Journal of Archives in Military Medicine 

About: Journal of Archives in Military Medicine is an academic journal published by Kowsar Medical Institute. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 2345-5071. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 229 publications have been published receiving 441 citations. The journal is also known as: JAMM.

Bone Micro-Fracture Observations From Direct Impact of Slow Velocity Projectiles

Abstract: Background: Skeletal fractures produced by bullet impacts are unique and yet their mechanism remains poorly understood. Objectives: To understand the initiation and propagation of direct ballistic skeletal fractures on cylindrical bones. Materials and Methods: We observed the effect of 9 mm spherical non-deforming steel projectiles fired at increasing velocities of 10 ft/s (3 m/s) to 200 ft/s (60 m/s) (pre-impact kinetic energy of 0.013-5.35 J) directly upon skeletally mature deer femora. Skeletal damage was assessed following micro-computed tomography and fluorescent microscopy. Results: A cascade of injury severity was identified, with fractures first seen at a pre-impact kinetic energy of 1.08 J and progressing from localized micro-fragmentation and indentation to long radiating fractures. Bone indentation was found to increase with increasing projectile speed. Conclusions: The deformation and resultant fracture process occurs as a reproducible cone crack cascade with an expanding zone of fragmentation. This knowledge should aid clinicians in understanding the formation of fracture fragments, the forces exerted on these fragments and the areas of residual weakness to ensure optimal skeletal management. Keywords: Forensic Ballistics; Fractures, Bone; Wounds, Gunshot; Orthopedics

Toxoplasmosis Among Patients with Immunocompromising Conditions: A Snapshot

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis Among Patients with Immunocompromising Conditions: A Snapshot Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Barati, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Majid Pirestani, and Seyyed Javad Hoseini Shokouh Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Mohammad Barati, Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2143822990, E-mail: mbaratim@gmail.com

Stimulated Saliva Glucose as a Diagnostic Specimen for Detection of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Background: Saliva is believed to be a mirror of the body, and may be acknowledged as a promising medium for monitoring health and disease condition of an individual in healthcare programs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the stimulated saliva glucose as a diagnostic specimen in clinical practices for detection of diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 30 patients with diabetes mellitus aged 25-71 years (mean ± SEM: 53.7 ± 1.2) who hospitalized with diabetes side effects, and 30 healthy control subjects aged 25-71 (52.7 ± 1.9) years. Serum and saliva samples were obtained. Glucose level was determined by an enzymatic colorimetric GOD-PAP assay. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean of stimulated whole saliva glucose level was significantly higher in the case than in the control group (P = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum and saliva glucose concentration (r = 0.64, P = 0. 001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that salivary level of glucose may reflect the serum values.It seems that salivary glucose can be used as an alternative of serum glucose for diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Saliva

An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

Abstract: Vaccination has had great success in history of medicine with both infectious and non-infectious diseases listed in the realm of vaccines. The significant decrease in deaths from infectious and non-infectious diseases by development of vaccines has had a huge impact on the world health. Since the 20th century, for preventive and treatment purposes, there has been an emergence of new and diverse range of vaccines in medicine. Also, there are ongoing extensive efforts to increase the efficiency and performance of vaccines and reduce the risks, which are associated with humans. Despite of the development of advanced and effective vaccines in the recent decades, vaccines should be presented with different mechanisms to prevent epidemic and pandemic diseases. Vaccination has received the greatest attention in military aspects and several vaccines have been developed. Therefore, it seems that the study of different types and generations of vaccines, understanding their evolution, and production and development of new and modern vaccine is essential. Keywords: Vaccines; Medical Science; Prevention; Treatment

Epidemiology of Human Fascioliasis Outbreaks in Iran

Abstract: The increase in number of human fascioliasis and its outbreaks in the last two decades have changed the status of fascioliasis from a zoonosis to an immerging health problem. The infection is found in 61 countries where 160 million peoples are at risk. Fasciola infection in livestock may be found in some parts of Iran with various infection rates in cattle. As the human infection was rarely reported with patchy distribution in some provinces of Iran, the condition was changed since 1989 when the first outbreak of human fascioliasis occurred in Gilan Province located in north of Iran where about 10,000 people found infected and total number of infected cases estimated to be 2465. The contributing factors of the outbreak were higher number of rainfalls, using the infested water and high consumption of wild aquatic plants in infested areas. Various methods applied for identification of Fasciola species leading to human infection in infected areas revealed that three species of Fasciola, namely, F. hepatica, F. gigantica and a hybrid of the two species the causes of infection. The role of local snails in transmission of the infection was determined and using the serodiagnostic methods for future epidemiological survey was recommended.