International Journal of Stroke 

About: International Journal of Stroke is an academic journal published by SAGE Publishing. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Stroke & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 1747-4930. Over the lifetime, 2602 publications have been published receiving 68438 citations.

European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention.

Abstract: Stroke is a preventable disease. Primary prevention of stroke is often discussed in many forums; however, as neurologists and stroke physicians we are seldom at the forefront where political decisions are made. At the World Stroke Congress in Vienna 2008, Ruth Bonita (1) stated that population-based prevention is the most affordable. A large proportion of potential strokes will be reduced due to tobacco control, salt reduction, nutrition education and a reasonable level of physical activity. For high-risk individuals, pharmacological intervention further reduces stroke occurrence (2, 3). Prevention of stroke is closely related to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. A close collaboration between cardiologists and stroke physicians may strengthen the impact on politicians and health providers. The European guideline on cardiovascular disease prevention 2007 update is available at www.escardio.org and also as a pocket guideline. On an individual level, these guidelines (4) provide risk charts, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), predicting the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease including stroke deaths in the 40–65-year age group at given levels of blood pressure and cholesterol in women and men, smokers and nonsmokers. At www.heartscore.org the individual risk can be calculated for subjects still free of cardiovascular disease. The SCORE risk charts also include a relative risk chart for people o40 years at a low risk. Recommendations are given for a healthy lifestyle. Drug treatment is considered if the SCORE risk exceeds 5% per 10 years. The guidelines were developed by the European Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the European Stroke Initiative, now the European Stroke Organisation; the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation; the European Society of Hypertension; the International Society of Behavioural Medicine; the European Heart Network; the European Association for the Study of Diabetes; the European Atherosclerosis Society; the International Diabetes Federation Europe; and the European Society of General Practice/Family Medicine/WONCA.

Part I: frequency of depression after stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Abstract: BackgroundApproximately 15 million people who suffer a stroke globally each year are at risk of developing depression.AimTo update our systematic review and meta-analysis of the frequency of depres...

Oxidative stress and its role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke.

Abstract: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, with astronomical financial repercussions on health systems worldwide. Ischaemic stroke accounts for approximately 80-85% of all cases and is characterised by the disruption of cerebral blood flow and lack of oxygen to the affected area. Oxidative stress culminates due to an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants and consequent excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are biphasic, playing a role in normal physiological processes and are also implicated in a number of disease processes, whereby they mediate damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins, and DNA. The cerebral vasculature is a major target of oxidative stress playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic brain injury following a cerebrovascular attack. Superoxide, the primary reactive oxygen species, and its derivatives have been shown to cause vasodilatation via the opening of potassium channels and altered vascular reactivity, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and focal destructive lesions in animal models of ischaemic stroke. However, reactive oxygen species are involved in normal physiological processes including cell signalling, induction of mitogenesis, and immune defence. Primarily, this review will focus on the cellular and vascular aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation and their role in the pathogenesis of ischaemia-reperfusion phenomena. Secondly, the proposed mechanisms of oxidative stress-related neuronal death will be reflected upon and in summation specific targeted neuroprotective therapies targetting oxidative stress and their role in the pathogenesis of stroke will be discussed.

Agreed definitions and a shared vision for new standards in stroke recovery research: The Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable taskforce:

Abstract: The first Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable established a game changing set of new standards for stroke recovery research. Common language and definitions were required to develop an agreed framework spanning the four working groups: translation of basic science, biomarkers of stroke recovery, measurement in clinical trials and intervention development and reporting. This paper outlines the working definitions established by our group and an agreed vision for accelerating progress in stroke recovery research.

European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract: Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounted for 9% to 27% of all strokes worldwide in the last decade, with high early case fatality and poor functional outcome In view of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the management of ICH, the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) has updated its evidence-based guidelines for the management of ICH Method A multidisciplinary writing committee of 24 researchers from 11 European countries identified 20 questions relating to ICH management and created recommendations based on the evidence in RCTs using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach Results We found moderate- to high-quality evidence to support strong recommendations for managing patients with acute ICH on an acute stroke unit, avoiding hemostatic therapy for acute ICH not associated with antithrombotic drug use, avoiding graduated compression stockings, using intermittent pneumatic compression in immobile patients, and using blood pressure lowering for secondary prevention We found moderate-quality evidence to support weak recommendations for intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure to <140 mmHg within six-hours of ICH onset, early surgery for patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale score 9‐12, and avoidance of corticosteroids Conclusion These guidelines inform the management of ICH based on evidence for the effects of treatments in RCTs Outcome after ICH remains poor, prioritizing further RCTs of interventions to improve outcome