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Showing papers in "Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2003"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown here that Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through the recognition of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal bioactive peptIDoglycan motif common to all bacteria.

2,310 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that murine IL-23, which is produced by activated dendritic cells, acts on memory T cells, resulting in elevated IL-17 secretion, which suggests that during a secondary immune response, IL- 23 can promote an activation state with features distinct from the well characterized Th1 and Th2 profiles.

1,909 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GPR41 was expressed primarily in adipose tissue, whereas the highest levels of GPR43 were found in immune cells, and was activated by similar ligands but with differing specificity for carbon chain length, with pentanoate being the most potent agonist.

1,876 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Shizuo Akira1
TL;DR: Current understanding of the TLR signaling pathways is reviewed, which shows that individual TLRs can activate overlapping as well as distinct signaling pathways, ultimately giving rise to distinct biological effects.

1,806 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the lack of fucosylation of IgG1 has the most critical role in enhancement of ADCC, although several reports have suggested the importance of Gal or bisecting GlcNAc and provide important information to produce the effective therapeutic antibody.

1,691 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NOD2 mediates the host response to bacterial muropeptides derived from peptidoglycan, an activity that is important for protection against Crohn's disease and has implications for understanding adjuvant function and effective vaccine development.

1,652 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria of Sprague-Dawley rat heart and corresponding submitochondrial particles using the amplex red assay.

1,406 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that not only is α-synuclein degraded by the proteasome, but it is also degraded by autophagy, which merits consideration as a potential therapeutic for Parkinsons disease, as it is designed for chronic use in humans.

1,389 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pharmacology of GPR43 matches indeed the effects of SCFAs on neutrophils, in terms of intracellular Ca2+ release and chemotaxis, and might constitute a target allowing us to modulate immune responses in these pathological situations.

1,316 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that a novel G protein-coupled receptor, TGR5, is responsive to bile acids as a cell-surface receptor, and was abundantly expressed in monocytes/macrophages in human and rabbit.

1,301 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that rotenone is able to induce apoptosis via enhancing the amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Not only can hROS be differentiated from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (O 2 ⨪ ) by usingHPF or APF alone, but −OCl can also be specifically detected by using HPF and APF together.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that there is a profound sexual dimorphism of Acrp30 levels and complex distribution in serum and a new model for in vivo activation of the protein, implicating a serum reductase activity is suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that OPA1 is a major organizer of the mitochondrial inner membrane from which the maintenance of the cristae integrity depends and that abnormal apoptosis is a possible pathophysiological process leading to the retinal ganglion cells degeneration in ADOA patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results provide direct support for the proton sponge hypothesis and thus a rational basis for the design of improved non-viral vectors for gene delivery.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that human subcutaneous adipose cells, like 3T3-L1 cells, are target cells for IL-6 and that it may act in concert with other cytokines that also are up-regulated in adipose Cells in insulin resistance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that GPR40 was specifically expressed in brain and Pancreas, with expression in rodent pancreas being localized to insulin-producing β-cells.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Nrf2 is subject to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation independently of both Keap1 and the redox environment of the cell, and the N-terminal Neh2 domain is identified as theRedox-sensitive degron.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that simple SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and non-heat-denaturing conditions clearly separates multimer species of adiponectin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that MeCP2 associates with histone methyltransferase activity in vivo and that this activity is directed against Lys9 of histone H3, and this activity coincides with an increase in H3 Lys9methylation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This manuscript represents the first study using a single chemically and structurally homogeneous unaggregated starting material to demonstrate that the formation of oligomers, fibrils, and fibrillar aggregates is determined by time, concentration, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and Aβ species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is indicated that DHA is the precursor to potent protective mediators generated via enzymatic oxygenations to novel docosatrienes and 17Sseries resolvins that each regulate events of interest in inflammation and resolution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that adiponectin has novel vascular actions to directly stimulate production of NO in endothelial cells using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathways involving phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 by AMPK.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that replenishment of globular adiponectin may provide a novel treatment modality for both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, and this is the first demonstration that globular leptin can protect against Atherosclerosis in vivo.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings strongly indicate that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AS160 is required for GLUT4 translocation and that this phosphorylated signals translocation through inactivation of the Rab GAP function.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A mouse model bearing a germline disruption in parkin is generated, providing the first evidence for a novel role of parkin in dopamine regulation and nigrostriatal function, and a non-essential role in the survival of nigral neurons in mice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data suggest that recruitment of membrane proteins from the limiting membranes into the internal vesicles of multivesicular bodies may involve their incorporation into tetraspanin-containing detergent-resistant membrane domains.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that Mfn2 (mitofusin 2), a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells, is induced during myogenesis and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that a cardiolipin-deficient strain harbored almost inactive resting cytochrome c oxidase in the membrane and Transition to the fully active pulsed state occurred on a minute time scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The view that docosahexaenoate only participates in brain damage is challenged and it is demonstrated that this fatty acid is also the endogenous precursor to a neuroprotective signaling response to ischemia-reperfusion.