Showing papers in "Journal of Biological Chemistry in 2015"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that apoE-TREM2 interaction in microglia plays critical roles in modulating phagocytosis of apo E-bound apoptotic neurons and establish a critical link between two proteins whose genes are strongly linked to the risk for AD.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that gut microbial transplantation can transmit choline diet-induced TMAO production and atherosclerosis susceptibility is tested and Gut microbes may represent a novel therapeutic target for modulating atheros sclerosis susceptibility.

TL;DR: The dramatic motor neuron degeneration and paralysis induced by Gpx4 ablation suggest that ferroptosis inhibition by GPX4 is essential for motor neuron health and survival in vivo.

TL;DR: Investigating how α-synuclein interacts with biological membranes to promote neurological disease might lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and exosomes provide catalytic environments for nucleation.

TL;DR: A model has emerged in which the host utilizes Cu and/or Zn intoxication to reduce the intracellular survival of pathogens and their direct bactericidal function.

TL;DR: Four of the major types of Fe(II)/2OG-dependent reactions are detailed: hydroxylation, halogenation, ring formation, and desaturation, and an atypical epimerization reaction is described.

TL;DR: This minireview presents an overview of the AlkB proteins including recent data on homologs, structural features, substrate specificities, and experimental strategies for studying DNA repair by AlkB family proteins.

TL;DR: Key features of formaldehyde chemistry relevant to its use in analyses of chromatin complexes are highlighted, focusing on how its properties may influence studies of Chromatin structure and function.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used pharmacological manipulation of neuronally regulated pumping of the pharyngeal muscle in the wild-type and mutants to investigate mGluR function in C. elegans.

TL;DR: It is provided first evidences that a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism of MALAT1 by miR-101 andMiR-217 exists in ESCC cells and could significantly suppress the proliferation of ES CC cells through the arrest of G2/M cell cycle.

TL;DR: Two compounds, MRT67307 and MRT68921, potently inhibit ULK1 and ULK2 in vitro and block autophagy in cells, indicating a role for ULK 1 in the maturation of autophagosomes as well as initiation.

TL;DR: New approaches are used to measure the rates at which different mitochondrial sites produce superoxide/H2O2 using isolated muscle mitochondria incubated in media mimicking the cytoplasmic substrate and effector mix of skeletal muscle during rest and exercise, finding that four or five sites dominate during rest in this ex vivo system.

TL;DR: Determination of the NADPH balance revealed that the default metabolic state of P. putida KT2440 is characterized by a slight catabolic overproduction of reducing power, which may contribute to the physiological heftiness of this bacterium in its natural habitats.

TL;DR: A strategy was identified for achieving robust display of targeting peptides on the surface of exosomes, which should facilitate the evaluation and development of new exosome-based therapeutics.

TL;DR: The results of this study implicate complex I in LPS action in macrophages, and reveal a role for complex I dysfunction in inflammatory signaling.

TL;DR: Advances toward elucidation of the function and roles of the post-translational modification of C/EBPβ during adipogenesis will greatly improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing adipogenesis.

TL;DR: It is shown that TREM2 specifically binds apolipoprotein E, a well established participant in Alzheimer disease, which reveals a link between two Alzheimer disease risk factors and may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of Nasu-Hakola disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: The results give light on the mechanisms of persulfide formation and provide quantitative evidence for the high nucleophilicity of these novel derivatives, setting the stage for understanding the contribution of the reactions of H2S with oxidized thiol derivatives to H1S effector processes.

TL;DR: Targeted osteocyte therapies could hold promise as novel osteoporosis and disuse-induced bone loss treatments by directly modulating the mechanosensing cells in bone.

TL;DR: It is shown that seeding is conferred by aggregated Tau that enters cells through macropinocytosis and seeds the assembly of endogenous Tau into filaments, and conformational differences between native and synthetic Tau aggregates that may account for the higher seeding activity of native assembled Tau.

TL;DR: Due to the number of different types of IF proteins, this short review to cover structure and function topics mainly related to the simpler homopolymeric IF networks composed of vimentin, and specifically for diseases, the related muscle-specific desmin IF networks.

TL;DR: Using computational molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis, this work identifies key residues within the active site of FAAH that confer the species-specific sensitivity to inhibition by CBD and sheds light on the mechanism of action of CBD in modulating the endocannabinoid tone in vivo.

TL;DR: The binding characteristics of the human YTH domain proteins, as well as yeast Pho92, are investigated, and the discriminative recognition of m6A among different YTH domains is indicated and only YTHDC1 harbors a distinctly selective binding pocket for the nucleotide preceding the m 6A nucleotide.

TL;DR: DJ-1 is the first protein deglycase that repairs proteins from glycation by glyoxals, which constitutes most glycation damage, and is established as a major anti-glycation and anti-aging protein.

TL;DR: It is shown that to meet energy needs, mitochondrially derived ATP is rapidly dispersed in axons, thereby maintaining near normal levels of ATP even in boutons lacking mitochondria, and proves that mitochondria-based energy failure can occur and be detected in individual neurons that have a genetic mitochondrial defect.

TL;DR: The results identify a new negative feedback mechanism involving the miR-146a/b-TRAF6/IRAK1-NF-κB axis in promoting DC apoptosis and a novel negative feedback regulation in DCs and may have implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

TL;DR: The results reveal a signaling pathway, which links integrin activation by extracellular matrix interaction to nuclear actin polymerization through the LINC complex, and therefore suggest a role for nuclear act in polymerization in the context of cellular adhesion and mechanosensing.

TL;DR: It is reported that LARP1 functions as a key repressor of TOP mRNA translation downstream of mTORC1, and reducing LARP 1 protein levels by RNA interference attenuates the inhibitory effect of rapamycin, Torin 1, and amino acid deprivation on TOP mRNAtranslation.

TL;DR: It is indicated that a clear minimum size (n = 3) of Tau seed exists for spontaneous propagation of Tau aggregation from the outside to the inside of a cell, whereas many larger sizes of soluble aggregates trigger uptake and seeding.

TL;DR: Class D methylases, unlike Class A, B, and C enzymes, are proposed to methylate sp2-hybridized carbon centers using methylenetetrahydrofolate as the source of the appended methyl carbon.