Showing papers in "International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 1987"
6,807 citations
TL;DR: Twenty-five phenotypically and genotypically similar strains of a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium were isolated from 10 plant disease sources, and the name Xylella fastidiosa is proposed, establishing a new genus with one species in the gamma subgroup of the eubacteria.
Abstract: Twenty-five phenotypically and genotypically similar strains of a fastidious, xylem-limited bacterium were isolated from 10 plant disease sources including Pierce's disease of grapevines, phony disease of peach, periwinkle wilt, and leaf scorches of almond, plum, elm, sycamore, oak, and mulberry. The cells were single (occasionally filamentous), nonmotile, aflagellate straight rods (0.25 to 0.35 by 0.9 to 3.5 μm). They were gram negative, catalase positive, and oxidase negative, utilized hippurate, and produced gelatinase and often beta-lactamase but not beta-galactosidase, coagulase, lipase, amylase, phosphatase, indole, or H2S. The bacteria were strict aerobes with optimum growth at 26 to 28°C and pH 6.5 to 6.9 and had doubling times of 0.45 to 1.98 days in periwinkle wilt broth. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the Pierce's disease bacterium reacted with all strains. DNA composition was 51 to 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine, and strains were at least 85% related in DNA hybridization. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid related them to the xanthomonads. These bacteria form a distinct group, and the name Xylella fastidiosa is proposed, establishing a new genus with one species in the gamma subgroup of the eubacteria. Strain PCE-RR (ATCC 35879) is designated as the type strain.
525 citations
TL;DR: It is requested that the type species of the genus Salmonella beSalmonella enterica sp.
Abstract: Since the publication of the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, the type species of the genus Salmonella has been S. choleraesuis. At the time of publication of the Approved Lists, five Salmonella species had standing in the nomenclature, and the description of S. choleraesuis was the same as that of the serotype of that name. Several studies have shown that the genus Salmonella consists of only one species, and the strict application of the Bacteriological Code would recognize S. choleraesuis (the type species) as the single Salmonella species. This can lead to confusion and hazards since the specific epithet is also the name of a serovar (serovar Choleraesuis). This confusion is increased by the common practice of using serovar names as if they represented species names (e.g., S. typhi, S. choleraesuis, and S. typhimurium). Some serovars (e.g., Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar Typhi) are highly pathogenic and cause a disease different from that caused by other serovars (e.g. S. choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar Choleraesuis). To avoid further confusion, it is proposed to use for the single Salmonella species a name which has not been used earlier for a serotype. It is thus requested that the type species of the genus Salmonella be Salmonella enterica sp. nov., nom. rev. with strain CIP 60.62 (a H2S-producing clone of strain LT2) as the type strain. Since the name S. choleraesuis is not proposed for rejection, bacteriologists who do not accept the single species concept of the genus Salmonella will be free to use the name S. choleraesuis as a synonym of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Choleraesuis.
288 citations
TL;DR: Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness confirmed the validity of Leptospira parva and Leptonema illini and revealed at least five new species among the parasitic serovars formerly included in Leptosphereira interrogans and two newspecies among the saprophytic serovar formerly including in LePTospira biflexa.
Abstract: Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 55 and 70°C) was used to characterize 38 serovars from 22 named serogroups of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa, 6 serovars from 4 new unnamed serogroups of Leptospira interrogans, and single serovars of the proposed species Leptospira parva and Leptonema illini. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness confirmed the validity of Leptospira parva and Leptonema illini. The well-accepted species Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa, as currently defined, were extremely heterogeneous. Relatedness results revealed at least five new species among the parasitic serovars formerly included in Leptospira interrogans and two new species among the saprophytic serovars formerly included in Leptospira biflexa. Serogrouping did not equate with species identification, as serovars from several different subserogroups belonged to different species. The new species named in this paper are Leptospira, noguchii, Leptospira weilii, Leptospira santarosai, Leptospira borgpetersenii, Leptospira meyeri, Leptospira wolbachii, and Leptospira inadai.
277 citations
TL;DR: Among the nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth in salt-affected soils in the Punjab region of Pakistan, a homogeneous group of eight diazotrophs is found, clearly distinct from Azospirillum amazonense, AzospIRillum lipoferum, and Azospurillum brasilense.
Abstract: Among the nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth in salt-affected soils in the Punjab region of Pakistan, we found a homogeneous group of eight diazotrophs. Cells are vibrioid to S shaped, are motile by one polar flagellum, and produce granules of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. They have a respiratory type of metabolism, show microaerophilic growth when fixing nitrogen, grow well on salts of organic acids, and can also use fructose and mannitol. On nitrogen-free semisolid media, they require biotin, utilize mannitol, but not glucose or sucrose, and cannot acidify glucose aerobically or anaerobically. Optimal growth occurs at 0.25% NaCl and 41°C. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) hybridizations show that the organisms belong to the Azospirillum rRNA branch, where they cluster together with Azospirillum amazonense. They form a phenotypically and protein electrophoretically homogeneous group of bacteria, clearly distinct from Azospirillum amazonense, Azospirillum lipoferum, and Azospirillum brasilense. As no DNA-DNA binding was found with any of the three Azospirillum species, we propose a fourth Azospirillum species for this group of isolates. Because of better growth at increased NaCl concentrations, we named the new species Azospirillum halopraeferens. Strain Au 4 (= LMG 7108) is the type strain, which has been deposited at the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany, as DSM 3675.
273 citations
TL;DR: The present study showed that the majority of the poultry strains could be allocated to the species Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus divergens, and LactOBacillus piscicola, and the two unidentified poultry taxa should be classified in a new genus, Carnobacterium, as Carnobacteria diverGens comb.
Abstract: Biochemical and chemical studies were performed on some atypical lactobacilli from chicken meat in an attempt to clarify their taxonomy. The present study showed that the majority of the poultry strains could be allocated to the species Brochothrix thermosphacta, Lactobacillus divergens, and Lactobacillus piscicola. The majority of the remaining poultry strains fell into two distinct groups which were worthy of separate species status. Lactobacillus carnis was found to be a member of the species L. piscicola. On the basis of biochemical, physiological, and chemical criteria, we suggest that L. divergens, L. piscicola, and the two unidentified poultry taxa be classified in a new genus, Carnobacterium, as Carnobacterium divergens comb. nov., Carnobacterium piscicola comb. nov., Carnobacterium gallinarum sp. nov., and Carnobacterium mobile sp. nov. The type strains of C. gallinarum and C. mobile are NCFB 2766T and NCFB 2765T, respectively.
228 citations
TL;DR: The strains in the three species could be differentiated on the basis of carbon compound assimilation patterns, cellular fatty acid composition, and DNA base composition and it is proposed that pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas testosteroni be transferred to the genus Comamonas.
Abstract: We examined 36 strains of Pseudomonas acidovorans, Pseudomonas testosteroni, and Comamonas terrigena on the basis of phenotypic characters, chemotaxonomic characters, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology. Strains of these three species share many phenotypic characteristics; these organisms exhibit higher levels of DNA-DNA homology and higher levels of electrophoretic enzyme pattern similarity within the three species than with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains in the three species could be differentiated on the basis of carbon compound assimilation patterns, cellular fatty acid composition, and DNA base composition. We propose that Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas testosteroni be transferred to the genus Comamonas, as Comamonas acidovorans comb. nov. and Comamonas testosteroni comb, nov., respectively.
193 citations
TL;DR: The name “Bacillus amyloliquefaciens” Fukomoto 1943 was not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and has been validly published since 1 January 1980; hence, it has lost standing in bacterial nomenclature.
Abstract: The name “Bacillus amyloliquefaciens” Fukomoto 1943 was not included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and has not been validly published since 1 January 1980; hence, it has lost standing in bacterial nomenclature. The taxon to which this name is applied is a distinct entity, and it can be distinguished from other named species of Bacillus. Consequently, the name Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is revived for the same organism to which the name originally referred. The type strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is strain ATCC 23350.
185 citations
TL;DR: Tests useful for the identification of Enterococcus strains were applied to a collection of isolates from animal intestines and to reference strains, all of which were capable of growth on 40% bile and in 6.5% NaCI.
Abstract: Tests useful for the identification of Enterococcus strains were applied to a collection of isolates from animal intestines and to reference strains, all of which were capable of growth on 40% bile and in 6.5% NaCI. Most strains could be identified as known species, and their characteristics corresponded, with a few exceptions of minor importance, with those described for Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus avium, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. However, some diagnostically important carbohydrate reactions of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains differed from those given in the species descriptions and in recent reports. Production of acid from d-raffinose andd-xylose by E. faecium varied with the host species from which the strains were isolated. E. durans and E. gallinarum were isolated only from poultry, whereas E. avium was found only in mammals.
176 citations
TL;DR: A nonobligate, bacterial predator of bacteria in soil, a gram-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, short rod that multiplies by binary fission, which is highly resistant to copper, and its growth initiation is strongly stimulated by copper.
Abstract: A nonobligate, bacterial predator of bacteria in soil is described. It was previously designated as strain N-1. It is a gram-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, short rod that multiplies by binary fission. It is motile and has peritrichous flagella. It has simple nutritive requirements when not acting as a predator. Glucose is not utilized as a carbon source. Instead, it uses fructose or any of several amino acids. As a predator, it attacks both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including certain other nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria in soil. It is highly resistant to copper, and its growth initiation is strongly stimulated by copper. Copper has no effect on the cellular multiplication that occurs after growth has initiated. A new genus, Cupriavidus, is proposed for this bacterium. The type species is Cupriavidus necator sp. nov., and strain N-1 (ATCC 43291) is the type strain of this species.
130 citations
TL;DR: A new genus, Methylophilus, and species of restricted facultative methanol-utilizing bacteria are described, aerobic gram-negative rods that occur singly and in pairs that may be used as the sole carbon and energy source.
Abstract: A new genus, Methylophilus, and species of restricted facultative methanol-utilizing bacteria are described. These bacteria are aerobic gram-negative rods that occur singly and in pairs. In addition to methanol and glucose, a limited range of other carbon compounds including fructose and methylamines may be used as the sole carbon and energy source. The fatty acid composition is primarily of the nonhydroxylated straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated types. The major isoprenoid quinone components are ubiquinones with eight isoprene units. The major polar lipid components are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 50 to 53 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The name of the genus proposed for these bacteria is Methylophilus gen. nov. The name of the type species is Methylophilus methylotrophus sp. nov. The type strain is AS1 (= NCIB 10515).
TL;DR: Cloned deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments, derived from a cosmid library of a Florida isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Abstract: Cloned deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments, derived from a cosmid library of a Florida isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri 3041 were used to detect restriction fragment-length polymorphism among 93 strains of X. campestris, which make up 26 pathovars. DNA clones were radiolabeled and hybridized against Southern blot transfers of genomic DNAs of different strains of X. campestris digested with restriction endonucleases. Autoradiographs for DNA clones probed against genomic DNA revealed hybridization profiles which appeared to be highly conserved and unique for each pathovar tested. As a species, the population structure of X. campestris appeared basically clonal. Variability appeared to depend on the DNA probe used; some probes represented DNA loci which were highly variable, and some represented DNA loci which were highly conserved at the species level. By using more than one DNA probe, or by digesting the genomic DNAs with different restriction endonucleases, we were able to differentiate all of the strains of X. campestris described as belonging to a given pathovar. Differences among the pathovars were also confirmed by pathogenicity experiments on plants. Some phytopathogenic strains isolated from plants not previously described as susceptible to X. campestris could be grouped as being related to previously described pathovars.
TL;DR: Nucleic acid and biochemical studies demonstrated that Strains presently designated L.pentosus represent a distinct taxon worthy of separate specific status and it is formally proposed that the species L. pentosus be revived.
Abstract: The species Lactobacillus pentosus was omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Nucleic acid and biochemical studies demonstrated that Strains presently designated L. pentosus represent a distinct taxon worthy of separate specific status. It is therefore formally proposed that the species L. pentosus be revived. The type strain of L. pentosus is NCDO 363.
TL;DR: Chemotaxonomic analysis of cells of StrePTomyces erythraeus NRRL 2338 revealed that this strain is not a representative of the genus Streptomyces because the cell walls contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose.
Abstract: Chemotaxonomic analysis of cells of Streptomyces erythraeus NRRL 2338, the type strain of the species, revealed that this strain is not a representative of the genus Streptomyces because the cell walls contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose. I propose that this strain be transferred to the genus Saccharopolyspora Lacey and Goodfellow 1975 as the type strain of a new species, Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The new species Saccharopolyspora erythraea is described, and strain NRRL 2338 (= ATCC 11635 = ISP 5517) is designated the type strain. The description of Streptomyces erythraeus is amended, and a neotype strain, strain NRRL B-5616 (= IMRU 3737), is proposed for this species. A new subspecies of Saccharopolyspora, Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. taberi, is also described.
TL;DR: The results support the unification of these streptococci into a single species: S. anginosus and S. constellatus were genetically similar.
Abstract: Streptococci that produced acetoin and alkaline phosphatase, hydrolyzed arginine, and fermented trehalose but did not produce pyrrolidonylarylamidase or β-glucuronidase, split hippurate, or ferment ribose or glycogen were collected and compared. These streptococci were considered members of the unapproved species “Streptococcus milleri,” but most of them would fit the description of one of three approved species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, or Streptococcus intermedius. Most were recent clinical isolates. Some hydrolyzed esculin and fermented lactose, while others did not. Some fermented mannitol and raffinose. Many were beta-hemolytic, and several reacted to antiserum of Lancefield group A, C, F, or G. From a total of 111 strains, 40 were selected for comparison of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base sequence similarities by DNA-DNA hybridization on membrane filters. All biotypes, hemolytic types, and serotypes were included, as well as the type strains of S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermedius, and Lancefield group F Streptococcus sp., plus two strains derived from Guthof's “S. milleri” isolates. The results showed considerable genetic similarity within the group. DNA from most strains hybridized at a level of 70% or more of the homologous control, even under very stringent conditions. There was somewhat less homology between DNAs of some of the least reactive strains (lactose, mannitol, and esculin negative) and the most reactive strains (lactose, mannitol, and esculin positive). The Lancefield F strain and the type strains of S. anginosus and S. constellatus were genetically similar. Traits such as hemolysis and lactose fermentation could not be ascribed to plasmids. The results support the unification of these streptococci into a single species.
TL;DR: The new species is proposed, based on the characteristics of 29 strains of halotolerant, nonpigmented bacteria isolated from an Antarctic, hypersaline, meromictic lake, and has the following distinguishing features: cytochrome oxidase positive, no growth at 37°C, and glucose and other sugars are not utilized for growth.
Abstract: Halomonas subglaciescola sp. nov. is proposed, based on the characteristics of 29 strains of halotolerant, nonpigmented bacteria isolated from an Antarctic, hypersaline, meromictic lake. These strains and three reference strains of halotolerant bacteria were tested for 92 attributes. The data were analyzed by numerical taxonomic procedures. The new isolates did not cluster with the three reference strains, which included the type strain of Halomonas elongata. However, some of the isolates did share the following attributes which are characteristic of members of the genus Halomonas: a guanine-plus-cytosine content of 60.9 ± 1.0 to 62.9 ± 0.7 mol%, halotolerancse, largely oxidative mode of metabolism, motility, and peritrichous flagellation. The following are distinguishing features of the new species: cytochrome oxidase positive, no growth at 37°C, and glucose and other sugars are not utilized for growth. The type strain is strain ACAM 12 (= UQM 2926). The species has two biovars; biovar I contains motile strains and is represented by the type strain, and biovar II contains nonmotile strains and is represented by strain ACAM 21 (= UQM 2927).
TL;DR: Hybridizations were performed between labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acids from Brucella abortus ATCC 23448T(T = type strain) and from several other organisms on the one hand and deoxyribonucleics acids from type and representative BrucellA strains and from many other gram-negative organisms onThe other hand.
Abstract: Hybridizations were performed between labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acids from Brucella abortus ATCC 23448T(T = type strain) and from several other organisms on the one hand and deoxyribonucleic acids from type and representative Brucella strains and from many other gram-negative organisms on the other hand. Brucella forms a tight cluster, with deoxyribonucleic acid homologies close to 100%; its closest neighbors are CDC group Vd, followed by Phyllobacterium. This Brucella ribosomal ribonucleic acid branch links most closely at about 73.1°C Tm(e)
with the Agrobacterium-Rhizobium cluster, which is itself a member of ribosomal ribonucleic acid superfamily IV. The deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of Brucella strains range from 57.9 to 59.2 mol% guanine plus cytosine; the average genome molecular weights of the six species range from 2.37 × 109to 2.82 × 109.
TL;DR: An aerobic, gram-negative bacterium that causes seedling blight of rice was isolated from diseased rice seedlings and bed soil in nursery boxes in Chiba and Niigata Prefectures, Japan and a new species, Pseudomonas plantarii sp.
Abstract: An aerobic, gram-negative bacterium that causes seedling blight of rice was isolated from diseased rice seedlings and bed soil in nursery boxes in Chiba and Niigata Prefectures, Japan. The cells are nonsporeforming and nonencapsulated straight rods (0.7 to 1.0 by 1.4 to 1.9 μm) that occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains and are motile with one to three polar flagella. The bacterium displays the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas and can be clearly differentiated from Pseudomonas glumae and Pseudomonas avenae, which are known to cause seedling diseases in rice grown in nursery boxes, and from other bacteria. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 64.8 mol% guanine plus cytosine. A new species, Pseudomonas plantarii sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NIAES 1723 (JCM 5492, AZ 8201). All strains of the new species produce the disease-causing substance tropolone (a nonbenzenoid aromatic compound with a seven-membered ring) and a reddish brown pigment which was considered to be a derivative of the substance.
TL;DR: Obligately endosymbiotic bacteria living in the cytoplasm of ciliates of the genus Euplotes constitute the new genus Polynucleobacter gen. nov, and the best-studied form, as well as the type species, is omicron from stock 15 of EUplotes aediculatus.
Abstract: Obligately endosymbiotic bacteria living in the cytoplasm of ciliates of the genus Euplotes constitute the new genus Polynucleobacter gen. nov. These endosymbionts are commonly known as omicron and omicronlike particles. The best-studied form, as well as the type species, is omicron from stock 15 of Euplotes aediculatus. We propose the name Polynucleobacter necessarius gen. nov., sp. nov., for this bacterium.
TL;DR: The results of the present study indicate that these strains belong to one species, namely, S. suis (ex Elliott) nom.
Abstract: Chemotaxonomic and deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies were carried out on various “Streptococcus suis” strains to clarify their taxonomic position. The results of the present study indicate that these strains belong to one species, namely, S. suis (ex Elliott) nom. rev. Strain NCTC 10234 is proposed as the type strain.
TL;DR: A new genus is described, Oligella, containing two species: Oliglla urethralis (to accommodate Moraxella urethRALis) and Oligela ureolytica ( to accommodate CDC group IVe strains).
Abstract: The taxonomic relationships of Moraxella urethralis, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group IVe, Taylorella equigenitalis, and other gram-negative bacteria were studied by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins, and serological, biochemical, and auxanographic analyses. A high relationship was detected between M. urethralis and the CDC group IVe strains. However, no relationship of M. urethralis and CDC group IVe with genuine Moraxella species was observed. We describe a new genus, Oligella, containing two species: Oligella urethralis (to accommodate Moraxella urethralis) and Oligella ureolytica (to accommodate CDC group IVe strains). The type species is Oligella urethralis, with type strain ATCC 17960T. The type strain of Oligella ureolytica is CDC C379 (ATCC 43534, CCUG 1465, LMG 6519). Oligella is a member of rRNA superfamily III, containing, e.g., the Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas solanacearum complexes and Chromobacterium, Janthinobacterium, and Neisseria species. The closest relatives of Oligella species are Taylorella equigenitalis and the Alcaligenaceae family.
TL;DR: There was a strong similarity between the 54 isolates and four reference strains of V. costicola that were isolated from cured meats and on the basis of these and other molecular data, an amended description of this species is proposed.
Abstract: A total of 54 moderately halophilic vibrios, which were isolated from several salterns located in different areas of Spain, were examined by using a wide range of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and nutritional tests. The resulting data, together with data for four reference Vibrio costicola strains including the type strain V. costicola NCMB 701, and other marine species that were similarly examined, were compared by using several numerical taxonomic methods. There was a strong similarity between the 54 isolates and four reference strains of V. costicola that were isolated from cured meats. On the basis of these and other molecular data, including guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid and the plasmid content, we propose an amended description of this species.
TL;DR: The wasabi bacterium induced soft rot on slices of various vegetables, such as wasabi rhizomes, potato tubers, and carrot and radish roots, on midribs of chinese cabbage and intact wasabi, and on tomato and tobacco plants, but not on rice, corn, or chrysanthemum.
Abstract: A gram-negative bacterium with peritrichous flagella isolated from internally discolored rhizomes of Japanese horseradish, Eutrema wasabi Maxim. (Japanese common name, wasabi), was compared with other soft rot Erwinia spp. The wasabi bacterium induced soft rot on slices of various vegetables, such as wasabi rhizomes, potato tubers, and carrot and radish roots, on midribs of chinese cabbage and intact wasabi, and on tomato and tobacco plants, but not on rice, corn, or chrysanthemum. Although this bacterium was more similar to Erwinia carotovora than to Erwinia chrysanthemi in physiological and biochemical properties, it differed from E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum in being negative in the o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside test, curd formation and peptonization of litmus milk, growth in yeast extract-peptone broth containing 0.075% KCN or 5% NaCI, growth at 36°C, and fermentation of lactose, raffinose, and melibiose. This bacterium also differed in having a 24-h lag in galactose fermentation, rapid fermentation of trehalose, and different serological properties. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of deoxyribonucleic acid was 51.4 to 51.7 mol%. Such significant differences warranted the designation of the wasabi bacterium as a new subspecies of E. carotovora, and the name Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae subsp. nov. is proposed. Strain SR91 (=ATCC 43316, and PDDCC 9121) is designated the type strain.
TL;DR: API 20E and API 50CHE systems were applied to a total of 529 strains, including 421 strains belonging to 21 different Erwinia species, 66 Enterobacter agglomerans strains, 18 Escherichia adecarboxylata strains, and 24 strains of 16 other enterobacteria, confirming the heterogeneous taxonomic structure of the genus ErwinIA.
Abstract: API 20E and API 50CHE systems (72 phenotypic tests) were applied to a total of 529 strains, including 421 strains belonging to 21 different Erwinia species, 66 Enterobacter agglomerans strains, 18 Escherichia adecarboxylata strains, and 24 strains of 16 other enterobacteria. The results were analyzed numerically by using the Gower similarity coefficient and the unweighted average linkage method. The named Erwinia strains were distributed over 27 phena, some of which also contained strains received as Enterobacter agglomerans. Strains of Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia cypripedii, Erwinia mallotivora, Erwinia nigrifluens, Erwinia paradisiaca, Erwinia quercina, Erwinia rubrifaciens, Erwinia salicis, Erwinia stewartii, and Escherichia adecarboxylata constitute separate phena. Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi, and Erwinia rhapontici are heterogeneous, but distinct from each other and from the other phena. The type strains of Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Erwinia milletiae fall into one phenon, and strains of Erwinia ananas and Erwinia uredovora are in a single phenon. Obviously misnamed Erwinia herbicola and Enterobacter agglomerans strains can be assigned to other species, such as Erwinia cypripedii, Erwinia ananas, Erwinia rhapontici, Rahnella aquatilis, Enterobacter sakazakii, Escherichia adecarboxylata, and Serratia marcescens or to as-yet-unnamed phena. Three Erwinia carnegieana strains, but not the type strain, form one phenon. Erwinia dissolvens and Erwinia nimipressuralis should be allocated to Enterobacter. Our results confirm the heterogeneous taxonomic structure of the genus Erwinia.
TL;DR: With the exception of serine, which could be catabolized as the sole carbon source, either peptone or yeast extract was essential for the fermentation of carbohydrates including glucose, maltose, mannose, xylan, starch, and pyruvate.
Abstract: Clostridium fervidus sp. nov. was isolated from a hot spring in New Zealand. The cells were strictly anaerobic, gram negative, sporeforming, and sluggishly motile rods (0.65 to 0.75 μ wide and 2 to 3 μm long). The spherical spores were subterminal to terminal and did not distend the sporangium. Lysis of the culture occurred at the onset of stationary phase. The deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine content was 39 mol%. The temperature optimum was 68°C (range, > 37 and 5.5 and < 9.0). Growth occurred on Trypticase peptone (BBL Microbiology Systems) or yeast extract. However, with the exception of serine, which could be catabolized as the sole carbon source, either peptone or yeast extract was essential for the fermentation of carbohydrates including glucose, maltose, mannose, xylan, starch, and pyruvate. Acetate was always the major fermentation end product. CO2, H2, and minor quantitites of valerate, butyrate, ethanol, and lactate were also produced. C. fervidus (type strain Rt4-B1T) has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 43204).
TL;DR: The isolation and characteristics of Methanosarcina barkeri MST(DSM 800T), accomplished in 1966 by Marvin P. Bryant, are described.
Abstract: The isolation and characteristics of Methanosarcina barkeri MST(DSM 800T), accomplished in 1966 by Marvin P. Bryant, are described.
TL;DR: This organism is described here as a new species belonging to the genus Thermus, namely, Thermus filiformis, based on ultrastructural, phenotypic, and anomalous Gram type characteristics.
Abstract: In a preliminary investigation the isolation of a caldoactive filamentous microorganism from a New Zealand hot spring was reported. This organism is described here as a new species belonging to the genus Thermus, namely, Thermus filiformis, based on ultrastructural, phenotypic, and anomalous Gram type characteristics. The cell wall of T. filiformis resembles that of Thermus aquaticus apart from the presence of an extra layer. The Thermus species tested, including T. filiformis, are negative for the aminopeptidase test, which is unusual for a gram-negative genus. T. filiformis is nonproteolytic, unlike most other Thermus strains, and also differs radically from other strains in morphology when it is observed by using phase-contrast microscopy. The single strain of the species has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 43280T (T = type strain).
TL;DR: The new genus and new combination Flavimonas oryzihabitans is proposed for this organism, which is rod shaped, aerobic, gram negative, yellow pigmented, motile by a single polar flagellum, and saccharolytic, but they do not produce cytochrome oxidase.
Abstract: Pseudomonas luteola Kodama et al. 1985 is a senior subjective synonym of Chryseomonas polytricha Holmes et al. 1986 (formerly group Ve-1). The type strain of P. luteola (JCM 3352) was 78% related to the type strain of C. polytricha (NCTC 11843). We propose the new combination Chryseomonas luteola for this organism. For Pseudomonas oryzihabitans Kodama et al. 1985 (formerly group Ve-2) we propose the new genus and new combination Flavimonas oryzihabitans. We were in the process of proposing a scientific name for group Ve-2 on the basis of an examination of 19 strains when the description of P. oryzihabitans was published. We have included the type strain of P. oryzihabitans for comparison and here present our results for all 20 strains. Each of the 20 strains was examined for 129 characteristics, including reactions in 58 enzyme tests (API ZYM system). These bacteria are rod shaped, aerobic, gram negative, yellow pigmented, motile by a single polar flagellum, and saccharolytic, but they do not produce cytochrome oxidase. The mean guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of three representative strains was 63.6 ± 1.6 mol%. The deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of 11 strains of group Ve-2 to the strain we would have proposed as the type strain, CL162/81 (= NCTC 11850), averaged 93% (hydroxyapatite method, 70°C). The type strain of P. oryzihabitans (JCM 2952) was 93% related to CL162/81. The relatedness of CL162/81 to the respective type strains of the five major ribosomal ribonucleic acid hybridization groups of the genus Pseudomonas and to the type strain of C. polytricha (formerly group Ve-1) was 5% or less. All strains, except the type strain, of F. oryzihabitans were isolated from human clinical specimens.
TL;DR: Xanthomonas ampelina was found to be a totally separate subbranch in ribosomal ribonucleic acid superfamily III, without any relatives at the generic level, and is proposed to be transferred to a new genus, Xylophilus.
Abstract: Thirty-four strains of Xanthomonas ampelina, the causal agent of bacterial necrosis of grape vines, were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their cellular proteins and by numerical analysis of 106 enzymatic features (API systems). These organisms formed a very homogeneous taxon. Generic and suprageneric relationships were determined by hybridizations between 23S 14C-labeled ribosomal ribonucleic acid from Xanthomonas ampelina NCPPB 2217T (T = type strain) and deoxyribonucleic acids from eight Xanthomonas ampelina strains, Xanthomonas campestris NCPPB 528T, and the type strains of 16 possibly related species. Xanthomonas ampelina was found to be a totally separate subbranch in ribosomal ribonucleic acid superfamily III, without any relatives at the generic level. It is not related to the genus Xanthomonas. Genetically its closest relatives are, among others, Pseudomonas acidovorans, Alcaligenes paradoxus, and Comamonas terrigena. We propose the transfer of Xanthomonas ampelina to a new genus, Xylophilus. The only species and thus the type species is Xylophilus ampelinus. The type strain is NCPPB 2217.