Showing papers in "Journal of Climate in 2019"
TL;DR: The American Meteorological Society (AMS) as discussed by the authors has a policy that any use of material in this work that is determined to be fair use under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS's permission.
Abstract: © Copyright 19 June 2019 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center ( http://www.copyright.com ). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to permissions@ametsoc.org. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website ( http://www.ametsoc.org/CopyrightInformation ).
120 citations
TL;DR: Mediterranean-type climates are defined by temperate, wet winters and hot or warm dry summers and exist at the western edges of five continents in locations determined by the geography of...
Abstract: Mediterranean-type climates are defined by temperate, wet winters, and hot or warm dry summers and exist at the western edges of five continents in locations determined by the geography of ...
119 citations
TL;DR: A winter Eurasian cooling trend and a large decline of winter sea ice concentration in the Barents-Kara Seas (BKS) are striking features of recent climate changes as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A winter Eurasian cooling trend and a large decline of winter sea ice concentration (SIC) in the Barents–Kara Seas (BKS) are striking features of recent climate changes. The question arises...
111 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, global radiative feedbacks have been found to vary in global climate model (GCM) simulations, driven with historical patterns of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and...
Abstract: Global radiative feedbacks have been found to vary in global climate model (GCM) simulations. Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) driven with historical patterns of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and...
99 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatiotemporal variability and three-dimensional structures of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the U.S. Rocky Mountains and their large-scale environments are characterized.
Abstract: The spatiotemporal variability and three-dimensional structures of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the U.S. Rocky Mountains and their large-scale environments are characterized ...
96 citations
University of Virginia1, Earth System Research Laboratory2, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences3, National Center for Atmospheric Research4, Johns Hopkins University5, University of Washington6, University of California, Riverside7, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution8, University of Colorado Boulder9, University of Leeds10, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich11, Indiana University12
TL;DR: The authors have documented a poleward shift in the subsiding branches of Earth's Hadley circulation since 1979, but have disagreed on the causes of these observed changes and the abili...
Abstract: Previous studies have documented a poleward shift in the subsiding branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation since 1979 but have disagreed on the causes of these observed changes and the abili...
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the community Earth System Model (CESM) was used to model the Arctic sea ice variability and retreat during winter and showed that the variability was largely a result of variable ocean heat transport (OHT).
Abstract: During recent decades Arctic sea ice variability and retreat during winter have largely been a result of variable ocean heat transport (OHT). Here we use the Community Earth System Model (C...
88 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the climatology of (severe) thunderstorm days on a pan-European scale for the period of 1979-2017, using sounding measurements, surface observations, and lightning data.
Abstract: The climatology of (severe) thunderstorm days is investigated on a pan-European scale for the period of 1979–2017. For this purpose, sounding measurements, surface observations, lightning d...
83 citations
TL;DR: The early twentieth-century warming (EW; 1910-45) and the mid-twentieth-century cooling (MC; 1950-80) have been linked to both internal variability of the climate system and changes in exte...
Abstract: The early twentieth-century warming (EW; 1910–45) and the mid-twentieth-century cooling (MC; 1950–80) have been linked to both internal variability of the climate system and changes in exte...
83 citations
TL;DR: Tropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of events obtained from a chemistry–climate model and it is found that anomalous upward wave-1 fluxes precede both cases.
Abstract: Tropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of events obtained from a chemistry–climate model. In agreement with recen...
81 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the moisture budget is evaluated as a function of the probability distribution of precipitation for the end of the twentieth century and projected end-of-the twenty-first century in the Com...
Abstract: The moisture budget is evaluated as a function of the probability distribution of precipitation for the end of the twentieth century and projected end of the twenty-first century in the Com...
TL;DR: The most severe European drought at the continental scale since at least 1979 was observed in central and western Europe from July 2016 to June 2017 as discussed by the authors, which caused widespread impacts on water supplies, agriculture and hydroelectric power production, and was associated with forest fires in Iberia.
Abstract: We have analyzed the record-breaking drought that affected western and central Europe from July 2016 to June 2017. It caused widespread impacts on water supplies, agriculture, and hydroelectric power production, and was associated with forest fires in Iberia. Unlike common continental-scale droughts, this event displayed a highly unusual spatial pattern affecting both northern and southern European regions. Drought conditions were observed over 90% of central-western Europe, hitting record-breaking values (with respect to 1979–2017) in 25% of the area. Therefore, the event can be considered as the most severe European drought at the continental scale since at least 1979. The main dynamical forcing of the drought was the consecutive occurrence of blocking and subtropical ridges, sometimes displaced from their typical locations. This led to latitudinal shifts of the jet stream and record-breaking positive geopotential height anomalies over most of the continent. The reduction in moisture transport from the Atlantic was relevant in the northern part of the region, where decreased precipitation and increased sunshine duration were the main contributors to the drought. On the other hand, thermodynamic processes, mostly associated with high temperatures and the resulting increase in atmospheric evaporative demand, were more important in the south. Finally, using flow circulation analogs we show that this drought was more severe than it would have been in the early past.
TL;DR: In this paper, four types of synoptically favorable environments for mesoscale convective systems over the U.S. Great Plains during boreal spring and summer were identified.
Abstract: Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are frequently observed over the U.S. Great Plains during boreal spring and summer. Here, four types of synoptically favorable environments for spring MC...
TL;DR: In this article, an automated mesoscale convective system segmentation, classification, and tracking approach is applied to composite radar reflectivity mosaic images that cover the contigu...
Abstract: This research applies an automated mesoscale convective system (MCS) segmentation, classification, and tracking approach to composite radar reflectivity mosaic images that cover the contigu...
TL;DR: The North Atlantic has shown large multidecadal temperature shifts during the twentieth century and there is ongoing debate about whether this variability arises primarily through the influence of external factors.
Abstract: The North Atlantic has shown large multidecadal temperature shifts during the twentieth century. There is ongoing debate about whether this variability arises primarily through the influenc...
TL;DR: In this article, the output of near-surface atmospheric variables over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from four reanalyses was evaluated using the new European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-5.
Abstract: In this study, we evaluate output of near-surface atmospheric variables over the Antarctic Ice Sheet from four reanalyses: the new European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-5 a...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated Chinese precipitation extremes based on large ensemble projections of the present climate and 4-K-warmer climates derived from a high-resolution atmospheric genera...
Abstract: Evaluation of Chinese precipitation extremes is conducted based on large ensemble projections of the present climate and 4-K-warmer climates derived from a high-resolution atmospheric gener...
TL;DR: As a contribution to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the global climate simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM), the Seoul National Univers...
Abstract: As a contribution to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the global climate simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM), the Seoul National Univers...
TL;DR: The global land monsoon region, with substantial monsoon rainfall and hence freshwater resources, is home to nearly two-thirds of the world's population as discussed by the authors, however, it is overwhelmed by extre...
Abstract: The global land monsoon region, with substantial monsoon rainfall and hence freshwater resources, is home to nearly two-thirds of the world’s population. However, it is overwhelmed by extre...
TL;DR: In this article, the interdecadal changes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) water vapor and the associated mechanisms have not been investigated fully, and the authors aim to examine the inter-decadal chan...
Abstract: In recent decades, long-term changes of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) water vapor and the associated mechanisms have not been investigated fully. This study aims to examine the interdecadal chan...
TL;DR: In this article, extreme short-duration rainfall can cause devastating flooding that puts lives, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems at risk, and it is therefore essential to understand how this type of extr...
Abstract: Extreme short-duration rainfall can cause devastating flooding that puts lives, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems at risk. It is therefore essential to understand how this type of extr...
TL;DR: In this article, low-level jets are a key factor regulating the early-summer rainfall over southern China and their detailed activities and impact are examined using 21-yr ERA5 and TRMM rainfall data.
Abstract: Low-level jets (LLJs) are a key factor regulating the early-summer rainfall over southern China. Their detailed activities and impact are examined using 21-yr ERA5 and TRMM rainfall data. T...
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for twenty-first-century climate science, and the authors propose a method to understand the relationship between temperature and saturation vapor pressure.
Abstract: Understanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for twenty-first-century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may ...
TL;DR: In the last half century, the Arctic sea ice cover has declined dramatically and current estimates suggest that, for the Arctic as a whole, nearly one-half of the observed loss of summer sea ice has occurred in the last decade as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Over the last half century, the Arctic sea ice cover has declined dramatically. Current estimates suggest that, for the Arctic as a whole, nearly one-half of the observed loss of summer sea...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine Hovmoller diagrams of the 250-hPa surface weather during several recent high-impact weather events and show that the persistence of surface weather has been pivotal in generating their societal impact.
Abstract: The persistence of surface weather during several recent high-impact weather events has been pivotal in generating their societal impact. Here we examine Hovmoller diagrams of the 250-hPa m...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of atmospheric heat transport on the poleward flux of moist static energy (MSE) by using three broad perspectives: a dynamic perspective, linking AHT to MSE, and a static perspective.
Abstract: Meridional atmospheric heat transport (AHT) has been investigated through three broad perspectives: a dynamic perspective, linking AHT to the poleward flux of moist static energy (MSE) by a...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the maximum temperatures at more than 2000 Chinese stations to investigate the dominant modes of China summer heat waves (HWs) and obtain the first empirical orthogonal function.
Abstract: This study applies the maximum temperatures at more than 2000 Chinese stations to investigate the dominant modes of China summer heat waves (HWs). The first empirical orthogonal function (E...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a study on long-term surface solar radiation changes over China under clear and all-sky conditions and analyzed the causes of the "dimming" and "brightening".
Abstract: This paper presents a study on long-term surface solar radiation (SSR) changes over China under clear- and all-sky conditions and analyzes the causes of the “dimming” and “brightening.” To ...
TL;DR: A traditional view is that the ocean outside of the tropics responds passively to atmosphere forcing, which implies that air-sea heat fluxes are mainly driven by atmosphere variability as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A traditional view is that the ocean outside of the tropics responds passively to atmosphere forcing, which implies that air–sea heat fluxes are mainly driven by atmosphere variability. Thi...
TL;DR: The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is regarded as the key circulation system that dominates the summer heat waves over eastern China, but whether the WPSH-summer heat wave connecti...
Abstract: The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is regarded as the key circulation system that dominates the summer heat waves over eastern China, but whether the WPSH–summer heat wave connecti...