Showing papers in "Journal of applied rehabilitation counseling in 1988"
TL;DR: The authors reviewed some of the literature addressing counselor and client characteristics and prospective factors for failure in counseling Black disabled clients, and discussed the Eurocentric theoretical basis of training and practice, followed by an overview of the Africentric approach which potentially provides for rehabilitation counselors' improved service delivery to the Black disabled client.
Abstract: Due to theoretical orientation and training received, the rehabilitation counselor working with the Black disabled client may encounter a set of atypical client responses and requirements. This paper reviews some of the literature addressing counselor and client characteristics and prospective factors for failure in counseling Black disabled clients. The Eurocentric theoretical basis of training and practice is discussed, followed by an overview of the Africentric approach which potentially provides for rehabilitation counselors' improved service delivery to the Black disabled client.
35 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the nature of appropriate and inappropriate interaction behaviors between professors and college students who have physical disabilities and found that 75% of professors in Montreal colleges and universities had taught disabled students, and professors are more comfortable with able-bodied than with disabled students.
Abstract: This study investigated the nature of appropriate and inappropriate interaction behaviors between professors and college students who have physical disabilities. Thirty-eight students with physical disabilities, 74 college and university professors who had taught disabled students, and 17 professors who had not done so rated the frequency and appropriateness of a variety of interaction behaviors by both professors and students. Professors also rated their level of comfort with disabled and with non-disabled students and indicated how interested they were in teaching students with specific disabilities in the future. Results show that a) approximately 75% of professors in Montreal colleges and universities had taught disabled students, b) professors are more comfortable with able-bodied than with disabled students, and c) that professors who had taught disabled students are more comfortable with such students and more interested in teaching them in the future. Appropriate behaviors were found to be more common than inappropriate behaviors and student initiated behaviors were seen as more desirable than professor initiated ones. Nevertheless, disabled students rated most student initiated behaviors, but not professor initiated behaviors, as less appropriate than tile professors believed them to be. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed and concrete examples of appropriate behaviors by each group in frequently occurring interaction situations are provided.
32 citations
TL;DR: A study of 25 individuals with serious traumatic brain injury showed that major adjustment problems at 13 months post-injury were psychosocial and family-oriented Return to work/school was dependent upon individuals' ability to engage in socially appropriate interactions as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A study of 25 individuals with serious traumatic brain injury showed that major adjustment problems at 13 months post-injury were psychosocial and family-oriented Return to work/school was dependent upon individuals' ability to engage in socially appropriate interactions The Portland Adaptability Inventory served as a reliable measure of problem areas Language: en
32 citations
TL;DR: For rehabilitation counselors to be effective in counseling Americans of Chinese descent with disability, counselors must have some understanding of cultural variables that have impact on Chinese Americans as discussed by the authors, and rehabilitation counselors need to be sensitive to the differential counseling needs and expectations of Chinese Americans.
Abstract: For rehabilitation counselors to be effective in counseling Americans of Chinese descent with disability, counselors must have some understanding of cultural variables that have impact on Chinese Americans. Rehabilitation counselors need to be sensitive to the differential counseling needs and expectations of Chinese Americans. A brief overview of the cultural variables affecting Chinese Americans is discussed in relationship to counseling issues that may affect rehabilitation counseling outcome.
32 citations
TL;DR: Demographic data and research findings are presented which provide insight into how ethnic minorities with disabilities have identifiably unique characteristics and present special challenges to the rehabilitation counseling profession.
Abstract: Past and recent research on ethnic minorities with disabilities has indicated that they have identifiably unique characteristics and present special challenges to the rehabilitation counseling profession. Demographic data and research findings are presented which provide insight into how these characteristics and challenges impact the rehabilitation process. Recommendations are offered on how to enhance the professional preparation of rehabilitation counselors for improved services to ethnic minorities with disabilities.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical approach to the ordering and classification of rehabilitation goals is presented, where the ultimate goal of rehabilitation, namely, improvement in quality of life is progressively reduced to smaller goals by utilizing a multifaceted perspective.
Abstract: This paper presents a hierarchical approach to the ordering and classification of rehabilitation goals. The ultimate goal of rehabilitation, namely, improvement in quality of life is progressively reduced to smaller goals by utilizing a multifaceted perspective. Included in this perspective are: (1) the contexts, or environments, within which rehabilitation takes place, (2) the activity levels or systems defining human performance, and (3) the adjustment or functional levels achieved. Based on the above classification, a matrix of rehabilitation goals is suggested. Twelve sets of goals are described, followed by a brief list of representative examples of each goal. Finally, rehabilitation goals are discussed at their most elementary level. At this point the goals assume the form of behaviorally-anchored, individually-targeted, situationally-specific and numerically-assessed objectives.
29 citations
TL;DR: The Issues in Disability Scale (IDS) as discussed by the authors is a new instrument developed to measure both the cognitive and affective components of attitudes toward persons with physical disabilities, while avoiding many of the problems criticized in earlier measures.
Abstract: The Issues in Disability Scale (IDS) is a new instrument developed to measure both the cognitive and affective components of attitudes toward persons with physical disabilities. The IDS builds upon previous research, while avoiding many of the problems criticized in earlier measures. The method by which tile instrument was constructed is presented, along with preliminary data supporting both the reliability and the validity of the scale.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide research-based approaches and recommendations focused on asset-oriented foundations to assist rehabilitationists in becoming more effective as counselors and cross-cultural advocates for persons with disabilities.
Abstract: More than twenty years ago the 1965 Vocational Rehabilitation Act expanded rehabilitation to include persons with disabilities stemming from their cultural and social status. Yet, current appraisals of rehabilitation and Blacks who are disabled (BWO) reflect a bleak predicament. In spite of activities directed toward assisting rehabilitation professionals to become more effective with BWO, Blacks remain one of the least understood/accepted groups. Too much of what is assumed to be facts about BWO is predicated on a deficiency-oriented philosophy. Consequently, the author provides research-based approaches and recommendations focused on asset-oriented foundations to assist rehabilitationists in becoming more effective as counselors and cross-cultural advocates.
27 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that increased functional capabilities gained through AD utilization and the attainment of a “normalized” quality-of-life may present users with generalized “high functioning” expectations and frustrations for which their prior socialization did not prepare them.
Abstract: A preliminary assessment of assistive device (AD) utilization by adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) was conducted during the winter, 1986. A qualitative research approach was selected over a quantitative one so that pre-selected themes would not be imposed upon the data but, rather, would emerge from the data obtained. Five males with SCI and five females with CP, all subjects having a four-quadrant involvement, were interviewed about their AD use and quality-of-life. The findings indicate that female AD users with CP emphasize the capability to do things for the first time in their lives because of their ADs. They speak in terms of gains. In contrast, male AD non-users with SCI interpret ADs as poor replacements for their own functioning and see them as reminders of loss. AD users of both disabilities see their quality-of-life as being within their control whereas non-users believe otherwise. It was concluded that increased functional capabilities gained through AD utilization and the attainment of a “normalized” quality-of-life may present users with generalized “high functioning” expectations and frustrations for which their prior socialization did not prepare them. This, coupled with little peer contact, was discussed as contributing to participants' feelings of nervousness, depression, emotional inhibition and a sense of identity confusion.
21 citations
TL;DR: The incidence, problems and treatment issues involved when dealing with individuals who have a psychiatric disorder and concurrent substance abuse problem and the reasons are not very clear are examined.
Abstract: This review examines the incidence, problems and treatment issues involved when dealing with individuals who have a psychiatric disorder and concurrent substance abuse problem. There is an increasing number of these clients evidenced in psychiatric and substance abuse rehabilitation facilities and the reasons are not very clear. Suggestions are offered for a pilot treatment program and future directions recommended for addressing the special needs of this subpopulation.
21 citations
TL;DR: Whether women with disabilities are doubly stigmatized, reviews possible causes and suggests solutions, and the positions of women in Vocational Rehabilitation as counselors and administrators and the effect this may have on rehabilitation of women with disabled are reviewed.
Abstract: This paper is a review of recent literature on psychosocial aspects of being female and disabled as reflected in vocational rehabilitation (VR) for women with disabilities. It discusses whether women with disabilities are doubly stigmatized, reviews possible causes and suggests solutions. Also reviewed are the positions of women in Vocational Rehabilitation as counselors and administrators and the effect this may have on rehabilitation of women with disabilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of vocational rehabilitation counselors was conducted to identify factors which they consider to be important in the provision of services to American Indians, and the results showed that there are common perceptions by counselors in both groups on important factors to consider in the delivery of rehabilitation services.
Abstract: A survey of vocational rehabilitation counselors was conducted to identify factors which they consider to be important in the provision of services to American Indians. Comparisons are made between the perceptions of counselors working primarily with clients living on reservations to those working primarily with clients living off reservations. The results show that there are common perceptions by counselors in both groups on important factors to consider in the delivery of rehabilitation services to American Indians. Of equal importance are the differing factors that were identified by counselors depending upon whether they work primarily with clients living on or off reservations.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between burnout and the expectations about selected job factors of state agency rehabilitation counselors in North Dakota and found that burnout is negatively related to current job expectations and positively related to job expectations at the time of initial employment in the rehabilitation field and to changes in expectations.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between burnout and the expectations about selected job factors of state agency rehabilitation counselors in North Dakota. Rehabilitation counselors completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and an Expectations Questionnaire. Results of the analyses indicated that burnout is negatively related to current job expectations and positively related to job expectations at the time of initial employment in the rehabilitation field and to changes in expectations. These and other results, and the implications are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: Depression and dependency scores were significantly lower and self-esteem scores were higher for the early referral group compared to the late referral group.
Abstract: Sixty industrially injured workers of Mexican origin were examined to determine the psychological effects of early versus late referral to the California workers' compensation vocational rehabilitation system. Depression and dependency scores were significantly lower and self-esteem scores were higher for the early referral group compared to the late referral group. (Author/JDD) Language: en
TL;DR: The results of a study of employers regarding their concerns about workers with disabilities and their interest in partnerships with rehabilitation agencies are presented.
Abstract: Programmatic initiatives have been undertaken to develop partnerships between employers and rehabilitation organizations. Potential areas for collaboration involve recruitment and selection, accommodation and accessibility, incentives, and the return to work of employees with mid-career disability onset. This article presents the results of a study of employers regarding their concerns about workers with disabilities and their interest in partnerships with rehabilitation agencies.
TL;DR: A current trend in counselor education programs is crosscultural counseling courses designed to develop culturally competent counselors to determine the level of importance placed on cross-cultural content in the rehabilitation counselor education (RCE) curricula.
Abstract: A current trend in counselor education programs is crosscultural counseling courses designed to develop culturally competent counselors. This study sought to determine the level of importance placed on cross-cultural content in the rehabilitation counselor education (RCE) curricula. A national sample representing 50 per cent of the National Council on Rehabilitation Education (NCRE) professional membership was surveyed. Respondents rated twenty-seven curriculum offerings as important in the preparation of professional rehabilitation counselors.
TL;DR: The Asian Americans are described with the purpose of setting aside myths and stereotypes as well as providing some information helpful to understanding the Asian Americans within the rehabilitation process.
Abstract: Rehabilitation counselors will come increasingly into contact with Asian Americans as part of their workload. This article describes and discusses the Asian Americans with the purpose of setting aside myths and stereotypes as well as providing some information helpful to understanding the Asian Americans within the rehabilitation process.
TL;DR: The authors identify a number of interrelated issues and questions about the concept of disabling language and identify a comparison of word choice in journal titles shows that the use of disability as a noun has declined substantially in eight years.
Abstract: The concept of disabling language has received increased attention in the last five years. This article identifies a number of interrelated issues and questions about the concept of disabling language. A comparison of word choice in journal titles shows that the use of disability as a noun has declined substantially in eight years.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a series of employability assessment and intervention packages recently developed by the Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation, which can be incorporated into transitional services to increase student social, vocational problem-solving and decision-making, on-the-job coping, and job seeking skills.
Abstract: Traditional educational programs have not resulted in vocational sophistication and employment success for disabled youth. For this reason, rehabilitation professionals must contribute to school programming designed to enhance the student's work personality. This article describes a series of employability assessment and intervention packages recently developed by the Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation. Counselors can incorporate the employability products into transitional services in order to increase student social, vocational problem-solving and decision-making, on-the-job coping, and job seeking skills.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a brief overview of the history, values, and beliefs of Chicanos in order to demonstrate the need for pluralism within rehabilitation counseling and make recommendations for incorporating culture specific knowledge within rehabilitation counselor graduate curriculums.
Abstract: Rehabilitation counselor education programs are currently being challenged to include a focus on cultural differences in their curriculums. The purpose of this article is to recommend that the training of rehabilitation counselors indeed include a focus on cultural pluralism. The authors have presented a brief overview of the history, values, and beliefs of Chicanos in order to demonstrate the need for pluralism within rehabilitation counseling. Recommendations for incorporating culture specific knowledge within rehabilitation counselor graduate curriculums are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the background, service delivery, and assessment and training approaches related to supported employment and time-limited transitional employment training are described and the role and preparation of the rehabilitation counselor are discussed.
Abstract: Support employment and time-limited transitional employment training are service options which can help rehabilitation counselors increase employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. This article provides definitions and describes the background, service delivery, and assessment and training approaches related to supported employment and time-limited transitional employment training. Resultant issues concerning the role and preparation of the rehabilitation counselor are also discussed.
TL;DR: Beck's Cognitive Therapy as a counseling model for rehabilitation counselors is introduced and the structured approach and success in treating anxiety and depression contribute to its validity as a tool in rehabilitation.
Abstract: This article introduces Beck's Cognitive Therapy as a counseling model for rehabilitation counselors. The structured approach and success in treating anxiety and depression contribute to its validity as a tool in rehabilitation.
TL;DR: In this article, the differences between counselors' and clients' perceptions of what is important to be an effective Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) counselor were investigated, finding that counselors value task-oriented behaviors including goal setting, problem-solving, and decision-making more than clients.
Abstract: The differences between counselors' and clients' perceptions of what is important to be an effective Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) counselor were investigated. Questionnaires completed by 187 counselors and 122 clients were utilized to identify counselor characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors/skills perceived to be most important. Multivariate analyses of the data revealed some significant differences between and within counselors' and clients' ratings of the importance of specific counselor performance items. Counselors were found to value task-oriented behaviors including goal setting, problem-solving, and decision-making more than clients. Results also indicated that female counselors and clients, as compared to their male counterparts, believe that it is more important for counselors to be caring, encouraging, and supportive. It was also found that Hispanic clients differed from both black and white clients on the importance of several counselor characteristics. Implications of these findings for improving the delivery of services to clients are discussed.
TL;DR: Rec rehabilitation professionals must redefine their roles in the workplace, educate themselves about the issues, and plan creatively for how the unique practices and viewpoint of rehabilitation can best be used to meet these societal challenges.
Abstract: Workplace-based rehabilitation services are developing in three new priority areas: drug abuse, AIDS and disability management. To realize both clinical and consulting opportunities in these three areas, rehabilitation professionals must redefine their roles in the workplace, educate themselves about the issues, and plan creatively for how the unique practices and viewpoint of rehabilitation can best be used to meet these societal challenges.
TL;DR: Analysis of data from 1985 to 1987 reveals that visually impaired Hispanics have lower than expected levels of participation in vocational rehabilitation programs in New Jersey.
Abstract: The present study examines the participation of blind and visually impaired Hispanics in vocational rehabilitation programs in New Jersey. An analysis of data from 1985 to 1987 reveals that visually impaired Hispanics have lower than expected levels of participation in vocational rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, very few Hispanic clients are being closed as rehabilitated. When Hispanics were successfully rehabilitated, 57 percent became wage earners.
TL;DR: Two specific examples of individuals successfully returning to work in the agriculture field after suffering injuries resulting in quadriplegic conditions are described.
Abstract: Two specific examples of individuals successfully returning to work in the agriculture field after suffering injuries resulting in quadriplegic conditions are described. Vocational rehabilitation counselors require knowledge of the feasibility and means for assisting individuals in accomplishing a return to farming.
TL;DR: An overview of AIDS is presented, which involves three diagnoses: HIV Antibody Positive Tests, AIDS Related Complexes and AIDS.
Abstract: This article presented an overview of AIDS. The disability involves three diagnoses: HIV Antibody Positive Tests, AIDS Related Complexes and AIDS. AIDS is transmitted through sexual intercourse, sharing unclean needles and use of contaminated blood. AIDS is incurable although the use of Azidothymidine (AZT) has shown some promise. Three categories of clients involving four stages of reaction are presented. Rehabilitation counselor interventions and vocational implications are discussed.
TL;DR: The intent of this article is to raise the consciousness of rehabilitation professionals regarding a syndrome described as a monster epidemic, its psychosocial dynamics and the implications for rehabilitation.
Abstract: A juggernaut disease has invaded American shores. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is receiving tremendous attention from medicine, law, media, religious groups, governments and the world community reminiscent of the Bubonic plague, smallpox, and polio. It is the cause of ignorance, fear, panic, and stigma across the nation with estimates involving 1.5 million persons or more. The intent of this article is to raise the consciousness of rehabilitation professionals regarding a syndrome described as a monster epidemic, its psychosocial dynamics and the implications for rehabilitation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a guide for rehabilitation counselors working with people with disabilities who become victims of crime, especially those subject to violent crime, who may have their lives disrupted psychosocially, medically, vocationally, educationally and financially.
Abstract: This article provides a guide for rehabilitation counselors working with people with disabilities who become victims of crime. Crime victims, especially those subject to violent crime, may have their lives disrupted psychosocially, medically, vocationally, educationally, and financially. Such adverse impact can jeopardize rehabilitation efforts and plans already in progress. This article offers general information and guidelines about the impact of crime on the person with a disability who becomes a crime victim, evaluation methods, and suggested interventions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the use of traditional pretests with retrospective pretests in the modification of attitudes toward the disabled and found that the retrospective pretest design was more sensitive to perceived attitudinal changes.
Abstract: Many rehabilitation studies which attempt to determine the effectiveness of procedures designed to modify attitudes toward persons with disabilities rely on self-report measures. When utilizing self-report instruments within a pretest/posttest design, a potential threat to internal validity is the shift of response interpretation on the part of the subject. One way of dealing with this response-shift is to utilize retrospective pretests in addition to a pre-treatment pretest. Two studies are presented which compared the use of traditional pretests with retrospective pretests in the modification of attitudes toward the disabled. Both studies showed that the retrospective pretest design was more sensitive to perceived attitudinal changes.