Showing papers in "Journal of applied rehabilitation counseling in 1996"
TL;DR: Patients who were readmitted reported worse physical health before their readmission and had a greater number of secondary disorders, and it is recommended that these factors be used in a multiple discriminant predictive model in future studies to detect their potential for predicting hospital readmission.
Abstract: One hundred twenty-one (121) patients 55 years and older, having cardiovascular disease, were followed for 90 days to identify factors that might be used as predictors for hospital readmission. An initial step was to determine which health status or psychosocial measures would best discriminate between two readmission groups (readmission vs. no readmission). Four factors were univariately significant: physical health, personal adjustment, happiness, and number of secondary disorders. At the end of the specified follow-up period, 71 persons (58.7%) had experienced at least one unplanned readmission. Specifically, persons reporting a positive affect about their present circumstances, and enhanced optimism about their future, were less likely to be readmitted. Further, patients who were readmitted reported worse physical health before their readmission and had a greater number of secondary disorders. It is recommended that these factors be used in a multiple discriminant predictive model in future studies to detect their potential for predicting hospital readmission. If identification of at risk characteristics for repeated admissions among predictable high cost groups can be achieved, these data can supply rehabilitation professionals with the necessary information needed for the design of comprehensive and intensive cost-effective interventions in cardiac rehabilitation. Clinical applications for the rehabilitation counselor are discussed with respect to intervention considerations and the community reintegration of the older person from the hospital to their home and other independent living settings.
52 citations
TL;DR: To address the unique needs of this population, rehabilitation practitioners are encouraged to seek specialized training and continuing education through regional training programs and interagency consultation.
Abstract: Individuals who have a dual diagnosis of substance abuse and chronic mental illness pose unique challenges in the delivery of vocational rehabilitation services. Barriers to service provision include an underestimation of prevalence; agency classifications that require a separation of disability conditions into primary and secondary disability; a lack of counselors’ awareness of the unique needs of this population; and the impact of negative attitudes and stigma on vocational success. Although individuals with dual diagnosis can benefit from rehabilitation services and stable employment, changes in the traditional service delivery system are recommended. To address the unique needs of this population, rehabilitation practitioners are encouraged to seek specialized training and continuing education through regional training programs and interagency consultation.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss ways in which the philosophy of rehabilitation counseling can be utilized to assist the Disability Support Services office in providing more comprehensive services, with the goal of increasing the students' functioning to the highest level possible in all areas of their lives.
Abstract: In recent years, the number of students in higher education who are requesting services, from university offices of Disability Support Services (DSS) has increased dramatically, While surveys suggest that the majority of DSS offices are providing academic support services to their students with disabilities, these services, while necessary, are not sufficient to address the needs of these students in a holistic fashion. This article will discuss ways in which the philosophy of rehabilitation counseling can be utilized to assist the DSS office in providing more comprehensive services, with the goal of increasing the students' functioning to the highest level possible in all areas of their lives. Through adherence to this philosophy, the DSS office can become an effective extension of the rehabilitation process to students with disabilities.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of clinical judgment and discuss stereotypes and prejudice due to client race or ethnicity as potential sources of bias within the rehabilitation counseling process, and specific bias reduction strategies are provided.
Abstract: Rehabilitation counselors are responsible for determining eligibility of clients for services, assessing rehabilitation needs, and developing service plans to meet those needs. Patterns of inequitable treatment of minorities have been documented in all major junctures of the vocational rehabilitation process. This article provides an overview of clinical judgment and discusses stereotypes and prejudice due to client race or ethnicity as potential sources of bias within the rehabilitation counseling process. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed and specific bias reduction strategies are provided.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the association between the individual's locus of control, his/her attitudes toward work (work personality) and the rehabilitation counselor's evaluation of his/ her cooperation with the client among 200 Israelis with work-related disabilities.
Abstract: The study tested the association between the individual's locus of control, his/her attitudes toward work (“work personality”) and the rehabilitation counselor's evaluation of his/her cooperation with the client among 200 Israelis with work-related disabilities. The core findings were the relationship between the person's locus of control (internal) and his/her attitudes toward work (“work personality”), and between the degree of cooperation with the client and the latter favorable attitudes toward his/her work. Findings are interpreted in respect to practice.
17 citations
TL;DR: The adaptation concerns of families of people with head injuries were investigated and form the basis of a consumer-driven action agenda for public policy, practice, and long-term service provision designed to promote positive family adaptation to head injury.
Abstract: The adaptation concerns of families of people with head injuries were investigated by administering the Family Adaptation Concerns Questionnaire (FAQ) to 82 primary caregivers of persons with head injuries recruited through the Georgia Head Injury Association. Respondents cited the following as family adaptation strengths: (a) encouragement and support from friends; (b) positive family outlook; (c) availability of a family support group; and (d) family unity, loyalty, and cooperation. Primary family adaptation problems identified included: (a) lack of respite, (b) unavailability of vocational and rehabilitation services, (c) minimal assistance for meeting day-to-day head injury-related needs, (d) inappropriate living situations for the family member with the head injury, and (e) emotional and behavioral problems in the member with the injury. These findings form the basis of a consumer-driven action agenda for public policy, practice, and long-term service provision designed to promote positive family adaptation to head injury.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of supervisors in the process of return to work and job maintenance of workers with disabilities and the implications of this role for the work of rehabilitation counselors are explored. But, their work is limited to one worksite.
Abstract: This paper explores the role of supervisors in the process of return to work and job maintenance of workers with disabilities and the implications of this role for the work of rehabilitation counselors. To evaluate the role of supervisors in the adjustment process a comprehensive disability management effort at one worksite was studied in-depth. Surveys were completed by 25 workers with disabilities and their supervisors about the functional limitations caused by the disabling conditions and responsiveness of the supervisors to these limitations. Results show that successful adjustment to work is affected by the ability of supervisors to make accurate assessments of when conditions interfere with job performance, identify problems caused by disabling conditions, develop appropriate accommodations, monitor accommodation effectiveness and facilitate communication between workers with disabilities and their co-workers. Rehabilitation counselors can help to prepare the worksite for client return, assist with the communication and accommodation processes and provide ongoing support for the workers with disabilities.
17 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical perspectives of psychosocial theories of adaptation and the role of humor in coping with disability are integrated and then applied to the practice of rehabilitation counseling with examples.
Abstract: Extensive research on the use of humor in coping with stress has been conducted within the field of social psychology. Within the field of rehabilitation counseling there is a vast body of theory and research on the psychosocial aspects of adaptation to disability. The purpose of this article is to integrate the theoretical perspectives of psychosocial theories of adaptation and the role of humor in coping with disability. This integrated perspective is then applied to the practice of rehabilitation counseling with examples.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the levels of self-esteem and job satisfaction of vocational rehabilitation professionals and determined if a relationship exists between these variables and found significant correlations were found between selfesteem and overall career satisfaction in addition to three of the motivation/hygiene factors.
Abstract: The purpose of this relationship study was to examine the levels of self-esteem and job satisfaction of vocational rehabilitation professionals and to determine if a relationship exists between these variables. A specific focus was on Herzberg's motivation/hygiene factors. As a group, the respondents demonstrated high levels of self-esteem. While respondents reported a high degree of overall career satisfaction, they reported much lower satisfaction levels with hygiene factors. Perhaps more significantly, respondents reported lower levels of satisfaction with two of the motivation factors. Significant correlations were found between self-esteem and overall career satisfaction in addition to three of the motivation/hygiene factors. Based on the findings of this study, readers are requested to remain mindful of the self-esteem and job related needs of those who serve people with disabilities.
12 citations
TL;DR: The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 represent significant changes in one of the oldest pieces of social legislation in the United States as discussed by the authors and present new statements of philosophy and purpose, revise the eligibility criteria and determination process, re-emphasize the use of the order of selection device, strengthen the requirements for consumer involvement, and strengthen the emphasis on the transition of youth with disabilities from school to adult life.
Abstract: The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992 represent significant changes in one of the oldest pieces of social legislation in the United States. The amendments present new statements of philosophy and purpose, revise the eligibility criteria and determination process, re-emphasize the use of the order of selection device, strengthen the requirements for consumer involvement, and strengthen the emphasis on the transition of youth with disabilities from school to adult life. However, the amendments leave several important issues unresolved. These include funding levels for basic rehabilitation services; the implications of the mandate to serve those with the most severe disabilities first; and the type, quality, and availability of community-based rehabilitation services.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined correlates of self-consciousness and self-disclosure by comparing two filmed interventions: one of these modeled appropriate behaviors when encountering someone who is blind (symbolic modeling of skills), while the second featured a blind man during everyday activities (self-disclosed).
Abstract: This study tested aspects of the Attentional Mechanisms Model of Interaction Stram (AMMIS) by examining correlates of dispositionally self-focused attention (self-consciousness) and by comparing two filmed interventions: one of these modeled appropriate behaviors when encountering someone who is blind (symbolic modeling of skills), while the second featured a blind man during everyday activities (self-disclosure). Results indicate that self-focused attention is related to negative outcomes and that both the modeling and the self-disclosure films had beneficial effects on thoughts, feelings, self-efficacy beliefs, and attitudes, compared to no intervention. While symbolic modeling was expected to result in more favorable outcomes, self-disclosure generally produced superior results. Implications for research, skills training, and attitude change are discussed.
TL;DR: A content analysis of five rehabilitation journals from 1984-1994 was conducted to determine the extent to which cultural diversity was addressed as mentioned in this paper, which identified the prevalence of cultural diversity articles, the definitional categories included, the most frequently published primary authors, the authors most frequently publish based on gender, and the number of empirical and theoretical articles.
Abstract: A content analysis of five rehabilitation journals from 1984 thru 1994 was conducted to determine the extent to which cultural diversity was addressed. Cultural diversity was defined based on the following categories: age, gender, language, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. The analysis identified the prevalence of cultural diversity articles, the definitional categories included, the most frequently published primary authors, the authors most frequently published based on gender, and the number of empirical and theoretical articles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify specific emotional and behavioral barriers that have prevented depression patients from maintaining employment and identify support mechanisms to reduce cognitive and behavioral deficits on the job, but are often ignored by the helping professions when assisting clients with work related issues.
Abstract: Persons with a depressive disability experience difficulty in performance, absenteeism, productivity, and the possibility of frequent safety risks in the workplace. These behaviors are cognitive deficits of the illness, but are often ignored by the helping professions when assisting clients with work related issues. The disability is intermittent in nature often requiring cognitive accommodations in the workplace. The study identifies, through case study interview, specific emotional and behavioral barriers that have prevented clients from maintaining employment. And the study identifies support mechanisms to reduce cognitive and behavioral deficits on the job.
TL;DR: An exploratory assessment of the influence that both situation-specific and general cognitive coping strategies exert on measures of disability among persons with chronic pain suggested that one of the situation- specific cognitive strategies, helplessness, was associated with both measures of Disability: interference due to pain and self control.
Abstract: This study was an exploratory assessment of the influence that both situation-specific (cognitive coping strategies) and general cognitive coping strategies (cognitive coping modes) exert on measures of disability among persons with chronic pain. A demographics sheet and three assessment instruments, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory were distributed to 103 individuals with chronic pain. After controlling for two demographic variables, compensation status and age, results suggested that one of the situation-specific cognitive strategies, helplessness, was associated with both measures of disability: interference due to pain and self control. One of the general strategies, avoidance, was associated with both measures of disability. A second general strategy, acceptance/resignation, was associated with perceived self-control. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explain often overlooked contextual and mediating factors that influence the career development of minorities with disabilities, including cultural and counselor orientation, castification and history, meaning of disability, independence or interdependence, racial identity and acculturation, language, role models, types of interventions, structural factors and opportunity structures, and gender and ethnicity interactions.
Abstract: The purpose of this manuscript is to explain often overlooked contextual and mediating factors that influence the career development of minorities with disabilities. Literature from rehabilitation, counseling, and vocational psychology is used to provide insights into the influences of the following factors: culture and counselor orientation, castification and history, meaning of disability, independence or interdependence, racial identity and acculturation, language, role models, types of interventions, structural factors and opportunity structures, and gender and ethnicity interactions. Tips are provided for culturally sensitive rehabilitation counseling.
TL;DR: Diagnostic issues and challenges for determining psychopathology in individuals with mental retardation are examined and implications for rehabilitation counselors working with this population are addressed.
Abstract: Individuals with mental retardation are at a greater than average risk of developing psychiatric disorders. Many of these individuals are being seen by rehabilitation counselors through various community settings. The accurate diagnosis of psychopathology within this at-risk population helps the rehabilitation counselor to develop and implement appropriate service delivery. Thus, the diagnostic process is a critical aspect of the counseling process. This article examines diagnostic issues and challenges for determining psychopathology in individuals with mental retardation. Aspects of mental retardation that influence the diagnostic process, assessment measures, the importance of the clinical interview, and implications for rehabilitation counselors who are working with this population are also addressed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a defense of the position of rehabilitation counselors in schools is posed, the type of services they may offer in a school setting is described, and a potential training program to enhance their effectiveness in the schools is proposed.
Abstract: Rehabilitation counselors, by virtue of their training, are ideal professionals to render services in the school systems. The large number of students at risk, including but extending beyond those with disabilities, also argues for the inclusion of these professionals in school settings. Yet rehabilitation counselors remain underemployed in the academic realm. In this article, a defense of the position of rehabilitation counselors in schools is posed, the type of services they may offer in a school setting is described, and a potential training program to enhance their effectiveness in the schools is proposed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors seek to promote greater awareness of the importance of understanding issues specific to providing career counseling and development services to African Americans with disabilities, and identify career counseling interventions that are effective in meeting the complex needs of African Americans who are interested in attaining occupational success.
Abstract: This paper seeks to promote greater awareness of the importance of understanding issues specific to providing career counseling and development services to African Americans with disabilities. This goal is accomplished in three ways. First, this paper identifies issues relevant to African Americans with disabilities. Second, existing career counseling strategies will be analyzed in regards to the needs of African Americans with disabilities. Lastly, attention is devoted towards identifying career counselling interventions that are effective in meeting the complex needs of African Americans with disabilities who are interested in attaining occupational success.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overall three-tier inter-agency structure which provides a foundation for successful collaborative agency planning and service provision for students with intellectual disabilities, in order to provide effective outcomebased transition services.
Abstract: Functional linkage between school and adult service agencies is an essential component of effective transition planning and service provision for students with intellectual disabilities. In order to provide effective outcome-based transition services, models for interagency cooperation were designed and written for state and local-level agencies which commit agency resources to realizing transition related outcomes. The purpose of this article is to present an overall three-tier interagency structure which provides a foundation for successful collaborative agency planning and service provision for students with intellectual disabilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined cognitive therapy and Livneh's model to produce a comprehensive approach to help individuals in the five phases of reaction to physical trauma, and specific interventions are suggested for dealing with the cognitive, defense mechanisms and emotional aspects in each phase.
Abstract: Rehabilitation Counselors frequently work with individuals who have recently experienced severe traumatic physical injuries. Beck originated cognitive therapy, a comprehensive approach to dealing with dysfunctional cognition and behavior. Livneh has proposed a model of adaptation to traumatic physical injuries with five phases. Each phase contains different cognitive, defensive, behavioral, and emotional reactions to the resulting disabilities. In this article, Beck's cognitive therapy and Livneh's model are combined to produce a comprehensive approach to help individuals in the five phases of reaction to physical trauma. Specific interventions are suggested for dealing with the cognitive, defense mechanisms, and emotional aspects in each phase.
TL;DR: Given the results of this research, it is recommended that university students with disabilities receive greater exposure to civil rights laws pertaining to people with disabilities.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gather data about university students' familiarity with the civil rights laws pertaining to people with disabilities: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A majority of nondisabled students and students with disabilities reported that they had little, very little, or no knowledge at all of civil rights laws pertaining to people with disabilities. In addition, a significant difference was found between the number of university students with disabilities and students without disabilities requesting accommodations from employers. Furthermore, less than 30% of the university students with disabilities in this study requested a workplace accommodation. Given the results of this research, it is recommended that university students with disabilities receive greater exposure to civil rights laws pertaining to people with disabilities.
TL;DR: In this article, the attitudes of personal attendants toward persons with severe disabilities, their own self-esteem, and the relationship between these two variables were examined, and it was found that selfesteem was positively related to attitudes toward people with disabilities.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of personal attendants (PAs) toward persons with severe disabilities, their own self-esteem, and the relationship between these two variables. As a group, the PAs demonstrated moderately positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities and positive self-esteem as measured by the Issues in Disabilities Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. It was found that self-esteem was positively related to attitudes toward persons with disabilities.
TL;DR: In this article, counseling issues rehabilitation counselors are likely to encounter when working with adult survivors of child sexual abuse are examined, and an overview of treatment considerations and implications for rehabilitation counselors is given.
Abstract: This paper examines counseling issues rehabilitation counselors are likely to encounter when working with adult survivors of child sexual abuse. First, this paper defines child sexual abuse and reviews statistics on prevalence among people with disabilities. It then examines adult psychosocial dysfunction and symptomatology, mental health issues, and substance abuse related to child sexual abuse. Finally, an overview of treatment considerations and implications for rehabilitation counselors is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore various definitions of independence, the development of personal visions unconstrained by disability, and the role of independent living centers in the lives of people who happen to have disabilities.
Abstract: Independent living has evolved from legislative language into a philosophical framework for services designed to enhance opportunities for independence for people with disabilities. Although sometimes difficult to accomplish, providing services consistent with the independent living philosophy can foster a spirit of self-sufficiency and individuality in consumers. A life-long goal for people with disabilities is to develop personal visions of independence that embrace disability, but do not depend solely on disability for absolute definition. People with disabilities and their families know from personal experience the complexities of maintaining a balance between disability-related issues and the part of life that has little to do with disability status. This article explores various definitions of independence, the development of personal visions unconstrained by disability, and the role of independent living centers in the lives of people who happen to have disabilities.
TL;DR: The degree of stress in a group of injured workers is examined and Comparisons are made with several non-injured groups.
Abstract: Stress has come to be viewed as a cause or contributing factor of worker disability, and also as a co-symptom or result of worker injury or disability. This article examines the degree of stress in a group of injured workers. Comparisons are made with several non-injured groups.
TL;DR: Using the Human Service Scale, the rehabilitation needs of 66 adults receiving in-patient treatment for alcohol dependency were examined andulfillment in Emotional Security significantly improved as a function of participation in the inpatient alcohol program.
Abstract: Using the Human Service Scale (HSS), the rehabilitation needs of 66 adults receiving in-patient treatment for alcohol dependency were examined. Participants reported at least average need fulfillment on the subscales of the HSS at the start of treatment. Fulfillment in Emotional Security significantly improved as a function of participation in the inpatient alcohol program. Gender differences in needs were also found and their implications for treatment strategies are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the prestige of master's level training programs in rehabilitation counseling as assessed by directors of these programs throughout the United States was investigated and two types of indicators were employed in this investigation.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prestige of master's level training programs in rehabilitation counseling as assessed by directors of these programs throughout the United States. Two types of indicators were employed in this investigation. Subjective peer evaluations required respondents to choose the five Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) accredited programs that they considered to be “most prestigious.” Then, respondents were asked to rate each of the five programs selected according to specific scales of program quality. The results were tabulated and compared to an objective indicator. Publication records were considered to indicate program and/or faculty visibility and achievement in research areas. Seventy-seven of the respondents were from programs accredited by CORE and fourteen were from programs that were institutional members of the National Council on Rehabilitation Education (NCRE) and not CORE accredited at the time of response. The findings of this study provide information from which universities, faculty, students, prospective students and funding sources may assess the standing of a particular program within the rehabilitation education community. This inquiry represents the first of its kind in the field of rehabilitation counseling.
TL;DR: This paper investigated the prevalence of refereed articles with a primary focus on cultural diversity in four major rehabilitation journals, and found only a small percentage of articles on ethnicity between 1980 and 1993.
Abstract: Given the ethnicity of many consumers, cultural diversity issues deserve scholarly debate, discussion, and investigation in the professional rehabilitation literature. This study, which investigated the prevalence of refereed articles with a primary focus on cultural diversity in four major rehabilitation journals, found only a small percentage of articles on ethnicity between 1980 and 1993. Because information and research on cultural diversity issues significantly impact the ability of rehabilitation professionals to effectively serve culturally diverse populations, the increased percentage of articles between 1990 and 1993 is a positive sign for both consumers and providers of rehabilitation services.
TL;DR: In this article, counselors participated in one of three workshops using the Re-Employment for the Sexual Addict/Offender Program (REOP) to increase counselors' understanding of re-employment strategies for the sexual addict/offender.
Abstract: Thirty-five counselors participated in one of three workshops using the Re-Employment for the Sexual Addict/Offender Program. The workshops were designed to increase counselors' understanding of re-employment strategies for the sexual addict/offender. Although a majority of the participants reported little or no experience with this population, their self-report scores showed a consistent positive change from pre- to post-assessments.
TL;DR: This article intends to help authors, especially practitioners who have not submitted previously, organize research materials for writing articles, and presents a model of organizing standard components of a professional journal article.
Abstract: Encouraging rehabilitation counseling practitioners to enter the arena of journal-writing is an ongoing concern of the profession. This article intends to help authors, especially practitioners who have not submitted previously, organize research materials for writing articles. A model of organizing standard components of a professional journal article is presented and discussed. The guidelines presented also provide a summary of the manuscript format and editorial review process. Suggestions presented provide a basis for assisting the rehabilitation counselor practitioner who is considering writing a journal article.