Showing papers in "Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2002"

TL;DR: Antibody-dependent cellular cytot toxicity assays using purified peripheral blood monocytes or natural killer cells from several donors showed enhanced cytotoxicity, especially evident at lower antibody concentrations.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration results in a increase in intracellular fatty acyl-CoA and DAG concentrations, which results in activation of PKC-θ leading to increased IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation is supported.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exogenously added HSP70 possesses potent cytokine activity, with the ability to bind with high affinity to the plasma membrane, elicit a rapid intracellular Ca2+ flux, activate NF-κB, and up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes.

TL;DR: The results do not support the idea that mitochondria produce considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species under physiological conditions and the proportion of electron flow giving rise to hydrogen peroxide with palmitoyl carnitine as substrate is more than an order of magnitude lower than commonly cited values.

TL;DR: The results suggest that FTY720, after phosphorylation, acts through sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathways to modulate chemotactic responses and lymphocyte trafficking.

TL;DR: Data demonstrate that protocols developed to produce oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ-(1–42) are useful in distinguishing the structural and functional differences between A β-(1-42) and Aβ-1–40 and genetic mutations of Aβ.

TL;DR: This study provides the first direct evidence that adiponectin plays a protective role against insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in vivo.

TL;DR: The physiological role of ACE2 is elucidated, and its catalytic activity was characterized, and a consensus sequence of: Pro-X (1–3 residues)-Pro-Hydrophobic, where hydrolysis occurs between proline and the hydrophobic amino acid is revealed.

TL;DR: It is found that the EGFRK activation loop adopts a conformation similar to that of the phosphorylated active form of the kinase domain from the insulin receptor, which is distinguished from all other known receptor tyrosine kinases in possessing constitutive kinase activity without a phosphorylation event within their kinase domains.

TL;DR: It is shown that incubation of muscle cells with the thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone, leads to a dramatic increase in this ratio with the concomitant activation of AMPK, which raises the possibility that a number of the beneficial effects of the th Diazolidinediones could be mediated via activated AMPK.

TL;DR: The study of murine cardiac cells derived from hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) knockout mice has provided the most convincing evidence for a signaling capability of hyAluronan, and results suggest that hy aluronan signals through Ras to regulate motility are consistent with previous studies showing that exogenous hyaltonanreceptor interactions regulate Ras signaling.

TL;DR: It is shown here that nicotinamide strongly inhibits yeast silencing, increases rDNA recombination, and shortens replicative life span to that of asir2 mutant, demonstrating that silent heterochromatin requires continual Sir2 activity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the reversible inactivation of PTEN by H2O2 might be important for the accumulation of 3′-phosphorylated phosphoinositides and that the uncontrolled generation of H 2O2 associated with certain pathological conditions might contribute to cell proliferation by inhibiting PTEN function.

TL;DR: It is found that TLR2 and TLR4 confer responsiveness to HSP70 in 293T fibroblasts and the expanding list of endogenous ligands able to activate the ancient Toll/IL-1 receptor signal pathway is in line with the “danger hypothesis” proposing that the innate immune system senses danger signals even if they originate from self.

TL;DR: In 32D myeloid progenitor cells, phosphorylation of Ser307 inhibited insulin stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MAPK cascades, suggesting that inhibition of PTB domain function in IRS-1 by phosphorylated Ser307 might be a general mechanism to regulate insulin signaling.

TL;DR: The TCA cycle is the central process in energy metabolism, but it also functions in biosynthetic pathways in which intermediates leave the cycle to be converted primarily to glucose, fatty acids, or non-essential amino acids.

TL;DR: It is shown that phosphorylation of purified rat Nrf2 by the catalytic subunit of PKC was blocked by a synthetic peptide mimicking one of the potential PKC sites, suggesting that the PKC-catalyzed phosphorylating of NRF2 at Ser-40 is a critical signaling event leading to ARE-mediated cellular antioxidant response.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SR-A and CD36 are responsible for the preponderance of modified LDL uptake in macrophages and that other scavenger receptors do not compensate for their absence.

TL;DR: Data suggest that PC, rather than PE and PG, is the majorin vivo substrate of PLDα, and the greater loss of PC and increase in PA in wild-type plants as compared with PLD α-deficient plants may be responsible for destabilizing membrane bilayer structure.

TL;DR: These studies demonstrate that specific targeting of NF-κB can overcome the growth and survival advantage conferred both by tumor cell binding to BMSCs and cytokine secretion in the BM milieu.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MRP2 is regulated by three distinct nuclear receptor signaling pathways that converge on a common response element in the 5′-flanking region of this gene.

TL;DR: SOCS-mediated degradation of IRS proteins, presumably via the elongin BC ubiquitin-ligase, might be a general mechanism of inflammation-induced insulin resistance, providing a target for therapy.

TL;DR: The results suggest that myostatin inhibits MyoD activity and expression via Smad 3 resulting in the failure of the myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes, and it is proposed that the muscular hyperplasia and hypertrophy seen in animals that lack functional mystatin is because of deregulated proliferation and differentiation of myoblast.

TL;DR: Release of ATP through connexin hemichannel activator quinine represents a novel signaling pathway for intercellular communication in astrocytes and other non-excitable cells.

TL;DR: The existence of several hot spots for ligand interactions on type I collagen and the existence of mutations associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and other disorders show apparently nonrandom distribution patterns within both the monomer and fibril, implying that mutation positions correlate with disease phenotype.

TL;DR: This is the first investigation to demonstrate changes in translation initiation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to AMPK activation.

TL;DR: It is reported that Id1, a dominant negative inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, is a direct target gene for BMP, and the results provide important new insights into how the BMP/Smad pathway can specifically activate target genes.

TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that recombinant caspase-12 specifically cleaves and activates procaspase 9 in cytosolic extracts, which catalyzes cleavage of -3, which is inhibited by a specific inhibitor.

TL;DR: This work presents the first crystal structure of an active laccase containing a full complement of coppers, the complete polypeptide chain together with seven carbohydrate moieties, and a mechanism is presented to explain how laccases could tune their redox potential by as much as 200 mV.