in good agreement with the experimental data.

A Survey Of Various Load Balancing Techniques And Challenges In Cloud Computing

Abstract: Cloud computing is emerging technology which is a new standard of large scale distributed computing and parallel computing. It provides shared resources, information, software packages and other resources as per client requirements at specific time. As cloud computing is growing rapidly and more users are attracted towards utility computing, better and fast service needs to be provided. For better management of available good load balancing techniques are required. So that load balancing in cloud becoming more interested area of research. And through better load balancing in cloud, performance is increased and user gets better services. Here in this paper we have discussed many different load balancing techniques used to solve the issue in cloud computing environment.

An Introduction To Electronic Commerce

Abstract: Recent developments in the fields of Internet and Information Technology have led to renewed interest extraordinary in electronic commerce in societies. Electronic commerce is supporting of customers, supplying of services and commodities, portion of business information, manages business transactions and maintaining of bond between suppliers, customers and vendors by devices of telecommunication networks. In the new global business companies and institutions providing merchandise and services, synchronously with evolution of the world in field of electronic commerce are in effect to change the logical and physical structure of their organization in this area. The purpose of this paper is to review of principles, definitions, history, frameworks, steps, models, advantages, barriers and limitations of electronic commerce.

Critical Factors That Affect The Success Of Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) Implementation In An Organization

Abstract: As more organizations move towards intelligent IT infrastructure, nowadays, Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) become a more widely used IT solution. Even though it is a widely used IT solution, many BIS implementations are not successful because they are time consuming and expensive. The benefits of BIS can be achieved if the system is implemented successfully. This paper explores the critical success factors (CSFs) that effect BIS implementation both from the perspectives of management and technology. Also, based on literature and interviews, a conceptual framework of successful implementation of BIS is proposed. The framework summarizes CSFs of BIS based on project implementation life cycle (pre implementation stage, implementation stage and post-implementation stage) from managerial and technological perspectives. Finally, results, suggestions and directions for future researches are discussed.

Spectrum Occupancy Survey In HULL-UK For Cognitive Radio Applications: Measurement & Analysis

Abstract: Efficient use of the radio spectrum is a necessity for future wireless systems. Cognitive Radio (CR) systems promise large inc reases in spectral efficiency. An important design constraint for systems is understanding of the current use of frequency bands which may be used by future CR systems. This paper describes a set of spectrum occupancy measurements performed in Hull, UK, in November 2012 and proposes long-term studies in a single location. Observations provide evidence that the licensed spectrum is far from fully utilized in frequency. Measurements provide evidence of the spectral efficiency benefits that may be accrued by the dynamic reuse of the available spectrum. Such improved usage could break the current spectrum availability bottleneck. The measurement method is based on the energy detection principle.

Effect Of Heating On Vitamin C Content Of Some Selected Vegetables

Abstract: The effect of heating on the vitamin C content of five choice vegetables was determined by redox titration with potassium iodate in the presence of potassium iodide. The results obtained in raw vegetables showed that pepper (61.56mg/100ml) has the highest vitamin C content while the least was in carrot (21.72mg/100ml). The vitamin C content of the vegetables analyzed were found to be in the order: Pepper > Green peas > Spinach > Pumpkin > Carrot. It was also observed that the heating time has significant effect on the vitamin C content of all the vegetables, as the heating time increases, the percentage loss of vitamin C increases too. The percentage loss of vitamin C in the vegetables ranged between (9.94-16.57%), (29.94- 37.43%) and (49.91- 64.71%) at 5, 15 and 30 mins respectively. Of all the vegetables assayed pepper gave the highest percentage loss of 64.71% at 30 mins. Vitamin C is easily destroyed by excessive heat and water, as well as exposure to air. For retention of vitamin C in cooked foods, it is recommended that foods containing vitamin C be cooked as fast as possible with less heat and small amount of water.

Factors Associated With The Utilization Of Skilled Delivery Services In The Ga East Municipality Of Ghana Part 2: Barriers To Skilled Delivery

Abstract: There is the need to assess the constraints to skilled delivery as a guide to improve maternal health and thereby achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5). It is known that even with the best possible antenatal care, any delivery can become complicated. Therefore skilled assistance is essential (GSS 2009) and needs to be given the relevant attention, especially in developing countries. In the more developed countries, skilled attendance is about 99.5% whereas that of Africa is 46.5% (WHO, 2008) and Ghana was 59% in 2008 (GSS 2012) below the WHO target of 85% in 2010 (WHO, 2005). The Ga East Municipality of Ghana has a skilled delivery trend of 29.8% in 2008, 31.6% in 2009 and 37.5% in 2010 respectively (Ga East District Annual Report, 2010). The question is: what are the barriers to the utilization of skilled delivery services in the area? Barriers associated with this trend is unknown and needs to be investigated. The main objective of this study is to determine the constraints associated with utilization of skilled delivery services in the Ga East Municipality. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used. Quantitative research methods were employed using structured pretested questionnaire. A study population of women (1549 years) who have delivered within one year prior to the study in the Ga East Municipal area was used. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling were employed using a sample size of (394) participants. The data entry and analysis was done using the Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Association between variables was determined using the Chi Squared Test. The findings showed that a majority of respondents 371 (94.1 %) attended ANC. About 79 % had skilled assistance at delivery with the remaining 21% delivering at home. Maternal education, occupation and household income as well as religion showed statistical association with the utilization of skilled delivery. The barriers to utilization of skilled delivery identified in the study include: transportation difficulties 43%, high cost of care 27.7%, others include: the influence of family decisions, poor attitude of health workers and poor quality care as some of the challenges. The rest were traditional / cultural or religious reasons. These challenges need to be addressed to improve skilled delivery services in the district.

Study On Addition Of The Natural Fibers Into Concrete

Abstract: The current manuscript deals with subject of addition of natural fibers to concrete in order to study the strength properties and also to observe if there is reduction in propagation of shrinkage crack problems. Basically natural fibers are of two types. Natural inorganic fibers such as Basalt, Asbestos...etc and the other are the natural organic fibers such as coconut , palm, kenaf, jute, sisal, banana, pine, sugarcane, bamboo...etc. The natural fibers are investigated by different researchers as construction materials that can be used in cement paste/mortar/concrete. This study may include the fiber properties, characteristics and compatibility between themselves. Also the comparisons and conclusion to be studied for different fibercement proportions. However all properties of concrete may not improve for the same proportions of different fibers. Some properties may be improved and same may be reduced, since each fiber has its own different properties. Totally the study deals with comparisons and differences between the different natural fibers

Dyes Removal From Textile Wastewater Using Orange Peels

Abstract: Use of various dyes in order to color the products is a common practice in composite knit industry. The presence of these dyes in water even at low concentration is highly visible and undesirable. This study was carried out for the utilization of orange peel as adsorbent for the removal of dyes from wastewater and to establish it as a standard wastewater treatment process for composite knit industry. This experiment was performed in the laboratory scale. The materials were obtained and treated for the removal of dyes at different doses. These materials also evaluated for different pH and contact time. This batch adsorption experiment was carried out for finding the effects of adsorbent's amount, pH and retention time on the removal of dyes from the wastewater. The experiment showed that the removal percentage was 60-70% at pH=7 with a retention time of 120 minutes. The optimum dose amount of adsorbent was 1.5g/25mL. The equilibrium adsorption behavior was examined by applying Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of orange peel is low but comparable to the other available adsorbents.

Environment And Health Impact For Brick Kilns In Kathmandu Valley

Abstract: In Kathmandu Valley among the other environment pollutions, air pollution is one of them. Valley is vulnerable due to its topography, which restricts the wind movement and allows pollutants to remain within the valley and the anthropocentric reasons. Brick kilns are the major source of air pollution along with other sources. These are not only deteriorating air quality and it is also degrading the health of the people living near the kilns. This research is base on both primary and secondary data sources to know about brick kilns pollution impacts on human health and environment around brick kilns zones, and to find out for minimize the air pollution do brick kilns adopt new technologies. For this research, primary data were collected from Nalin Chock of Bhaktapur district because many brick kilns were situated there and secondary data sources were provided the information about brick kilns production of different toxic pollutant components for air pollution and human hazards. Respondents of this research have shared that they are suffering with diseases like respiratory, nasal cognition, burning of eyes and loss of visibility, which accelerated many accidents on that particular area due to brick kilns. However, positive outcome of this study is that recently government has decided to ban Bulls Trench brick kilns in Kathmandu as a result; entrepreneurs are searching for environment friendly and cost effective alternative technologies, which will help us to built pollution free city.

Drug Abuse Among The Youth In Kenya

Abstract: Drug abuse is one of the top problems confronting the nation today especially among the youth. Incidences of drug and alcohol abuse and related anti-social behaviour have tremendously increased in recent years. This has become a matter of concern to the government, parents, teachers, Non-governmental organisations and all other relevant agencies. The Kenya government has recognised the seriousness of the drug problem and initiated the National Campaign against Drug Abuse (NACADA) in early 2001. This organisation is charged with the responsibility of coordinating activities of individuals and organisations in the campaign against drug abuse. Its mandate is to initiate public education c ampaign and develop an action plan aimed at curbing drug abuse by the youth. The study found that drug use and abuse among youth is increasing despite the control mechanisms that have been put in place. The paper recommended that as a first step to prevent and control drug abuse, parents should be sensitised on the dangers of drug abuse, the attendant problems and their functions as role models; schools should have a drug prevention curriculum from Kindergarten onwards teaching that drug use is wrong and harmful and that there is need for initiation of rehabilitation programmes for drug dependent persons. Key Terms: Addiction, Drug abuse, Effects, youth ————————————————————

Determinants Of Dividend Payout Policy Among Non-Financial Firms On Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya.

Abstract: The research paper examines determinants among dividend payout of non-financial firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The NSE has 50 listed non-financial companies as per NSE 2012 report. Purposive sampling technique was used anda sample of 30 non-financial companies for duration of five years from 2007 to 2011 was selected. Secondary data was collected from audited financial statements of companies from Nairobi Securities Exchange website and the websites of non-financial firms' .Dividend payout ratio was dependent variable while independent variables were profitability, Growth, current earnings, and liquidity. Size and business risk was taken as moderating variables. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions were used. Return on equity current earnings and firms' growth activities were found to be positively correlated to dividend payout Business risk and size,both the two taken as moderating variables increase the precision of significant variables from 95% to 99% hence among major determinants of dividend payout.

Job Satisfaction Among Bank Employees: An Analysis Of The Contributing Variables Towards Job Satisfaction

Abstract: Job satisfaction can defined as extent of positive feelings or attitudes that individuals have towards their jobs. When a person says that he has high job satisfaction, it means that he really likes his job, feels good about it and values his job dignity. Job satisfaction is important technique used to motivate the employees to work harder. It is often said that “A HAPPY EMPLOYEE IS A PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYEE”. This paper in investigates the level of job satisfaction of Canara Bank employees in Delhi NCR identifying the satisfaction level of employees, various factors influencing satisfaction of employees and to study the relationship between personal factors of employees. Based on a survey, the paper attempts to gain insights into the satisfaction level from the perspective of the Bank employees. Factors including salary of employees, performance appraisal system, promotional strategies, employee’s relationship with management and other coemployees, training and development program, work burden and working hours are found important for improving job satisfaction of bank employees in Canara bank. Increase in level of these factors improves overall satisfaction of employees which is identified by using statistical techniques.

Tannin Extract Of Guava Leaves (Psidium Guajava L) Variation With Concentration Organic Solvents

Abstract: Research has been conducted to determine the levels of tannins in leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L) using a variation of the concentration of organic solvent. The method used for qualitative analysis with the tannins are formed by the intensity of the color is blackish green FeCl3 compounds. While the principle of quantitative determination of tannins is tanat acid standard curve at a wavelength of 724,5 nm. In the quantitative analysis of tannins used variations of organic solvent (ethanol and acetone with a concentration of 30%, 50%, 70%). Levels of tannins in the sample solution was calculated with Tannates Acid Equivalent (EAT). The results showed levels of tannins in leaves of guava with 30% ethanol, which is 3.228 mg/g, 50% is 2.970 mg/g, 70% is 2,333 mg/g. While the levels of tannins in guava leaves with 30% acetone solvent which is 2,781 mg/g, 50%: 2,738 mg/g, 70%: 2,405 mg/g.

Computer-Based Test (Cbt) System For University Academic Enterprise Examination

Abstract: As flexible and online learning mediated by ICT becomes more pervasive, there is a growing need for educators to consider modes of assessment using similar tools. Computer Based Test (CBT) is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. Though, a variety of e-assessment approaches and systems have been developed in recent times, yet lack of flexible timing functionality to automatically log-off candidates upon expiration of allotted time, result integrity comprise, stand-alone deployment, lack of flexibility, robustness and scalability as well as human error are major limitations of the existing platforms. In this paper, a web-based online examination system is developed to address these aforementioned drawbacks. The system is designed to facilitate the examination processes and manage challenges surrounding the conduct of examination, auto-submission, auto-marking and examination result report generation. The conceptual design including the Data Flow Diagram (DFD), the Use Cases and the Entity-Relationship Model (ERM) for the system developed is also presented. The programming tools used for the front-end development of the system are Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 integrated development environment while Microsoft SQL Server 2008 is used as the database backend. The CBT system was evaluated at the Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State prometric centre. Performance assessment was carried out by two-hundred and fifty (250) volunteer users of the CBT system and the average performance scoring indicate that the system scores high in terms of reliability, robustness and flexibility with easy to use graphical user interface. The volunteers comprise of software developers, students, lecturers and network engineers. The test proved the validity of using this web-based CBT system to evaluate a large mass of students in various institutions of learning across the globe.

Mothers" Utilization Of Antenatal Care And Their Satisfaction With Delivery Services In Selected Public Health Facilities Of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia:

Abstract: Background: A woman"s utilization and satisfaction with the delivery service may have immediate and long-term effects on her health and subsequent utilization of the services. Providing satisfying delivery care increases service utilization. This study was to assess Utilization of Antenatal Care for recent pregnancy and satisfaction with delivery service in Wolaita zone. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional survey with exit interview was conducted in Wolaita Zone. 363 postpartum mothers were enrolled in the study. Client satisfaction was measured using a survey instrument adopted from the Donabedian quality assessment framework. Multi variate and binary logistic regression was applied to identify the relative effect of each explanatory variable on the outcome (satisfaction). Results: The proportion of mothers who had at least a visit to ANC Check up was 85.7%. The overall level of satisfaction with deliv ery care was 82.9%. Middle aged (20-34) postpartum mothers were more (AOR =2.55(95% CI: 1.11,5.90) likely to be satisfied when compared to their 35-49 counter age groups where the later might have no/wrong experience with the delivery service. Mothers with some level of high school education (9-12) were at higher chance (AOR= 4.46 (95% CI: 1.63, 12.18) to be satisfied with the service in comparison with higher level of education as it might show higher demand of the more educated group or there may be underestimation of safe delivery . Women who stayed on labour pain for less than a s unset were in their above three times higher likelihood on their level of satisfaction when compared to their longer on labor counter mothers (AOR= 3.31(95%CI: 1.53, 7.17). Conclusion: Self reported utilization of ANC service and satisfaction with delivery care given to them is promising. ANC can help for better utilization of institutional delivery. Care providers should plan for more institutional delivery by extending their acceptance in the already visiting ones. Mothers who happened to visit health facility for delivery attendance can be good promoters for institutional delivery as peer mothers to advocate the service.

Challenges Facing Technical And Vocational Education In Ghana

Abstract: Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Ghana is facing a number of challenges. The problems ranging from the limited number of technical institutes available in the country, lack of facilities and materials for training students, inadequate technical teachers or facilitators, limited number of training institutions for technical teachers and difficulty in career progression to the negative public att itudes and perceptions towards technical and vocational education and training in Ghana. In this paper, these challenges confronting TVET and the pertinent issues are discussed with the aim of recommending ways of addressing them. Index Terms : Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), College of Technology Education (COTE), Ghana Institute of Technology (GIT) and Technical Institute (TI) ————————————————————

Customer Satisfaction With Internet Banking Service Quality In The Ghanaian Banking Industry

Abstract: This paper empirically examines Customer Satisfaction (CS) with internet banking service quality (IBSQ) in the Ghanaian banking industry. The study was a cross-sectional survey that employed the use self-administered questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of 200 respondents of two banks through personal contact. The findings are that customers of Merchant Bank, Ghana (MBG) are more satisfied with the IBSQ than those of Ghana Commercial Bank (GCB). Moreover, income influenced the satisfaction of customers for IBSQ generally. It was found that, generally, customers of the two banks are dissatisfied with the promptness of reception of responses to customer request, the ability to be guided online to res olve problems, offering of preferentially lower fees/ rates and charges, and reasonability of the transaction fee for online banking transactions, but are less satisfied with the quickness of web pages loading when using online banking transactions. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings have been discussed, and limitations are noted. The paper contributes to the literature in area of customer satisfaction in electronic banking.

Performance Analysis Of Different Feature Selection Methods In Intrusion Detection

Abstract: In today’s era detection of security threats that are commonly referred to as intrusion, has become a very important and critical issue in network, data and information security. Highly confidential data of various organizations are present over the network so in order to preserve that data from unauthorized users or attackers a strong security framework is required. Intrusion detection system plays a major role in providing security to computer networks. An Intrusion detection system collects and analyzes information from different areas within a computer or a network to identify possible security threats that include threats from both outside as well as inside the organization. The Intrusion detection system deals with large amount of data whichcontains various irrelevant and redundant features resulting in increased processing time and low detection rate. Therefore feature selection plays an important role in intrusion detection. There arevarious feature selection methods proposed in literature by different authors. In this paper a comparative analysis of different feature selection methods are presented on KDDCUP’99 benchmark dataset and their performance are evaluated in terms of detection rate, root mean square error and computational time.

Secure Image Encryption Algorithms: A Review

Abstract: Image encryption plays an important role in the field of information security. Most of the image encryption techniques have some security and performance issues. So there is a need to compare them to determine which method is suitable for the application. Chaos based encryption algorithms are employed nowadays because of their better security and performance aspects. Chaotic behavior of a system is t he sophisticated nature of a nonlinear system that looks random. This work is a review of two novel chaos based image encryption algorithms, namely a secure image encryption algorithm based on Rubik’s cube principle and a new chaos-based fast image encryption algorithm in terms of the parameters like NPCR, UACI, Entropy and Correlation coefficient.

Maize Stalk As Reinforcement In Natural Rubber Composites

Abstract: Maize stalk fibres can be used as fillers in natural rubber composites replacing expensive and non-biodegradable inorganic fillers. Maize stalk fibres were chemically modified with acetic anhydride (acetylation) to enhance their compatibility with the hydr ophobic rubber polymer matrix. The fibre was characterised using FTIR showing a spectrum with a well defined peak at 1742 cm -1 (attributed to the carbonyl groups -C=O), indicating that new acetyl groups were introduced to cellulose. The curing and physico-mechanical properties of the composite as a function of filler loading was determined and compared with the values obtained using commercial grade hydrated silica. The natural rubber -maize stalk filled composites showed good processing safety in terms of torques and scorch. Compared with untreated maize-natural rubber composites, the acetylated composites exhibited higher mechanical properties, reduced moisture absorption and higher resistant to hydrothermal aging. Based on mechanical properties and statistical treatment of data, composites filled with 20 phr treated maize stalk had the optimum set of mechanical properties (tensile strength of 22.4 MPa, elongation at break 404 % and hardness Shore A of 55) that were closely comparable with commercial hydrated silica filled composites. Maize stalk has therefore demonstrated its potential to be used to reinforce natural rubber for shoe sole production.

Impacts Of Urbanization On Land Use Planning, Livelihood And Environment In The Nairobi Rural-Urban Fringe, Kenya

Abstract: The expansion of the cities into the rural-urban fringes is creating direct and indirect impacts with those living there facing new challenges and opportunities in meeting their life needs and accommodating the by-products of urbanization. Although urbanization in these areas provides opportunities for employment, better housing, education, knowledge and technology transfer, and ready markets for the agricultural products , increase in population places enormous stress on natural resources and existing social services and infrastructure. This paper, using a multiple theoretical framework and qualitative research approach, attempts to describe the positive and adverse effects of urbanization on land use planning, li velihood and environment in rural-urban fringes, using the Town Council of Karuri, within Nairobi rural-urban fringe, Kenya, as a case study.

Pancasila As Integration Philosophy of Education And National Character

Abstract: The influence of the ideology of neo-liberalism with a set of values such as individualism, materialism, secularism, hedonism, rationalism, materialism, the high of consumerism culture and the effect of market culture with the values of capitalism has hit the Indonesian national identity with a democratic political life, so that we as a nation of Indonesia almost forgotten the values of its own local culture and religion which we believe. In effect, values and local wisdom did not give color Indonesia education. However, more influenced by western values compared with the European community and the United States though. The author tries to present "Integrity Of Pancasila Philosophy As Character Education Nation Indonesia" which is expected to provide the best solutions for education in Indonesia is more colored by the values of the partial, not integrated, which will be presented by some of the experts of education in Indonesia.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Students of Wolaita Sodo University, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract: Background: sexually transmitted Infections represent a large burden of disease worldwide with an annual incidence of about 333 million cases. In Ethiopia, studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among youth are very few; therefore, conducting research on STIs in general and among youth in particular is an important input to design policy and strategy aimed at preventing and controlling the infections. Objectives: The objectives of the study were determining self reported prevalence of sexually transmitted Infections, and identifying fac tors associated with STIs among students of Wolaita Sodo University. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was employed among a total sample size of 447 students of Wolaita Sodo University from June to September 2011. Study subjects were selected using Stratified cluster sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Self-reported Syndromic approach was used to measure sexually transmitted Infections status. Logistic regression was used to model Odds Ratio, OR (95%CI). Result: This study was conducted among 309 (69.1%) male and 138 (30.9%) female students with response rate of more than 100%. Most of the students, 294 (65.8%), were first year, 178 (39.8%) were orthodox Christian, 241 (53.9%) were from rural place of previous residence and 421 (95.7%) were currently accommodated in the university. Self reported STIs prevalence in the past 12 months prior to the survey was 19.5% among students. Out of the 158(35.3%) students who were sexually active: 46.0% used condom infrequently, 24.8% had sex with causal sexual partners and 13.9% had sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers. Among 103 who reported the most recent STI syndrome, 43 (41.7%) study subjects had not got treatments for the syndrome they had. Students who had sexual contact with commercial sex workers in the last 12 months were at increased odds of developing sexually transmitted infections (Adjusted OR=4.7,95%CI: 1.2, 8.6). Conclusion: High prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) was obtained among university students who had risky sexual behaviors. Students had unreasonably poor treatment seeking behavior. The following specific recommendations are forwarded: Launching of recreational facilities and sexual and reproductive health service, abstinence and condom promotion interventions. The university should design reten tion facilities for students to limit them from sexual contact with commercial sex workers. Moreover, further studies to explore the predictor variables are highly recommended.

Small Scale Gold Mining And Heavy Metal Pollution: Assessment of Drinking Water Sources In Datuku In The Talensi-Nabdam District.

Abstract: Most people in rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa are poverty stricken. They support their livelihoods by the exploitation of natural resources in their vicinity which often result in environmental degradation. This study was carried out in Datuku in the Talensi-Nabdam District in the Upper East region of Ghana to assess the effect of small scale gold mining on the quality of drinking water in the community. Water quality was based on physico- chemical analysis of samples collected from water source in the community. A total of seventy-two water samples were collected from surface and ground water sources in the study area for a period of six months and analysed. Generally many of the parameters analysed wer e well within the World Health Organisation's (WHO) recommended limits for drinking water quality. pH ranged from 6.72 to 7.95 (7.3), conductivity ranged from 204 to 1565 µs/cm (666.5 µs/cm), chloride ranged from 8 to 113 mg/l (44.13 mg/l), sulfate ranged from 4.7 to 428 mg/l (39.81 mg/l) and 0 .018 to 19.41 mg/l (2.23 mg/l) for total iron. A few of the parameters were however, above WHO's limits. Turbidity, nitrate, cadmium, total iron, manganese and arsenic levels were higher than WHO's recommended limits for drinking water quality. Turbidity ranged from 1 to 447 NTU (55 NTU), nitrate ranged from 0.15 to 595 (47.1), cadmium ranged from 0.005 to 0.029 mg/l (0.014 mg/l), manganese ranged from 0.036 to 2.24 mg/l (0.66 mg/l) and 0.001 to 0.009 mg/l (0.003 mg/l) for arsenic.

Design Of An Off Grid Photovoltaic System: A Case Study Of Government Technical College, Wudil, Kano State

Abstract: Off-grid (stand-alone) photovoltaic (PV) systems have become widely adopted as reliable option of electrical energy generation. In this paper, the electrical energy demand (load) of the Government Technical College (GTC), Wudil Kano was estimated based on watt-hour energy demands. The estimated load is 48.787 kWh/ day. An off grid PV system was designed based on the estimated load. Based on the equipment selected for the design, 72 PV modules, 20 batteries, a voltage regulators and an inverter will be required to supply the electrical energy demand of the college. The proposed off-grid PV system requires copper wires of cross-sectional areas 1.22 mm2, 32 mm2and 3 mm2 for its installation. The cost estimate of the system is relatively high when compared to that of fossil fuel generator used by the college. The payback period of the system is estimated to be 2.8 years, which is obviously much shorter than the lifespan of the selected PV modules which is 30 years.

Priority Based Job Scheduling Techniques In Cloud Computing: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Cloud Computing is the use of computing resources (Hardware and Software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the internet) to the customers. It intends to share large scale equipments and resources for computation, storage, information and knowledge for scientific researches [1]. In cloud computing, there are many jobs requires to be executed by the available resources to achieve best performance, minimal total time for completion, shortest response time, utilization of resource usage and etc. Because of these different objectives and high performance of computing environment, we need to design, develop, propose a scheduling algorithm to outperform appropriate allocation map of jobs due to different factors. In job scheduling priority is the biggest issue because some jobs need to scheduled first then the other jobs which can wait for a long time. In this paper, a systematic review of various priority based job scheduling algorithms is presented. These algorithms have different perspective, working principles etc. This study concludes that all the existing techniques mainly focus on priority of jobs and reduces service response time and improving performance etc. There are many parameters that can be mentioned as factor of scheduling problem to be considered such as load balancing, system throughput, service reliability, service cost, service utilization and so forth.