Showing papers in "Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2004"

TL;DR: This review will largely focus on the current understanding of the structure of CRP, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its apparent functions.

TL;DR: Interactions ofHMGB1 with TLR 2 and TLR 4 may provide an explanation for the ability of HMGB1 to generate inflammatory responses that are similar to those initiated by LPS.

TL;DR: The hypothesis hepatic steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance by stimulating gluconeogenesis and activating PKC-ϵ and JNK1, which may interfere with tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and impair the ability of insulin to activate glycogen synthase is supported.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that changes in SA in a number of type 2 diabetic cohorts serve as a quantitative indicator of improvements in insulin sensitivity obtained during TZD treatment, whereas changes in total serum adiponectin levels do not correlate well at the individual level.

TL;DR: Current understanding of replication fidelity is reviewed, with emphasis on structural and biochemical studies of DNA polymerases that provide new insights into the importance of hydrogen bonding, base pair geometry, and substrate-induced conformational changes to fidelity.

TL;DR: Differences in AHR affinity between inbred mouse strains reflect variations in CYP1 inducibility and clearly have been shown to be associated with differences in risk of toxicity or cancer caused by PAHs and arylamines.

TL;DR: Results indicate that histone-associated heterochromatin undergoes changes in structure during the formation of long term memory, which enhances a cellular process thought to underlie longterm memory formation, hippocampal long term potentiation, and memory formation itself.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that heterologous RNA released from or associated with necrotic cells or generated by in vitro transcription also stimulates TLR3 and induces immune activation and this finding has potential physiologic relevance because RNA escaping from damaged tissue or contained within endocytosed cells could serve as an endogenous ligand forTLR3 that induces or otherwise modulates immune responses.

TL;DR: It is reported that the combination of expression data and functional assay results identified a role for miR-143 in adipocyte differentiation and may act through target gene ERK5.

TL;DR: It is shown using suppression by small interference RNA that each of the three PHD isoforms contributes in a non-redundant manner to the regulation of both Hif-1α and HIF-2α subunits and that the contribution of each PHD under particular culture conditions is strongly dependent on the abundance of the enzyme.

TL;DR: This minireview provides an overview of multiple biochemical pathways and mechanisms of action implicated in the deleterious effects of chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress on the function of vascular, retinal, and renal tissues and a consideration of whether antioxidant strategies might be used to protect further deterioration of the beta cell after the onset of diabetes and hyper glycemia.

TL;DR: The property that blebbistatin blocks myosin II in an actin-detached state makes the compound useful both in muscle physiology and in exploring the cellular function of cytoplasmic myOSin II isoforms, whereas the stabilization of a specificMyosin intermediate confers a great potential in structural studies.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Complex I-dependent superoxide is exclusively released into the matrix and that no detectable levels escape from intact mitochondria, fitting well with the proposed site of electron leak at Complex I.

TL;DR: Analysis of proteomic, genetic, and physiological analyses reveal an essential role for parkin in the regulation of mitochondrial function and provide the first direct evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in the absence of nigral degeneration in a genetic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: By substitution of surface-exposed residues on the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein with cysteines in appropriate positions to form disulfide bonds, reduction-oxidation-sensitive GFPs (roGFPs) have been created and targeted to the mitochondria in HeLa cells.

TL;DR: It is found that Nampt was the ratelimiting component in this mammalian NAD biosynthesis pathway and regulates the function of Sir2α and thereby plays an important role in controlling various biological events in mammals.

TL;DR: It is reported that soluble oligomers from several types of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides specifically increase lipid bilayer conductance regardless of the sequence, while fibrils and soluble low molecular weight species have no effect.

TL;DR: It is reported that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a major curcumanoid in the spice turmeric, is a specific inhibitor of the p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP) HAT activity but not of p300-associated factor, in vitro and in vivo.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that a specific phospholipase D is responsible for the generation of N-acylethanolamines including anandamide, strongly suggesting the physiological importance of lipid molecules of this class.

TL;DR: Data indicate that adiponectin can function to stimulate the new blood vessel growth by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling within endothelial cells.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that CHOP is involved in THG up-regulation of DR5, which is a critical step for ER stress-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells, and a potential CHOP-binding site in the 5′-flanking region of the DR5 gene is identified.

TL;DR: Overproduction of ROS underlies the cellular toxicity of tBHP and 3NP, and ROS mediate cytochrome c release via MPT, and these IMM-targeted antioxidants may be very beneficial in the treatment of aging and diseases associated with oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Adipocytes contain specific structural proteins as well as lipid metabolic enzymes; the structural reorganization of lipid droplets in response to the hormonal stimulation of lipolysis is accompanied by increases in the relative mass of several proteins and the recruitment of additional proteins.

TL;DR: The response of the redox probes under physiological redox changes during superoxide bursts in macrophage cells, hyperoxic and hypoxic conditions, and in responses to H2O2-stimulating agents, e.g. epidermal growth factor and lysophosphatidic acid is investigated.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that counter-regulatory hormones involved in appetite control regulate AMPK activity and that pharmacological activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus increases food intake, and that AMPK is identified as a novel target for anti-obesity drugs.

TL;DR: In vivo studies show that inhibition of γ-secretase has the expected benefit of reducing Aβ in a murine model of Alzheimer disease but has potentially undesirable biological effects as well, most likely because of the inhibition of Notch processing.

TL;DR: The development of novel fluorescent indicators for cAMP based on the cAMP-binding domains of Epac and PKA, comprised of only a single binding site lacking cooperativity, catalytic properties, and interactions with other proteins, allow us to easily image free intracellular cAMP and rapid signaling events.

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that a PARP-1-dependent DSBs end-joining activity may exist in mammalian cells and it is proposed that this mechanism could act as an alternative route of D SBs repair that complements the DNA-PK/XRCC4/ligase IV-dependent nonhomologous end- joining.

TL;DR: The relationship between integrins and mechanical forces, the role ofintegrins in cellular responses to stretch and fluid flow, and propose that some of these events are mechanistically related are proposed.

TL;DR: The long-term antioxidant effect of carnosol was partially blocked by PI3K or HO-1 inhibitors, further demonstrating that carnosols attenuates oxidative stress through a pathway that involves PI 3K and HO- 1.