Showing papers in "Journal of Cleaner Production in 1994"

TL;DR: In this paper, three methods for defining the contents of the analysed system in this respect are described: process tree, technological whole system and socio-economic whole system, and examples are described in the application's multi-output processes and cascade recycling, and the authors concluded that system boundaries must be relevant in relation to the purpose of an LCA, that processes outside the process tree in many cases have more influence on the result than details within the process trees, and that different methods need to be further compared in practice and evaluated with respect to both relevance, feasibility and uncertainty.

TL;DR: The present fuel injector (40) structure has resulted in reduced NOx emissions as discussed by the authors, which includes a combustor having an axis (68), a first air flow passage (73), a second annular fuel passage (162), and a first annular passage (118, 130), where the mixtures of air and water, and fuel and air are mixed prior to entering the combustion section.

TL;DR: Differences in the results from the three methods depend on effects considered, how the algorithms are constructed, and background data, and on the evaluation of certain substances.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for producing high quality fabrics using recycled fabric scraps is disclosed, which uses pregin contacting of the virgin carrier fibers as well as moistening the fiber scraps that are recycled, fiber length and fiber uniformity percentages are maintained higher then typically achieved by the prior art.

TL;DR: In the Dutch government research programme "Sustainable Technological development" as mentioned in this paper, the authors investigated how technology could contribute to a sustainable society by means of "Area of Need Analyses" and "Illustrative Processes".

TL;DR: In this article, the core components of six Dutch working methods are compared to develop a framework for CP methodologies, to draft guidelines for the selection of an appropriate working method for a certain industry, and to identify areas which require additional methodology development.

TL;DR: A novel bacterium named Pseudomonas cepacia PR123 (formerly designated G4 5223 PR1) has the desirable property of constitutively degrading hazardous chemicals, for example trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroencogenes, cis-1,2 dichloro-ethylenes, trans-1-2-dimethylene and toluene.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for purifying fluids with ozone and ultraviolet radiation is presented, where an ozone gas discharge conduit is connected between the ozone creation chamber and the venturi, such that ozonated gas generated within the ozone creating chamber is sucked into the effluent stream flowing within an effluent conduit, thereby purifying the fluid contained therein.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the performance of different end-of-pipe and in-process measures for reducing the amount of chlorinated organic by-products in epichlorohydrin production.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a bottom-up approach towards sustainability which is called the island approach, where the basic assumption of "Islands of sustainability" is that development towards sustainability can be introduced starting from small sustainable regions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the outside surface of a prill tower is frozen by flash evaporation of finely atomized water particles on the surface of the tower or in extremely close proximity to the tower.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse whether it is possible for an external group to act as a catalyst when trying to make small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) adopt a cleaner production concept.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Swedish government has been the pioneer in deciding on general and total phase-out of the use of halocarbons, and the phaseout was scheduled in 1988 to be complete in 1994.

TL;DR: The Austrian PREPARE project as mentioned in this paper aims to minimize industrial waste and emissions at source, working with several companies involved in textiles, machine building, circuit board manufacturing, the automobile industry and the printing industry.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-stroke engine oil which comprises polybutene base oils which are either very low in or are substantially free of n-butenes in the polymer backbone is described.

TL;DR: In this article, the importance of labour and Third World NGO participation in achieving environmentally and socially sustainable communities is highlighted, and some policy recommendations are made to increase public participation in the precautionary approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new step in the fish reduction process that involves recirculation of the pumping water used to unload the fish, screening of coarse organic matter, flocculation of soluble proteins in the recirculate and its separation by centrifugation, and the incorporation of both coarse and flocculated material to the reduction process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the growing interaction between community environmental concerns and environmental care in the chemical industry in The Netherlands in the past few decades, and showed that environmental care is part of an integral quality process that requires commitment throughout the organization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a range of modern electrochemical cells which give better flow characteristics and lower power consumption. But their main competitor as a clean technology is catalytic oxidation or reduction, which can help make the chemical industry less polluting.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new model for pollution prevention technical assistance is proposed, which relies in large part on integrating the mission of pollution prevention into a variety of industry-based organizations, which could significantly improve the ability of small and medium-sized firms to prevent pollution.

TL;DR: This paper gives the preliminary results of an initiative taken by the Environmental Council in the country of Storstrom, Denmark, which became a very important benchmark for the use of cleaner production in Denmark.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study for waste minimization was carried out with three printed circuit board manufacturers and one electroplating company, where a lot of ecologically and economically effective options were found and implemented.

TL;DR: The first phase of the Dutch PRIMA project this paper was a research and demonstration project aiming at Environmental Improvement of Retail Assortments (EIRA)1. The results and experiences of the first phase are summarized in this paper.

TL;DR: UNIDO is promoting the new message of cleaner production as the means by which industry can be environmentally responsible while remaining competitive and profitable as discussed by the authors. But this message assigns priority to pollution prevention over pollution control because it is a more efficient and effective response to emerging environmental concerns.

TL;DR: The approach taken at Sandoz' state-of-the-art facility at Ringaskiddy, Co Cork, Ireland is described in this paper, where the authors describe the approach taken by Sandoz to protect the environment at the facility.

TL;DR: In this article, a computer-aided instruction program that simulates the environmental behaviour of life cycles of products is presented, where each step represents a unit operation in the product life cycle.

TL;DR: The Austrian Prepare project as mentioned in this paper is a federal state-funded pollution prevention project in the Styrian industry, which includes 13 companies from the textile, pulp and paper, machine building, wood working and printed circuit board manufacturing industries, covering most of the sectors and sizes in the styrian industry.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have pointed out that the language of some of the documents is very unspecific and the input from environmental groups and environmental scientists has been slight, and the normal processes of consultation at a national level have been bypassed.