Showing papers in "International Studies in The Philosophy of Science in 2019"
TL;DR: It is argued that, although the Russo–Williamson thesis conflicts with the tenets of present-day evidence-based medicine (EBM), it offers a better causal epistemology than that provided by present- day EBM because it better explains two key aspects of causal discovery.
Abstract: Russo and Williamson [2007. “Interpreting Causality in the Health Sciences.” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 21: 157–170] put forward the following thesis: in order to establish ...
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a growing interest in adopting a model-based approach both in general reflection on science and in specific scientific disciplines has been expressed. Yet, there are still ling...
Abstract: During the last decades, there has been a growing interest in adopting a model-based approach both in general reflection on science and in specific scientific disciplines. Yet, there are still ling...
13 citations
TL;DR: Schurz as discussed by the authors is an attempt to solve Hume's problem of induction by techniques developed in computational learning theory, and it advances two major theses of negation and negation.
Abstract: Gerhard Schurz’s new book is an ambitious attempt to solve Hume’s problem of induction by techniques developed in computational learning theory. The book advances two major theses. The first is neg...
13 citations
TL;DR: The term "Greek miracle" is a controversial historiographical tool often employed in histories of ancient mathematics to signify the transition from the pre-Hellenic algorithmic practices to the Gr...
Abstract: The term ‘Greek miracle’ is a controversial historiographical tool often employed in histories of ancient mathematics to signify the transition from the pre-Hellenic algorithmic practices to the Gr...
13 citations
TL;DR: The conclusion is that climate models can be considered reliable for some qualitative gross features and some long-term tendencies of the climate system as well as for quantitative aspects of some smaller-scale mechanisms.
Abstract: The paper discusses modelling uncertainties in climate models and how they can be addressed based on physical principles as well as based on how the models perform in light of empirical data. We ar...
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a philosophical framework for the demarcation of pseudoscience is developed, based on the metacriterion of the metamodel, and discussed in depth, considering an approach to t...
Abstract: In this article, I develop a philosophical framework, or ‘metacriterion’, for the demarcation of pseudoscience. Firstly, ‘gradualist demarcation’ is discussed in depth, considering an approach to t...
8 citations
TL;DR: In Darwinian Population and Natural Selection, Peter Godfrey-Smith brought the topic of natural selection back to the forefront of philosophy of biology, highlighting different issues surrounding t....
Abstract: In Darwinian Population and Natural Selection, Peter Godfrey-Smith brought the topic of natural selection back to the forefront of philosophy of biology, highlighting different issues surrounding t...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors improve upon a definition of pseudoscience put forward by Sven Ove Hansson and argue that not only does its use of "pseudoscientific statement" as definiendum inadequately...
Abstract: In this article, I seek to improve upon a definition of pseudoscience put forward by Sven Ove Hansson. I argue that not only does its use of ‘pseudoscientific statement’ as definiendum inadequately...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an interdisciplinary science that is primarily concerned with developing interventions to achieve sustainable ecological and economic systems is presented. But, while ecological economists are concerned with development interventions, they are not concerned with sustainable economic systems.
Abstract: Ecological economics is an interdisciplinary science that is primarily concerned with developing interventions to achieve sustainable ecological and economic systems. While ecological economists ha...
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Moti Mizrahi argues that the view of progress as approximation to the truth is not enough, and that getting closer to truth is insufficient to achieve progress.
Abstract: In a recent paper in this journal, entitled ‘Scientific Progress: Why Getting Closer to Truth is Not Enough’ (2017), Moti Mizrahi argues that the view of progress as approximation to the tr...
3 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines how problems of validity in empirical social research differ from those in natural science, focusing on how some ontological peculiarities of the object of study affect the validity of social research.
Abstract: This article examines how problems of validity in empirical social research differ from those in natural science. Specifically, we focus on how some ontological peculiarities of the object of study...
TL;DR: For instance, the authors wrote that "Human nature is potentially aggressive and destructive and potentially orderly and constructive" and made this remark while reflecting on the culture of "aggressive and destructive" individuals.
Abstract: Margaret Mead wrote that ‘Human nature is potentially aggressive and destructive and potentially orderly and constructive’ ([1942] 2000, 134). She made this remark while reflecting on the culture o...
TL;DR: The authors distinguish between confirmation simpliciter and selective confirmation, and show that the Paradox of the Ravens can be answered by a simplification of the process of confirmation simplici-ticiter.
Abstract: Philosophers such as Goodman (1954), Scheffler (1963) and Glymour (1983) aim to answer the Paradox of the Ravens by distinguishing between confirmation simpliciter and selective confirmation. The l...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some puzzling cases regarding knowledge and its relation to rational credence, which seem to entail a failure of an apparently correct principle: (a) if S knows P, then the epistemic justi...
Abstract: I present some puzzling cases regarding knowledge and its relation to rational credence. They seem to entail a failure of an apparently correct principle: (a) if S knows P, then the epistemic justi...
TL;DR: Stuart Glennan's early work on mechanisms (Glennan 1996, 2002) pre-dates seminal publications on mechanisms and mechanistic explanations in philosophy of science (e.g. Machamer, Darden, and Craver...).
Abstract: Stuart Glennan’s early work on mechanisms (Glennan 1996, 2002) pre-dates seminal publications on mechanisms and mechanistic explanations in philosophy of science (e.g. Machamer, Darden, and Craver ...
TL;DR: Kripke's theory of partial truth offers a natural solution of the Liar paradox and an appealing explanation of why Liar sentence seems to lack definite content It seems vulnerable, however, to
Abstract: Kripke's theory of partial truth offers a natural solution of the Liar paradox and an appealing explanation of why the Liar sentence seems to lack definite content It seems vulnerable, however, to
TL;DR: In this article, Ekeberg's book resembles the recent collection of essays edited by David Rose, Experimental Metaphysics Rose (2017), however, the present book is neither...
Abstract: Already from the title, one may think that Ekeberg’s book resembles the recent collection of essays edited by David Rose, Experimental Metaphysics Rose (2017). However, the present book is neither ...
TL;DR: In Praise of Natural Philosophy as mentioned in this paper is a unique book that attempts to explain the relationship between three disciplines: philosophy, natural philosophy, and natural science. The approach that Nicholas S.
Abstract: In Praise of Natural Philosophy is a unique book that attempts to explain the relationship between three disciplines: philosophy, natural philosophy, and natural science. The approach that Nicholas...