Showing papers in "Journal of Chronic Diseases in 1981"

TL;DR: The aim has been to provide a new measure that can help physicians assess the relative benefits and risks of various treatments for serious illness and of supportive programs such as palliative care or hospice service.

TL;DR: The values, at age 50, of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, smoking habits, heart rate and male sex were significantly associated with signs of peripheral arteriostenosis and with the ankle/arm index at age 60.

TL;DR: A method is developed to compute the approximate trial length required to assure a desired statistical power for given significance level, hazard ratio, accrual rate, loss to follow-up rate, and length of the period of continued observation in the Mantel-Haenszel test.

TL;DR: The meaning of the statistics obtained from multiple logistic regression analysis are described, and the computation of the covaries-adjusted ‘success’ rates for the respective therapies in a comparative clinical trial is illustrated.

TL;DR: This paper focuses an adjustment to be made to allow a correct assessment of new diagnostic procedures in specific situations and prevalence becomes a variable of prominent importance when calculating predictive values as well as sensitivity and specificity.

TL;DR: The results of these three studies do not generally support the hypothesis of an inverse association between serum cholesterol and cancer in urban middle-aged white American males and females.

TL;DR: Examination of the distribution of plasma lipids and lipoproteins showed that total cholesterol (TCH) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were lower in males than females in most age groups studied.

TL;DR: The 10-yr morbidity in myocardial infarction as well as in stroke and in cancer related to smoking was increased in the P-group, and the relative mortality risk was higher in the younger patients than in the older ones.

TL;DR: Compared to the standard weights, the modified aneroid sphygmomanometer methods were equally sensitive and reproducible, performed in 1 6 th of the time, independent of gravity and potentially adaptable to 24 different muscle groups.

TL;DR: This coefficient can be used to decide how many measurements of blood pressure should be obtained in screening, treatment, and compliance programs, and to refine before-and-after evaluations of such programs by correcting the statistical artifact of regression to the mean.

TL;DR: Two summary relative risk estimators, which are analogues of the Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio, are derived for use in prospective studies with stratified data and one of the proposed summary relative risks is shown to be closely related to the maximum likelihood estimator of a common risk ratio.

TL;DR: The techniques of utility theory are adapted to integrate patient attitudes with objective survival data to highlight the importance of variations in patient attitudes toward survival in typical situation involving the choice between medical and surgical therapy.

TL;DR: Specific screening problems addressed within this context include the uses of various definitions of age, the age at which screening is effective, and the marginal contribution of a single screening modality.

TL;DR: Age-adjusted, sex and race specific 1969–1974 cancer incidence ratios for 410 census tract groupings of the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area were compared with measured chrysotile asbestos counts in drinking waters of super tracts to find associations between ingested asbestos and cancer of various body sites.

TL;DR: The results highlight the successful separation from parents among most adults with CF, and the importance of work as a source of self-esteem and compensation for an impoverished social life.

TL;DR: Several methods are presented for deriving exposure-specific incidence from case-control data by means of multivariate modelling that overcome the above drawbacks of the conventional approach and allow derivation of joint confidence limits for the exposure- specific incidence estimates which take into account the correlated nature of these estimates.

TL;DR: In this paper, a cohort of medical students was measured and tested at a mean age of 23 and followed for up to 33 years, and the results showed that human qualities contribute to future health.

TL;DR: Pregnancy elevated the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and this effect was greater in Tokelau than New Zealand, and the role of exercise, diet and alcohol consumption in the emergence of these contrasts between serum lipid concentration in migrants and nonmigrants is considered.

TL;DR: It can be said that the problem of detection bias produces a selection bias in case-control studies and a misclassification bias in follow-up studies when there is empirical information on detection possibilities however the degree of bias present in conventional results can be estimated and corrected.

TL;DR: A regression analysis is employed which fits a linear trend to the mean values of the four annual surveys in each community, contrasted with standard methodology which ignores the nonrandom allocation of people to communities and, therefore, produces exaggerated significance levels.

TL;DR: Health effectiveness analysis suggests that diagnosis and therapy for this group of patients produces a total of 3.8 discounted Well-Years at a discounted cost per Well-Year of approximately $3600, which appears to be both efficient and effective.

TL;DR: Coronary-prone behavior pattern was studied in a Finnish population sample consisting of 11364 adults in a questionnaire-based short rating scale developed by Bortner and found that A-type persons were more extrovert and their life satisfaction was greater.

TL;DR: The demonstration that anticoagulants were beneficial only for patients with severe infarction is gratifying and helps reconcile both the negative findings noted when severity was not stratified in previous randomized experimental trials and also the positive claims reported when bias was ignored in observational epidemiologic surveys.

TL;DR: Information on age-specific death rates due to definite and possible inflicted injuries (DII and PII) in 52 countries were studied and analysis of PII rates gave less consistent results.

TL;DR: Incidence was lower among French Canadians and in the lower income groups; these effects were independent of each other; the socio-economic differences suggest an environmental risk factor whereas the ethnic differences may be due to genetic or environmental factors.

TL;DR: Measurement of SCN may be of value in epidemiologic studies, where smoking is included as a suspected risk factor or as a confounder, and the mortality of smokers in lung cancer increased with rising SCN concentration at entry in both cohorts.

TL;DR: A positive association was observed for glucose or insulin with body weight, height, obesity indices, serum triglycerides, pre-β-lipoprotein, and inversely with α- Lipoprotein levels, however, all of these variables accounted for only 6–10% of the variation of plasma glucose.

TL;DR: Four of these findings were significant predictors of tension headache, and 19 were significant Predictors of migraine headache.