Showing papers in "Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2009"

TL;DR: A possible role of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element transcriptional pathway in neuroprotection and the nature of this pathway and the mechanisms by which Keap1 acts to repress NRF2 activity are the topics of discussion in this minireview.

TL;DR: It is found that Torin1, a highly potent and selective ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor that directly inhibits both complexes, impairs cell growth and proliferation to a far greater degree than rapamycin.

TL;DR: In this article, the present invention discloses cell penetrating peptides and conjugates of a cell-penetrating peptide and a cargo molecule, as well as their conjugations.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated by using both cellular experiments and a de novo in vitro reconstituted reaction that FIP200 and ATG13 can enhance ULK1 kinase activity individually but both are required for maximal stimulation, indicating that the ULK 1·ATG13·FIP200 complex acts as a node for integrating incoming autophagy signals into autophagosome biogenesis.

TL;DR: The results of this study provide the evidence that exosomes may be used as a delivery system for paracrine diffusion of tumor malignancy, in turn supporting the importance of both exosome and tumor pH as key targets for future anti-cancer strategies.

TL;DR: The data indicate that Tau aggregates can propagate a fibrillar, misfolded state from the outside to the inside of a cell, similar to prions, which may have important implications for understanding how protein misfolding spreads through the brains of tauopathy patients.

TL;DR: It is found that loss of PINK1 function elicits oxidative stress and mitochondrial turnover coordinated by the autophagic and fission/fusion machineries, and Pink1 and Parkin may cooperate through different mechanisms to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.

TL;DR: This minireview delineates substantial gaps in knowledge of caspase function, which can be approached by techniques and experimental paradigms that are currently undergoing development.

TL;DR: It is reported that, in the absence of other components, TDP-43 spontaneously forms aggregates bearing remarkable ultrastructural similarities to TDP -43 deposits in degenerating neurons of ALS FTLD-U patients.

TL;DR: The discussion that follows seeks to introduce the reader to the complex world of Aβ assembly and biological activity, a goal it hope will provide a conceptual framework upon which further knowledge or experimentation may be built.

TL;DR: This work reviews how members of the Bacteroidetes, one of two dominant gut-associated bacterial phyla, process complex glycans using a series of similarly patterned, cell envelope-associated multiprotein systems, providing insights into how gut, as well as terrestrial and aquatic, Bacteroids survive in highly competitive ecosystems.

TL;DR: It is proposed that this mechanism prevents fibrosis and facilitates mineral deposition when miR-29b reaches peak levels and is a key regulator of development of the osteoblast phenotype by targeting anti-osteogenic factors and modulating bone extracellular matrix proteins.

TL;DR: Six different NLS classes that specifically bind to distinct binding pockets of importin α are reported, finding that they fundamentally require the regions outside the core basic residues for their activity and have specific residues or patterns that confer the activities differently between yeast, plants, and mammals.

TL;DR: It is shown here thatFOXO1 mRNA is down-regulated in breast tumor samples as compared with normal breast tissue and targeting of FOXO1 by microRNAs may contribute to transformation or maintenance of an oncogenic state in breast cancer cells.

TL;DR: The fundamental biochemical and biophysical properties of RISC that facilitate gene targeting are reviewed and the various mechanisms of gene silencing known to exploit RISC activity are described.

TL;DR: The insensitivity of the CBS-catalyzed H2S-generating reactions to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia is in stark contrast to the responsiveness of CSE and suggests a previously unrecognized role for CSE in intracellular homocysteine management, thus increasing the complexity of the sulfur metabolome.

TL;DR: Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation using antibodies to two major HIF-α subunits, and correlated the results with genome-wide transcript profiling, demonstrated that binding to this motif was highly selective, with binding enriched at distinct regions both upstream and downstream of the transcriptional start.

TL;DR: A role for CCL2 and IL-6 in the survival of myeloid monocytes recruited to the tumor microenvironment and their differentiation toward tumor-promoting M2-type macrophages via inhibition of caspase-8 cleavage and enhanced autophagy is suggested.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that TEAD is a key downstream transcription factor mediating the function of TAZ, and a functional partnership between TAZ and TEAD under negative regulation by the Hippo signaling pathway is established.

TL;DR: It is established that Thr-847 mutations to either Ala or Glu affect DSB repair efficiency, cause hypersensitivity toward DSB-generating agents, and affect the frequency and nature of radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements, suggesting that CDK-mediated control of resection in human cells operates by mechanisms similar to those recently established in yeast.

TL;DR: It is shown that TLR4 recruitment to lipid rafts and dimerization were coupled events mediated at least in part by NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species generation, which provides a new insight in understanding the mechanism by which fatty acids differentially modulateTLR4-mediated signaling pathway and consequent inflammatory responses which are implicated in the development and progression of many chronic diseases.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a humanization of Nanobodies of the subfamily of dromedary-derived antibodies and investigated the effects on antigen affinity, solubility, expression yield, and stability.

TL;DR: It is shown that high extracellular potassium opens pannexin channels leading to caspase-1 activation in primary neurons and astrocytes, in contrast to macrophages and monocytes in which low intracellular K+ has been suggested to trigger inflammasome activation, in neural cells.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the loss of multifunctional miR-122 contributes to the malignant phenotype of HCC cells, and mi R-122 mimetic alone or in combination with anticancer drugs can be a promising therapeutic regimen against liver cancer.

TL;DR: It is identified that miR-21 had a protective effect on ischemia-induced cell apoptosis that was associated with its target gene programmed cell death 4 and activator protein 1 pathway and was further confirmed in vivo by decreasedcell apoptosis in the border and infarcted areas of the infarCTed rat hearts after treatment with Ad-miR- 21.

TL;DR: It is found that miR-7 down-regulates EGFR mRNA and protein expression in cancer cell lines (lung, breast, and glioblastoma) via two of the three sites, inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death.

TL;DR: New insights into ADAMTS mechanisms indicate significant regulatory roles forADAMTS ancillary domains, propeptide processing, and glycosylation, and ADAMts-like proteins appear to have regulatory roles in the extracellular matrix.

TL;DR: Results strongly suggest that OsYSL15 is the dominant iron(III)-deoxymugineic acid transporter responsible for iron uptake from the rhizosphere and is also responsible for phloem transport of iron.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the de-SUMOylating enzymes with special attention to their biological function.

TL;DR: The results provide evidence for direct activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by biglycan and describe a fundamental paradigm of how tissue stress or injury is monitored by innate immune receptors detecting the release of the extracellular matrix components and turning such a signal into a robust inflammatory response.