Showing papers in "Journal of Contemporary Asia in 1982"
TL;DR: In this paper, class, politics and race in modern Malaysia are discussed. But the focus is on race in Malaysia and not on class, as in the present paper, which is different from our work.
Abstract: (1982). Class, politics and race in modern Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 188-215.
31 citations
20 citations
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the extent to which the latter approaches provide a way out of the cul-de-sac of the dependency paradigm and assess their contribution in terms of the derivation of policy options for overcoming unequal development.
Abstract: Over the last three decades there have been a number of profound changes in the approaches adopted to the analysis of the processes leading to patterns of unequal development within and between nations. In brief, what can be recognised is that in the 1950s the demise of neo-classical economic theory was accompanied by the rise of modernization theory and what has been termed the diffusionist paradigm (Browett, 1980). Subsequently, from the mid 1960s onwards, these approaches were challenged and then eclipsed by new and more radical perspectives m those within the dependency paradigm (Browett, 1981) m which sought to establish necessary and causative inter-relationships not only between underdevelopment and dependency (underdevelopment is a process induced and constantly reinforced by dependency) but also between underdevelopment and development (they are opposite sides of the same coin). These perspectives, in turn, have recently come under attack both from the right, which seeks to reformulate and refurbish the diffusionist paradigm in the light of the critiques which have been made against it, and from the left, which now regards the dependency paradigm as constituting an inadequate basis for the analysis of world capitalism. As a result, the dependency paradigm approaches, although not yet dead, appear to be under a mounting threat of being transcended, to be replaced on centre stage either by Reformist or Marxist approaches. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate the extent to which the latter approaches provide a way out of the cul-de-sac of the dependency paradigm and to assess their contribution in terms of the derivation of policy options for overcoming unequal development.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a critique of Samir Amin's typology of under-development is presented, with a focus on class analysis versus world systems: Critique of class analysis vs world systems.
Abstract: (1982). Class analysis versus world systems: Critique of Samir Amin's typology of under-development. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 7-18.
10 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present Continuity and Change in the International Division of Labour (IDL) and the Peripheral State (PS) in the Asia-pacific region.
Abstract: (1982). The “Peripheral State”: Continuity and Change in the International Division of Labour. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 415-431.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the movement of the landless to attempt spontaneous settlement in the Tarai districts of Nepal, a predominantly agrarian country with over 95% of the population living in rural areas.
Abstract: Discussion focus is on the movement of the landless to attempt spontaneous settlement in the Tarai districts of Nepal a predominantly agrarian country with over 95% of the population living in rural areas. Attention is directed to the following: the proximate elements that explain the process of landlessness; the political climate of Nepal (1979) prior to the series of movements on the part of the landless people to spontaneous settlement; the most recent spontaneous settlement movement in Chitwan district (1979) where the migrants settled in the previous 25 years had been landless in the hills; the characteristics and living condition of the landless and the government reaction to the landless movement; and a theoretical framework to facilitate understanding of the process of landlessness and its broad implications for development. Investigation of the recent spontaneous settlement movement revealed the following: people are still coming into the Tarai and Chitwan because they think land might be available; the population in the hills has grown and the pressure of this growth weighs most on those who are landless or who do not have sufficient land to support their families; natural increase swells the landless population; people with small amounts of land in the hills after deciding to migrate sell their land in the hills and move to the Tarai looking for land; there are important land accumulation and de-accumulation (loss) processes taking place; and because of the Land Reform Law (1964) owners who formerly had more security in the patron-client relationship with their tenants have lost that security. It is only by means of production and reproduction of landlessness in the agrarian production system that the skewed property relations characterized by monopoly control over land and capital became possible. This monopoly control permits the dominant class which is composed of village landowners absentee landowners and rural elites to control the existing production relations and appropriate the social economic surplus generated by the rural working class for their personal benefits. It is this increasing monopoly control over the resources and the production systems that produce and reproduce the landless without whose existence there would be a permanent scarcity of the agricultural and manual labor force to be hired and manipulated. Under the circumstances of highly controlled production relations property relations financial capital circulation and firmly established agrarian social class structure policy measures tend to face obscurity and land reform measures have become obsolete and have failed to produce any desirable result.
9 citations
TL;DR: In 1980 three export processing zones were in operation in the Philippines, two more at the development stage and ten more due to be launched within a few years as mentioned in this paper, with garments, electrical and electronics equipment, and handicrafts taking the lead.
Abstract: In 1980 three export processing zones were in operation in the Philippines, two more at the development stage and ten more due to be launched within a few years. There has been a phenomenal increase in manufactured exports, with garments, electrical and electronics equipment, and handicrafts taking the lead. These are part of the export-oriented industrialization now being pursued upon the recommendation of the World Bank and other international lending agencies; they fall into an “outward-looking” pattern of development which has serious repercussions on the situation of women workers in both factory and cottage industry.
8 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, after the New International Economic Order: The Future of International Economic Relations, the authors present an analysis of the future of international economic relations. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 432-450.
Abstract: (1982). After the New International Economic Order: The Future of International Economic Relations. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 432-450.
TL;DR: In this paper, the World Bank and the expansion of industrial monopoly capital into under-developed agricultures are discussed, and the authors propose a solution to the problem of under-development agriculture.
Abstract: (1982). The World Bank and the expansion of industrial monopoly capital into under-developed agricultures. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 34-60.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the influx of Hong Kong students to Canadian Universities and discuss the effects of these students' education on Hong Kong's industrialism and education: Industrialism, education, and culture.
Abstract: (1982). Industrialism and education: Influx of Hong Kong Students to Canadian Universities. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 216-225.
TL;DR: The most significant change has been the demotion of the role of class struggle; no longer the "key link" from the time of the Third Plenum, it has come to rank fairly low in the minds of Chinese Marxists as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Summary The comprehensive re-evaluation of Maoism at the official level in China extends to historiography, political ideology and the Arts. The most significant change has been the demotion of the role of class struggle; no longer the ‘key link’ from the time of the Third Plenum, it has come to rank fairly low in the minds of Chinese Marxists. As a result, in considering the motive forces of history much weight can be transferred to the role of the productive forces or elsewhere. The significance of mass movements declines. It is no longer necessary or even desirable to restrict ‘bourgeois right’ as a principle of income distribution and an encouragement to high productivity. Humanitarianism becomes an important component of Marxism rather than something to be treated with suspicion. Above all, ‘continuing the revolution’ becomes not the transformation of social relations between classes in the intermediate time-horizon, but a question of modernization and expanding diffusion of modern technology.
TL;DR: The Brandt Commission as discussed by the authors proposed a program for survival for international capitalism, which is based on the Brandt Programme for Survival (PFS) for International Capitalism (1998).
Abstract: (1982). The Brandt commission: A programme for survival … for international capitalism. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 344-354.