Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 

About: Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Adsorption & Freundlich equation. It has an ISSN identifier of 2423-6721. Over the lifetime, 529 publications have been published receiving 1179 citations.

Phosphorus Removal from Water and Waste Water by Chemical Precipitation Using Alum and Calcium Chloride

Abstract: Phosphorus is usually the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in inland receiving waters; therefore, phosphorus concentrations must be controlled. In the present study, a series of jar test was conducted to evaluate the optimum pH, dosage and performance parameters for coagulants alum and calcium chloride. Phosphorus removal by alum was found to be highly pH dependent with an optimum pH of 5.7-6. At this pH an alum dosage of 80 mg/l removed 83 % of the total phosphorus. Better removal was achieved when the solution was buffered at pH = 6. Phosphorus removal was not affected by varying the slow mixing period; this is due to the fact that the reaction is relatively fast.The dosage of calcium chloride and pH of solution play an important role in phosphorus removal. The removal efficiency increases with increasing pH, and the optimum dosage of CaCl2 was 60 mg/l. Alum demonstrated much better results in phosphorus removal than CaCl2.

Pyrolysis of High-density Polyethylene for the Production of Fuel-like Liquid Hydrocarbon

Abstract: Pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was carried out in a 750 cm 3 stainless steel autoclave reactor, with temperature ranging from 470 to 495° C and reaction times up to 90 minute. The influence of the operating conditions on the component yields was studied. It was found that the optimum cracking condition for HDPE that maximized the oil yield to 70 wt. % was 480°C and 20 minutes. The results show that for higher cracking temperature, and longer reaction times there was higher production of gas and coke. Furthermore, higher temperature increases the aromatics and produce lighter oil with lower viscosity.

Preparation of Polyvinyl Alcohol from Local Raw Material

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol, (PVA) was prepared using polyvinyl acetate emulsion (manufactured by Al-Jihad factory, That-Al-Sawary Company) as a local raw material In this investigation, polyvinyl acetate emulsion was converted to solid form by coagulation the polymer from its emulsion using sodium sulphate salt as coagulant aid, then alcoholyzed the solid polyvinyl acetate in methanol using sodium hydroxide as catalyst, polyvinyl alcohol produced by this method is a dry, white to yellow powder Three affecting variables on the degree of hydrolysis of PVA were studied, these variable are Catalyst to polymer weight ratio in the range of 001 – 006, reaction time in the range of 20 – 90 min, and reaction temperature in the range of 25 – 50 oC The effect of degree of hydrolysis of PVA produced on its properties such as water solubility and degree of polymerization were studied also Finally the alcoholysis reaction kinetics were studied to determine the reaction constants such as initial rate constant and degree of autocatalytic effect of the alcoholysis reaction It was found that the degree of hydrolysis of formed polyvinyl alcohol increase with increasing of variables catalyst concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature, furthermore, the water solubility of PVA increase with increasing degree of hydrolysis up to about 87 % after this value the solubility is decrease, also the degree of polymerization of PVA decrease with increasing of degree of hydrolysis up to about 89 %

Extraction of Essential Oils from Citrus By-Products Using Microwave Steam Distillation

Abstract: The main objectives of this research is to extract essential oil from: orange ( citrus sinensis), lemon( citrus limon) and mandarin( citrus reticulata) peels by two methods: steam distillation (SD) and microwave assisted steam distillation (MASD), study the effect of extraction conditions (weight of the sample, extraction time, and microwave power, citrus peel type) on oil yield and compare the results of the two methods, the resulting essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Essential oils are highly concentrated substances used for their flavor and therapeutic or odoriferous properties, in a wide selection of products such as foods, medicines and cosmetics. Extraction of essential oil is one of the most time and effort consuming process. Microwave-assisted extraction is a green technique for the extraction of natural products. (MASD) was better than (SD) in terms of rapidity, energy saving and yield. (MASD) gave higher yield than (SD) with shorter extraction time, yield of orange oil extracted by (MASD) was (1.150%) in (35min.) compared to (1.095%) in (45min.) by (SD) process, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. The optimal microwave power was (135W) gave oil yield: (1.150%, 1.115%, 0.940%) for orange, lemon and mandarin respectively, (MASD) increased extraction temperature in short time and to a higher level compared to (SD). The optimal weight was (398.56gm) gave yield in (SD): (1.095%) and MASD (1.091%) for orange oil, same results obtained for lemon and mandarin. The best citrus peel type which gave the highest yield was orange followed by lemon then mandarin in both processes. Limonene is the most abundant component in citrus essential oil, (GC) analysis showed that (SD) was more convenient to give high amount of limonene because of the graduate temperature rise, while in microwave extraction exposure to low microwave