Showing papers in "journal of applied pharmaceutical science in 2016"
TL;DR: In this paper, a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using photodiode array detector with gradient elution has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of ascorbic acid, free phenolic acids and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, myrecetin and apigenin and Kaempferol) in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves of viz. Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis, collected from North-eastern region in India.
Abstract: A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using photodiode array detector with gradient elution has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of ascorbic acid , free phenolic acids and flavonoids (catechin, rutin , quercetin, myrecetin, apigenin and Kaempferol) in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves of viz. Sonchus arvensis and Oenanthe linearis, collected from North-eastern region in India . The chromatographic separation was carried out on Acclaim C 18 column (5 μm particle size, 250 x 4.6 mm) , Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph and detection was carried out at three different wave lengths (272 , 280 and 310 nm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 1% aqueous acetic acid solution with gradient elution . The experimental results showed high amount of ascorbic acid in S. arvensis and O. linearis (1.2% and 2.3 % respectively) and gallic acid ( 0.02% and 0.06% respectively) in 1% aq. acetic acid extract of these two plants. The high percentage of recovery (96-103%), low coefficient of variation ( R2 > 0.99) and low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) confirm the suitability of the method for simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid and all phenolic compounds in the two plants under investigation.
153 citations
TL;DR: Among bicyclic non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, phthalimides are an interesting class of compounds with a large range of applications as discussed by the authors, which can be considered as nitrogen analogues of anhydrides or as diacyl derivatives of ammonia.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 21/05/2015 Revised on: 13/09/2015 Accepted on: 02/11/2015 Available online: 10/03/2016 Among bicyclic non-aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, phthalimides are an interesting class of compounds with a large range of applications. Phthalimide contains an imide functional group and may be considered as nitrogen analogues of anhydrides or as diacyl derivatives of ammonia. They are lipophilic and neutral compounds and can therefore easily cross biological membranes in vivo and showing different pharmacological activities. In the present work compounds containing phthalimide subunit have been described as a scaffold to design new prototypes drug candidates with different biological activities and are used in different diseases as, for example AIDS, tumor, diabetes, multiple myeloma, convulsion, inflammation, pain, bacterial infection among others.
52 citations
TL;DR: Optimization of PHB production from cheap sources appears to be a realistic goal in the future for reducing the costs and obtaining high yield.
Abstract: Synthetic polymers are non-degradable and accumulated in the environment so, the efforts of scientists were forwarded to provide us with alternative environmentally biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) including polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) are Group of the interesting biopolymers which have several medical applications such as drug delivery, suture, scaffold and heart valves. PHAs and are biological macromolecules, thermoplastics, biodegradable and biocompatible. In this study, new bacterial isolates from Egypt were screened for their ability to produce PHB using Nile red dye. Out of 44 isolates, 19 bacterial isolates were selected according to strong of their fluorescence on mineral salt medium (MSM) agar plates supplemented with Nile red. The most potent strain was identified using biochemical tests as Bacillus sp. N-2. Production of PHB was carried out in limitation of nitrogen source using minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with excess of glucose as sole carbon source. PHB was accumulated in relation with cell dry weight about 20% (PHB/CDW). The obtained biopolymer was purified and analyzed using NMR, FTIR, TGA and DSC thus; it was highly pure and identified as PHB. Optimization of PHB production from cheap sources appears to be a realistic goal in the future for reducing the costs and obtaining high yield.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for the synthesis of polymers from polyethylene polysilicon and polypropylene polymers at the Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications.
Abstract: 1 Polymer research department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications. New Borg ElArab, Alexandria, Egypt. 2 Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry of Drugs, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, SK-81404 Bratislava, Slovakia. 3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Osfan, P. O. Box: 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
43 citations
TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to infectious disease.
Abstract: 1 Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, UniSZA, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
38 citations
TL;DR: The transcriptional level of the immunity-related genes was found higher after feeding the infected shrimps with purified and HMW fucoidan, suggesting that fucoid have significant role in the production of phenoloxidase.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 17/03/2016 Revised on: 05/05/2016 Accepted on: 02/06/2016 Available online: 29/10/2016 Fucoidan used as immunostimulant is commonly in the crude form. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan in both crude and purified forms in their immunostimulatory activity. In addition, we studied the effect of lowand high-molecular weight fucoidan as hydrolysis products toward immunostimulatory activity. Four kinds of fucoidan were assayed for immunostimulant activity on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The parameters observed in the assay includes the mortality number, haemocyte, gene-related immunity (phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and transglutaminase) in the shrimps infected with viral WSSV. The assay results showed that pure fucoidan exhibited higher activity compared with that of crude fucoidan. Sulfate and carbohydrate content of HMW fucoidan are 7.8 % and 82.54 % with an estimated molecular weight of 8.28 x10 4 Dalton, and low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan has 1.2% and 65.23% with an estimated molecular weight of 7.53 x10 4 Dalton. The transcriptional level of the immunity-related genes was found higher after feeding the infected shrimps with purified and HMW fucoidan. In particular, all of fucoidan forms increased the phenoloxidase gene transcription, suggesting that fucoidan have significant role in the production of phenoloxidase.
35 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to discuss bioactive metabolites produced by microalgae for possible applications in the Biotechnological fields.
Abstract: Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that are found in both marine and freshwater environments. Microalgae belong to the fastest growing photosynthetic organisms since their cell doubling time can be as little as a few hours. Microalgae are highly efficient biological approach for converting CO2 and nutrients to biomass. Eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria have recently reemerged as promising organisms in the effort to develop sustainable options for production of food and fuel. Marine microalgae constitute a natural source of a variety of drugs for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic applications—which encompass carotenoids, among others. The bioactive compounds derived from microalgae have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, among others. The aim of this review is to discuss bioactive metabolites produced by microalgae for possible applications in the Biotechnological fields.
34 citations
TL;DR: Among these extracts of different solvent extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa, diethyl ether extract showed the highest antifungal activity against all tested mycotoxigenic fungi and gave inhibition zone ranged from 10.3 to 21.6 mm.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 07/09/2016 Revised on: 28/09/2016 Accepted on: 18/10/2016 Available online: 29/11/2016 Cyanobacteria are rich sources of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the antifungal activity of different solvent extracts of Microcystis aeruginosa was evaluated. Among these extracts, diethyl ether extract showed the highest antifungal activity against all tested mycotoxigenic fungi and gave inhibition zone ranged from 10.3 to 21.6 mm. In this direction, the fraction (F4) was the best fraction in antifungal activity against all tested fungi. Sub-fraction F4-10 was chosen as the highest sub-fraction had bioactivity. Using TLC bioautography, GC-MS and NMR; two antifungal compounds were isolated, purified and identified as Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by eco-friendly method and three levels of Ag NPs had antibacterial effect on these bacteria (1, 1, 1 and 0.5 cm for E.coli and 1.1, 0.01, 1.5cm for Staphylococcus aureus) but there was no significant difference between three levels.
Abstract: In the present study, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by eco-friendly method. Design and analysis of Taguchi experiments was done by the Qualitek-4 software. Effect of AgNO3 concentration (0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 M), incubation and culturing time (48, 72, 96 hours) as three different levels were measured as three major factors in NPs biosynthesis. We carried out biosynthesis of NPs through cell-free culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. HAI4. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques are applied for NP characterization. It was demonstrated the average particles size was 33/264 nm with spherical shapes. Also, for evaluating of antibacterial effects, maximum zone of inhibition, two important multidrug resistant pathogenesis bacteria, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 were used. Three levels of Ag NPs had antibacterial effect on these bacteria (1, 1 and 0.5 cm for E.coli and 1.1, 1.1 and 1.1 for S.aureus) but there was no significant difference between three levels.
33 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling study that aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, which aims to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to EMTs.
Abstract: 1 Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE, SangolquiPOBOX: 171-5-231B, Quito, Ecuador, South America. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Universidad de las Americas UDLA, Quito, Ecuador. 3 Department of Zoology, University of Pune, Pune, India. 4 Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Puyo, Ecuador. 5 Loyola ICAM College of Engineering and Technology (LICET), Loyola campus, Chennai, India.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a plan of work relies on two main axes; first, the experimental part in which burlap was treated for rodent repellent; second, testing and characterizing the treated samples for cytotoxicity and animal behavior test.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 21/04/2016 Revised on: 10/06/2016 Accepted on: 30/06/2016 Available online: 30/08/2016 In Egypt, the world’s biggest wheat importer, about 7 to 10 percent of stored grains are damaged because of poor conditions of storage. Rodent invasion is considered as one of the main reasons that caused wheat grain damage. With respect of food safety, this work aims to treat the grain burlaps (containers) to rodent repellent. The rodent repellent agents was extracted from natural local resources. For the rodent repellent effectiveness, wheat burlaps are treated with rodent repelling agents using eco-friendly components. There are prepared using camphor oil, mint oil, and capsaicinoids (extracted from hot red pepper) as local resources to develop low cost and high-performance final product. The plan of work relies on two main axes; first, the experimental part in which burlap was treated for rodent repellent; second, testing and characterizing the treated samples for cytotoxicity and animal behavior test. The treatment was taking place by conventional pad-dry-cure technique.
TL;DR: The present review endow with significant information about its phytochemical investigations, pharmacological activities and medicinal properties as a folk medicine to treat several disease like anti-rheumatic, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, carminative, anti-catarrh, improve digestion, emmenagogue, febrifuge, nervine, vermifuge and sialagogue.
Abstract: Anacyclus pyrethrum an amazing medicinal plant is one of the most widely growing species of the family Asteraceae. The present review endow with significant information about its phytochemical investigations, pharmacological activities and medicinal properties as a folk medicine to treat several disease like anti-rheumatic, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, carminative, anti-catarrh, improve digestion, emmenagogue, febrifuge, nervine, vermifuge, and sialagogue. The plant has been reported several pharmacological actions such as antidiabetic, immunostimulating effect, inhibitory effects, antidepressant activity, anticonvulsant activity, memory-enhancing activity, aphrodisiacs, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, local anaesthetic effect, insecticidal effect, action on COX and LOX, interactions with testosterone, interaction with libido, and it interaction with testicles. Mainly the root portion has beneficial properties that can serve the mankind. The entire plant can be extensively studied for further future prospective.
TL;DR: The developed novel ocular carrier system (cubosomes) might be a promising platform as a vehicle for effective ocular drug delivery.
Abstract: Introduction: Ophthalmic formulations in terms of eye drops are more frequently used formulation for ocular disorders. But unfortunately this mode of drug instillation into the cul-de-sac of eye shows very poor ocular bioavailability (less than 5%). A large number of carrier systems have been investigated to overcome this problem. In the present study a novel nano-carrier system (Ketorolac loaded cubosomes) is developed and evaluated for the safe and enhance ocular bioavailability.
Methods: Cubosomes were developed and optimized by utilizing glyceryl mono-oleate, poloxamer 407 and initial drug concentration. Finally developed formulation was evaluated for various in vitro characteristics i.e. particles size, size distribution, shape and morphology, in-vitro release profile, corneal permeation, corneal retention, and ocular tolerance study.
Results: The optimized drug loaded cubosomal formulation showed mean particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency 127.3±12.23 nm, 0.205±0.011, and 53.27±5.23 %, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed a cubic shape of developed formulation. Further, developed formulation exhibited biphasic release profile. Significant high transcorneal permeation (2.07 folds) and corneal retention (2.24 folds) of ketorolac was observed with cubosomal formulation correspond to Ketorolac solution (p
TL;DR: The results of the in/vitro cytotoxic activity of the released curcumin showed sustained antiproliferative potency up to 30 % growth inhibition against the human liver cancer cell line (HEPG2) which extended to 25 days.
Abstract: The polymer composites based on Polyvinyl alcohol loaded with different concentrations of commercial curcumin were prepared to be applied forcontrolled release drug delivery system to overcome the growth promotion of tumor cells.The prepared composites were subjected to drug release in aqueous media at room temperature. It was found that the amount of the released curcumin changed according to different pHmedia and the concentration of theloaded drug onto the polymer carrier. The diffusion coefficient of the released curcumin from the prepared composites was found to be 2.739X10-2, 1.638X10-2, and 5.777X10-4 in basic, acidic and neutral solution respectively according to Higuch's equation. The results of the in/vitro cytotoxic activity of the released curcumin showed sustained antiproliferative potency up to 30 % growth inhibition against the human liver cancer cell line (HEPG2) which extended to 25 days.
TL;DR: In this article, the antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) and Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) fruit peels extracts were explored.
Abstract: This research study aimed to explore the antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia activities of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) and Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr) fruit peels extracts Diabetic rats induced by alloxan intraperitoneal at dose 150 mg/kgbw Rats divided into eight groups, negative control received 05% CMC-Na, Glibenclamide 045 mg/kgbw (positive control), groups of III, IV, and V were given ethanolic extracts of durian rind with successive doses of 500, 250, 125 mg/kgbw, while groups of VI, VII and VIII were given of rambutan peels extracts for 11 days Whereas, antihypercholesterolemia activity, high cholesterol gained by high-fat fed diet for 28 days and treated with the extracts for 14 days The highest percentage reduction in blood glucose and cholesterol levels were shown of Rambutan fruit peels extract with dose 500 mg/kgbw and the value of percentage reduction were 6176±426% and 6075±826%, respectively which the activity were higher than positive control In line with rambutan, durian at that dose showed the reduction glucose levels at 5019±366% Meanwhile the antihypercholesterolemia activity was 3582 ± 500% Nephelium lappaceum and Durio zibethinus peels extracts had the antidiabetic and antihypercholesterolemia acitivities at doses of 125 to 500 mg/kgbw
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) from Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits against three phytopathogenic fungi causing the deterioration for apples, including Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) from Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits against three phytopathogenic fungi causing the deterioration for apples, including Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer by using the poisoned food (PF) and the volatile activity (VA) methods. The antifungal test results indicated that the EO displayed significant potential of antifungal activity against the tested phytopathogenic fungi (p
TL;DR: In this paper, a nano-fibrous mat was developed with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by electro-spinning technique.
Abstract: Systematic application of topical drugs has been widely prescribed as an effective treatment for skin disorders. However, the widespread use of such topical drugs is also associated with emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms resulting in patients resist for one or more antibiotics. Nicotinamide, a water-soluble amide of nicotinic acid and a common topical drug, is approved as anti-acne drug with anti-inflammatory potentials. Encapsulation of nicotinamide into electropun water-soluble matrix that chemically crosslinked is the approach to control its release.
In this research, biocompatible nano-fibrous mat was developed with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by electro-spinning technique. The concentration of HEC (5%) with PVA (10%) was optimized, blended in different ratios (20–50% HEC concentration) and electro-spun to get smooth nano-fibers. Nicotinamide was successfully encapsulated in the electro-spun fibers. Nicotinamide release was controlled via chemical cross-linking of the produced mat. Selected parameters of spinning solutions (viscosity and conductivity) and process parameters (applied voltage and needle-to-collector distance) were studied. The microstructure, morphology of blended HEC/PVA, nicotinamide -loaded nano-fiber, cross-linked HEC/PVA nano-fibrous scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM images showed that the mean diameters of blend nano-fibers were ranged from 80 to 60 nm. The release profile of the nicotinamide was demonstrated. Release profile of the uncrosslinked and crosslinked mats were demonstred. Immortalized human skin fibroblasts cells were used to examine the biocompatibility of the produced HEC/PVA/ nicotinamide electrospun mats.
TL;DR: In this paper, three new UV spectrophotometric methods namely simultaneous equation, absorbance ratio and first derivative spectroscopic methods were developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and metformin hydrochloride in tablet formulation which were simple, sensitive, precise and accurate.
Abstract: Three new UV spectrophotometric methods namely simultaneous equation, absorbance ratio and first derivative (zero crossing) spectroscopic methods were developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and metformin hydrochloride in tablet formulation which were simple, sensitive, precise and accurate. In simultaneous equation method, absorbance was measured at 237 and 246 nm for both the drugs. Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and metformin hydrochloride was estimated using 237 and 247.5 nm in absorbance ratio method. First derivative (zero crossing) method was based on the transformation of UV spectra in to first derivative spectra followed by measurement of first derivative signal at 237 and 246 nm for teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and metformin hydrochloride, respectively using 2 nm as wavelength interval (Δλ) and 1 as scaling factor. Developed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines including parameters viz., specificity, linearity and range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. All the three methods showed linear response in the concentration range of 1-20 µg/ml for both the drugs. Results of method validation parameters follows ICH guideline acceptable limits. Based on the assay results obtained, methods were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison tests (95% confidence level) using computer based fitting program (Prism, Graphpad version 5, Graphpad Software Inc). Outcome of the statistical analysis proved that there was no considerable dissimilarity between all the developed methods. Methods were found to be simple, fast, highly sensitive, cost effective and hence can be useful for simultaneous estimation of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and metformin hydrochloride in commercial tablet formulation for routine quality control analysis.
TL;DR: The presence of chemical compounds and biological properties obtained justify the contribution of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory component.
Abstract: Aim of the study: The existence of numerous side effects following the use of anti inflammatory drugs has led to the present study about Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae), prescribed in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases component to discover phytomedicines secondary effects mitigated.
Materials and methods: The chemical principles have been demonstrated by test characterization in liquid medium according the method of Ciulei (1949). In vivo, the model of edema induced by carrageenan to cause inflammation and the model of acetic acid induced pain were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the extract. In vitro, the effects of the aqueous extract on the DPPH°°radical, the lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation has been demonstrated.
Results: Phytochemical study of leafy stems of the plant showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins etc. In vivo, the results showed the aqueous extract and anti- edematous effects of the analgesic of the plant. In vitro, the results revealed the aqueous extract of W. indica inhibited the radical of DPPH°°, the lipoxygenase and the lipid peroxidation.
Conclusion: The presence of chemical compounds and biological properties obtained justify the contribution of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory component.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Waltheriaindica L., Inflammation, Analgesia, Anti -oxidants
TL;DR: The present study is the first evaluation of antibacterial activity on lichens of Malaysian origin and to the authors' knowledge; the first reported study on the biological activity of praesorediosic acid and Parmotrema rampoddense.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of acetone and methanol extracts of lichen (Parmotrema praesorediosum, P. rampoddense, P. tinctorum and P. reticulatum) and isolated chemical constituents which are praesorediosic acid, protocetraric acid, usnic acid, α–collatolic acid, β-alectoronic acid, atranorin and chloroatranorin. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using broth dilution method. Acetone extracts (except for P. reticulatum) showed good inhibitory activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC values ranging from 500–125 µg/mL, whereas, no activity was observed for the methanol extracts. Extracts exhibited zero inhibitory activity against E. coli. The antioxidant ability was measured using a DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay. Only methanol extract of P. praesorediosum exhibited more than 50% scavenging activity. Among the isolates, usnic acid exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC value 7.81 µg/mL. Praesorediosic acid and protocetraric acid isolates exclusively inhibited E. coli at concentration 125 µg/mL and displayed results exceeding 50% scavenging activity (57.57% and 63.97%, respectively). Hitherto, it is the first evaluation of antibacterial activity on lichens of Malaysian origin and to our knowledge; the first reported study on the biological activity of praesorediosic acid and Parmotrema rampoddense.
TL;DR: In this paper, the antibacterial composite from carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) nanofibers and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing, capping and fiber aiding material and investigated to be used in biomedical applications.
Abstract: Herein we prepare antibacterial composite from carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) nanofibers and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as reducing, capping and fiber aiding material and investigated to be used in biomedical applications. The AgNPs has spherical shapes and its diameter ranged from 15 to 25 nm and distributed within the prepared nanofibers. The electrospinning parameters from the effect of the CMCS mass ratio, extrusion rate and field were studied. The optimum condition for electrospinning were 7% for CMCS and 8% from PVA. UV-vis, TEM and XRD used to characterize AgNPs and FTIR and SEM used to characterize nanofibers. Results showed that the ultra-fine fibers could be generated after addition of PVA in different mass ratios of CMCS to PVA from 4–8 wt. % PVA (AgNPs)/CMCS solutions. Electrospun PVA (AgNPs)/CMCS nanofibers showed good antibacterial effects towards Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) bacteria. Antibacterial activities of electrospun nanofibers increased by increasing both CMCS and Ag nanoparticles percent in the electrospun membrane1
TL;DR: In this paper, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) based topical gel of non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) etoricoxib for the treatment of arthritis which would attenuate the gastrointestinal related toxicities associated with oral administration.
Abstract: The objective of present investigation was to prepare & evaluate solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) based topical gel of non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) etoricoxib for the treatment of arthritis which would attenuate the gastrointestinal related toxicities associated with oral administration. SLN were formulated by melt emulsification and solidification at low temperature method using stearic acid & tween 80. All the formulation were subjected to particle size, particle size distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, crystallinity study by DSC and in-vitro release studies. It has been observed that, the high lipid concentration containing formulation have higher entrapment as compare to other two formulation. The SLN- dispersion shows 70.766% entrapment & zeta potential of the formulation were -25.6 which indicates the stability of formulation. The in vitro drug release rate of gel was evaluated using Modified franz diffusion cell containing dialysis membrane with phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as the receptor medium. The in-vitro release was carried out in comparison with a carbopol gel & hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) gel. The permeability parameters steady-state flux (Jss) was significantly increased in SLN-F3C (carbopol) formulation as compared with SLN-F3HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) formulation. It was concluded that the Etoricoxib loaded SLN based gel formulation containing carbopol was suitable for topical application and shows much better result of anti-inflammatory activity.
TL;DR: The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from the aerial parts of Alternanthera sessilis red has been investigated and the major components of essentialOil of leaves, as analyzed by the GC-MS were found to be 1,1,1-5,5, 5,5-hexamethyl-3,3-bis[trimethylsilyl)oxy]trisiloxane.
Abstract: In the present study, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from the aerial parts of Alternanthera sessilis red has been investigated. The chemical composition of essential oil of A. sessilis red was determined by GC-MS analysis. Determination of antioxidant nature of A. sessilis red was carried out by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method using butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT)as the positive control. The major components of essential oil of leaves, as analyzed by the GC-MS were found to be 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3,3-bis[trimethylsilyl)oxy]trisiloxane (15.43%), S,S-dioxide trans-2-methyl-4-Npentylthiane (11.27%), didodecylphthalate (10.62%) and tetrahydro-2,5-dimethoxy furan (10.01%).However, the major components of essential oil of flower were 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3,3- bis[trimethylsilyl)oxy]trisiloxane (17.76%), trans-4-ethyl-5-octyl-2,2-bis(trifluromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (11.12%) and tetrahydro-2,5-dimethoxy furan ( 9.10%).
TL;DR: In this paper, carboxymethylation was carried out in the cotton fibers to form alkali cellulose, which modifies the crystalline structure of cellulose and increases the accessibility of fibers to chemicals by swelling.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 12/08/2015 Revised on: 19/11/2015 Accepted on: 10/12/2015 Available online: 27/02/2016 To improve the dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton, the cotton was treated. Firstly, Carboxymethylation was carried out in the cotton fibers to form alkali cellulose. Due to carboxymethylation, the alkali cellulose modifies the crystalline structure of cellulose and increases the accessibility of fibers to chemicals by swelling. Secondly, it padded in a solution content (5 % nano zinc oxide, 4% citric acid) or (6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid) or in a solution of 5 % nano zinc oxide, 6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid or in a solution of 7% nano zinic oxide, 7% titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid, at wet pick up of ca 100%, then dried at 85 °C for 5 min., and cured at 100 °C for 3 min, the latter, we use these fabric in dyeing with synthesized acid dye and commercial basic dye finally, we measure antimicrobial activity for these fabric toward Gram negative and Gram positive .
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Egyptian honey as reducing and capping agents to investigate its ability to reduce the mycelial growth and the production of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) by Aspergillus flavus.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potential antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The synthesis of AgNPs have been reported using several chemical and physical methods which are not friendly environment. Therefore, our technique has focused on the synthesis of AgNPs by natural compounds. The aim of this study has been to synthesis AgNPs by safe nontoxic method using Egyptian honey (EH) as reducing and capping agents and to investigate its ability to reduce the mycelial growth and the production of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus, respectively. AgNPs have been characterized by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The obtained results indicated that the synthesis of honey AgNPs depends on the concentration of bulk metal (AgNO3) used in the synthesis process. The TEM image has revealed the formation of spherical well dispersed AgNPs, while the main size of AgNPs detected by DSL is 9.9 nm. Our results have indicated that 3 mg -100 ml media of honey derived AgNPs have reduced the aflatoxin (AF) G1, G2, B1 and B2 production by A. parasiticus to 77.55, , 62.91, 58.76 and 66.56%, respectively and ochratoxin A (OTA) by A. ochraceus to 79.85 % with significantly inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. The percentage of reduction depends on the AgNPs concentration.
TL;DR: The results showed high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Cairo, Egypt is alarming high, and it is clear that bla CTX-M-I was the most prevalent ESBL type.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 13/11/2015 Revised on: 20/12/2015 Accepted on: 04/01/2016 Available online: 26/01/2016 The prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli that produce extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in Cairo, Egypt was investigated. Ninety E. coli isolates were collected along the period of September to November 2012 from hospital and community settings. Antibiotic susceptibility of the E. coli isolates was determined by disk diffusion method. All isolates were screened phenotypically for ESBL production by combination disk method. The presence of bla CTX-M-I, bla CTX-M-IV, bla TEM and bla SHV genes in ESBLproducing E. coli was examined by PCR and sequencing experiments. The results showed high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, 52% of the collected isolates were ESBL producers. The ESBL-producing isolates significantly (P < 0.05) had increased resistance compared with non–ESBL producers to cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and co-trimoxazole. Imipenem was the most effective drug against ESBL producing isolates. All ESBL producing E. coli isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR) to eight antibiotics or more. Detection of ESBL genes in selected MDR-ESBL producing E. coli revealed that bla CTX-M-I was the most prevalent ESBL type. It is clear that the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli in Cairo, Egypt is alarming high. This study is useful for clinician in order to improve the empiric treatment.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for the encapsulation of the material in the nanoparticles, which can be delivered to the targeted site, enhancing of the flavor, integration of antibacterial agents with the nanoparticle in the food, enhancement of shelf-life for storage, and contamination sensing.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 18/06/2016 Revised on: 22/07/2016 Accepted on: 19/08/2016 Available online: 26/09/2016 The most commonly used packaging material is associated with environmental issues as they are non degradable in nature. The number of attempts are made for developing the eco-friendly degradable biopolymers as ideal food packaging. The biopolymers developed are not commercialized as they have poor mechanical strength and resistance properties. Thus to enhance the following faults in the reinforcing material are added which resulted in the composites formation. During various food processing operations the nanotechnology approach is employed such as encapsulation of the material in the nanoparticles, which can be delivered to the targeted site, enhancement of the flavor, integration of antibacterial agents with the nanoparticle in the food, enhancement of shelf-life for storage, and contamination sensing. Food packaging substances synthesized by nanotechnology may increase the shelf-life of the food as they provide resistive packaging, increase the level of food safety, liberate the preservatives for enhancing the life of the food and notify the consumer either the food is consumable or spoiled. Nano-supplements are integrated by the encapsulation method for efficient dietary as well as drug delivery systems. Nano-materials are not well evaluated for the health risk and environmental issues associated with it even the side-effects are unexploited. Various authorities are working prompt designing of guidelines and legislation policies for further acceptance of Nano-based materials in food packaging systems. Biologically synthesized nanoparticles will serve as a significant tool to conquer present contests that are linked with food packaging constituents.
TL;DR: This study can say that addition of resveratrol to diclofenac tablets could be beneficial for patients suffering from serious liver conditions.
Abstract: Idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most serious hazards that could be induced due to the miss use of drugs. Diclofenac has long been well-known to prompt such complication. Resveratrol is one of the newest nutraceuticals that has been recently introduced the medicinal field and proved to be effective in ameliorating many types of drug-induced hepatic injuries. The present study aimed to assess if combining resveratrol with diclofenac would result in hepato-protection and/or synergistic anti-inflammatory effect in an acute carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats. Results revealed that the combination groups showed augmented anti-inflammatory effect represented by decreased levels of interleukin-1β and arachidonic acid. Furthermore; combination groups diminished the inflammation-induced oxidative stress and nitrosative stress as shown in the reduction of GSSG/GSH ratio, MDA and NOX levels. Moreover; combination groups also prevented the elevation in liver enzymes namely AST and ALT. In conclusion we can say that addition of resveratrol to diclofenac tablets could be beneficial for patients suffering from serious liver conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the inhibitory ability of methanolic extract from pumpkin seeds in rat's testes homogenates and showed that the extract inhibited Fe 2 + -induced TBARS, scavenged DPPH radical and chelate Fe 2+ in a dose dependent manner.
Abstract: Article history: Received on: 24/12/2015 Revised on: 11/04/2016 Accepted on: 07/06/2016 Available online: 26/09/2016 Pumpkin seed has been associated with myriad of medicinal uses in different part of the world. In this study, phenolic composition and Fe 2+ induced thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) inhibitory ability of methanolic extract from pumpkin seeds in rat’s testes homogenates were determined. The extract was prepared with 80% methanol (v/v) and the radicals [(1,1-diphenyl–2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)] scavenging, Fe 2+ chelation and ferric reducing abilities of the extract were carried out. The phenolics composition was also investigated using gas chromatography couple with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The GC analysis revealed the presence of vallinic, coumaric protocatechuic, caffeic, ferulic and sinapinic acids, and apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol as the dominant phenolic compounds. The results revealed that the extract inhibited Fe 2+ -induced TBARS, scavenge DPPH radical and chelate Fe 2+ in a dose dependent manner. The extract also scavenged ABTS radical and reduced Fe 2+
TL;DR: In this article, two species of marine algae, Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp were collected from the Red Sea and examined for, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antimicrobial activities.
Abstract: Marine algae are potential sources of biologically active compounds with antiviral, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Two species of marine algae, Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp were collected from the Red Sea. Both species were extracted with ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The extracts of each sample were examined for, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antimicrobial activities. The results showed that solvents with different polarities have various effects on phenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the tested solvents, ethanolic extract of Padina boryana Thivy and Enteromorpha sp showed the highest phenolic content. Results also indicated that the extracts of Padina boryana Thivy showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to Enteromorpha sp. The present study demonstrates that both algae species exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties which can provide opportunities for the application of algal extract as natural food preservative for possible application in food and dietary supplemental products for health promotion.