Showing papers in "Journal of Computing in Higher Education in 1994"
95 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that the failure to consider important contextual elements of learning related to conceptual characteristics of the domain and the stage of the learner could result in otherwise well-designed instructional computing technologies being used in inappropriate learning situations.
Abstract: THE NEED FOR A FRAMEWORK to distinguish the conditions under which different types of educational computing environments are productive is addressed, and a cognitively based Contextual Analysis Framework is proposed that consists of two primary elements: (a)conceptual characteristics of the knowledge domain being learned, including thecomplexity of the concepts and tasks and the degree oforderly and regular conceptual structure of the knowledge domain; and (b)stage of learning (novice, advanced) of the learner within the knowledge domain. The characteristics of different types of technology-based learning environments (e.g., computer-based drill, intelligent tutoring systems, hypertext) are analyzed in terms of the Contextual Analysis Framework. It is argued that the failure to consider important contextual elements of learning related to conceptual characteristics of the domain and the stage of the learner could result in otherwise well-designed instructional computing technologies being used in inappropriate learning situations.
48 citations
TL;DR: It is examined how virtual reality, an emerging computer-based technology, can promote learning that engages all seven of the multiple intelligences proposed by Harvard educational psychologist Howard Gardner.
Abstract: IN THIS PAPER WE EXAMINE how virtual reality, an emerging computer-based technology, can promote learning that engages all seven of the multiple intelligences proposed by Harvard educational psychologist Howard Gardner. We provides an overview of virtual reality technologies and an overview of Gardner’s multiple intelligences. There is an extensive discussion of how virtual reality supports learning within and across seven intelligence domains. Finally, there is a review of technical and conceptual issues concerning the implementation of virtual reality in education. Educational experiences that promote the various multiple intelligences and interlinkages are needed in the emerging electronic age more than at any previous time.
37 citations
TL;DR: The report concludes with the suggestion that through technology traditional boundaries between home and school, between formal- and informal-learning contexts, can be overcome.
Abstract: THIS REPORT PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW of the literature on the influence of computers on learning in formal classroom and informal out-of-school contexts. Following these overviews, the authors turn to a consideration of the primary policy considerations related to the diffusion of computer technology. The report concludes with the suggestion that through technology traditional boundaries between home and school, between formal- and informal-learning contexts, can be overcome. This process of extending learning experiences beyond the traditional classroom would expand opportunities for workforce development and provide alternatives for an educational system stretched to its limits.
14 citations
TL;DR: Perelman focuses much of his attention on building the case for his vision of a "school-less" society in which technology is used to provide "hyperlearning"--learning that takes place anytime, anywhere, for any content area.
8 citations
TL;DR: GCK simulates the phenomena of classical transmission genetics and enables students to mate simulated organisms and from these matings, infer the genetic mechanisms that account for their data.
Abstract: GENETICS CONSTRUCTION KIT (GCK) is a learning tool developed as part of a BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium development project.GCK simulates the phenomena of classical transmission genetics. It enables students to mate simulated organisms and from these matings, infer the genetic mechanisms that account for their data. The unique feature ofGCK is it’s construction kit approach to creating problems. The construction kit is the “behind the scenes” mechanism by which users set the parameters of the problem sets that can be generated. This enables users to control the complexity of the problems to be solved without losing the ability to generate almost infinite numbers of problems. The genetics phenomena that can be simulated in up to six loci include simple dominance, co-dominance, and multiple alleles, plus linkage, sex linkage, and cross over events (students can calculate map distances) in the Macintosh version with the addition of epistasis and pleiotropy in the Apple II version.GCK has been used extensively in science education research to gain understanding of student learning and model construction and revision in genetics with respect to curriculum development.
6 citations
TL;DR: CPU Sim is an interactive low-level computer simulation package that runs on the Macintosh computer and was chosen as “Best Engineering Software (Computer Science)” in the 1993 EDUCOM Higher Education Software and Curriculum Innovation Awards Program.
Abstract: CPU SIM is an interactive low-level computer simulation package that runs on the Macintosh computer. Users of the package specify the details of the CPU to be simulated, including the register, i/o channels, main memory, the microinstruction set, machine instructions, and assembly language instructions. User can then create machine or assembly language programs using the built-in text editor and assembler and can run their programs in the simulator. It is possible to step through the execution of a program one machine instruction at a time. Also, users may choose to edit the contents of any component and then continue execution. The main window displays the state of the machine at every step. CPU Sim was chosen as “Best Engineering Software (Computer Science)” in the 1993 EDUCOM Higher Education Software and Curriculum Innovation Awards Program. It is currently being sold by Intellimation.
6 citations
TL;DR: Models developed for formative evaluation of learning were used to monitor students’ performance and technical aspects did not have any influence on CODAMA’s strategy of intervention.
Abstract: THIS PAPER describes the COnceptual DAtabase Modeling Advisor, CODAMA. Tactics for presenting principles, and rules pertaining to the complex transfer task of elaborating an entityrelationship diagram were first identified prior to designing CODAMA. Models developed for formative evaluation of learning were used to monitor students’ performance. Decisions about physical implementation were made following a complex instructional design process. Therefore, technical aspects did not have any influence on CODAMA’s strategy of intervention.
4 citations
TL;DR: This paper provides summary information on the use of listservs, telnet, ftp, archie, and gopher application tools which are available to connect to and access data from remote hosts on the Internet.
Abstract: Educational use of the Internet network has exploded in the past few years. Most colleges and universities now provide Internet access to students and educators for instructional and reasearch purposes. Electronic mail, on-line conferencing, software access, and remote login are some of the many services which make it convenient to use the Internet as a global database. Since data is distributed in thousands of computers worldwide, accessing information in an organized manner is sometimes complicated. Client software tools are available that facilitate access to information by providing the user with a more intuitive interface. This paper provides summary information on the use of listservs, telnet, ftp, archie, and gopher application tools which are available to connect to and access data from remote hosts on the Internet.
2 citations
TL;DR: The experience in providing universal communications connectivity throughout an entire law school is reported on, which points to the future in which students, professors and practitioners will collaborate in transitory national and international alliances to share their knowledge electronically.
Abstract: TECHNOLOGY HAS CREATED a new dimension in communications and opened a global environment for transacting business and teaching that has yet to be measured. To position some of the issues affecting education, generally, and legal education and practice, this article reports on the experience in providing universal communications connectivity throughout an entire law school. This report describes the participants and the setting and how the students and the professors have begun to develop ways to use electronic communications to learn the law and practice it. The results of having this tool available throughout the school are examined, including the cultural and educational changes that have occurred. This experience points to the future in which students, professors and practitioners will collaborate in transitory national and international alliances to share their knowledge electronically.
2 citations
TL;DR: An implementation of the annotating images by pointing out and naming paradigm in a UNIX workstation-based multimedia environment for case-oriented learning and teaching for radiological examination is discussed.
Abstract: The simple but powerful idea of annotating images by pointing out and naming is ubiquitous in radiological practice. It is used both by a senior radiologist transferring knowledge to juniors and by any radiologist explaining a case. Pointing out can be realized by pointing devices (finger, pencil, arrows); naming mostly consists of a spoken comment or of a written text. Therefore, radiological examination is multimedia by nature, involving images, annotations, voice, and text. In this paper we discuss an implementation of this paradigm in a UNIX workstation-based multimedia environment for case-oriented learning and teaching. We focus on the authoring and the presentation of radiological study material within this system. Possible scenarios for radiological teaching are discussed. Results from validation experiments conclude the paper.
TL;DR: A multimedia-based independent study prototype for teaching Mathematics of Finance courses developed by Penn State’s Smeal College of Business Administration helped improve the program and its interface and provided view of the students’ information processing.
Abstract: PENN STATE’S Smeal College of Business Administration developed a multimedia-based independent study prototype for teaching Mathematics of Finance courses. The prototype was pilot tested and all testing sessions were videotaped so that they could be reviewed by the developers. Video recording was accomplished by mixing video signals from two cameras to create a split-screen effect where the subject was positioned in the left half of the screen and the computer screen in the right half. This technique made it easy to collect students’ physical reactions (facial expressions and body movements) and verbal reports, and to associate them with what was occurring on the computer. This process ultimately helped to improve the program and its interface and provided view of the students’ information processing.
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TL;DR: The author presents a detailed analysis and computer-based solution of a puzzle addressing the arrangement of dominioes on a grid that makes use of backtracking to generate all possible answer to the problem.
Abstract: IN A COLLEGE LEVEL DATA STRUCTURES or Algorithms course, students are often asked to write computer-based solutions to a variety of problems. When discussing trees and tree traversals, the topic of backtracking as a programming technique often arises. Certain classics, such as the 8-queens problems, graph-map coloring problem, or knapsack-bin packing problem are often used to elucidate the topic. The author presents a detailed analysis and computer-based solution of a puzzle addressing the arrangement of dominioes on a grid. Like its more famous brethren, the solution makes use of backtracking to generate all possible answer to the problem. Details of how to approach the analysis of a problem requiring backtracking as well as methods and techniques that can be used to map the abstract problem solution into an actual C program code are presented.
TL;DR: This work uses cellular automata to model several Presocratic hypotheses about the evolution of the physical world from a set of first-principles, and reveals the conceptual strategies implicit in the ambiguities of metaphoric language.
Abstract: THE COMPUTER can be used to investigate the boundary between rigorous and metaphoric language. We use cellular automata to model several Presocratic hypotheses about the evolution of the physical world from a set of first-principles. These hypotheses, formed at the very beginnings of Western science, combine the characteristics of both rigorous and metaphoric thought. Since the computer demands explicit instructions for each step in the evolution of the automaton, such models can reveal the conceptual strategies implicit in the ambiguities of metaphoric language.