Showing papers in "Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology in 1945"

Simulated blood pressure responses in lie-detector tests and a method for their detection.

Abstract: (This is an article of exceptional interest for it describes some very noteworthy original research in the field of lie detection which should contribute much to the increased accuracy of instruments used for purposes of detecting deception. In brief, the author describes how it is possible for a criminal suspect to control or obscure certain incriminating emotional responses in a covert effort to "beat the machine", and then goes on to describe a method and equipment which can be utilized to detect such attempts at simulation. The instrument's recording also furnishes deception criteria heretofore unavailable to lie detection examiners. The author, a member of the Illinois Bar, is a staff member of the Chicago Police Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory and in this capacity has spent some six years in the field of lie detection.-EDITOR.)

Morale in a Police Department

Abstract: (What is morale? Why is it necessary in policing? How can we build good morale in a police department? These are the significant inquiries discussed in the following article. The author has been a member of the Berkeley Police Department for the past eight years, has an M.A. degree in police administration (University of California), and is author of the recently published volume Police Sergeants' Manual. At present he is on leave of absence from his department and is now serving as Advisor, Personnel Training, Division of Public Safety, U. S. Group Control Council for Germany.-EDIToR.)

Law and Learning Theory: A Study in Legal Control

Abstract: THis study lies within the province of jurisprudence. It also lies within the field of behavioristic psychology. It places the province within the field and, in doing so, fragments the province into disconnected pieces. The problems of jurisprudence become psychological problems to be attacked by the use of the propositions of a psychological theory of behavior and by quantitative and experimental methods. Although analytical, natural-law, historical, sociological, and \"realistic\" jurists, legislators, administrators, cultural anthropologists, sociologists,

The Delinquency of the American Indian

Abstract: Dr. Hans von Hentig, University of Puerto Rico, was Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology at the University of Bonn during some years before he came to the United States nine years ago. He became Expert Assistant to the Attorney General in Washington, Director of the Colorado Crime Survey, taught at Yale and the Universities of California, Iowa and Oregon. Dr. von Hentig will re-assume his chair in Bonn and the Editorship of the Monatsschrift fuer KriminalPsychologie that he edited 1925-1935 together with Professor Gustav Aschaffenburg, recently deceased. In this article the author continues studies on the delinquency of racial minorities. This Journal published one of them in 1940. Others will follow.-EDITOR.

Parole Prediction Variables and the Time Factor in Violations by Burglars

Abstract: Michael Hakeem, who is a sociologist in the Division of the Criminologist, Illinois Department of Public Safety, undertook this study to determine what differences, if any, exist between subjects who violate parole after a brief period under supervision and those who violate only after a long period of ostensibly successful extramural adjustment has elapsed. Mr. Hakeem shows that differences do exist, and he points out the practical and theoretical implications of the research.-Editor. Introduction

Glueck Method of Parole Prediction Applied to 1,861 Cases of Burglars

Abstract: This is a report on the application of the Glueck method of parole prediction to 1861 cases of white adult burglars. Research in parole prediction, probation prediction, and prediction of criminality has made considerable progress since Burgess' effected Hart's2 suggestion of constructing a prognostic device which would foretell a subject's chances for making a successful parole adjustment. A general discussion of the prediction of criminality and of the technical aspects of the statistical procedures utilized cannot be presented here.3 Lack of space prohibits also a comparative appraisal of the Glueck, Burgess, Monachesi, Vold, and other techniques of prediction.' In general, parole prediction can prove to be a realistic, practical, and fruitful approach to the problem of the determination of eligibility for parole and to related problems. The Gluecks have encouraged repetition of their procedure of constructing prediction tables in the following statement: "It will be valuable to test the extent of reliability of such tables by constructing them on the basis of another sample of

A Comparative Study of Car Thieves

Abstract: On the basis of a superficial appraisal, the crime of car theft might be considered one crime related to lower intelligence. That is, present methods of police control make it almost certain that a car thief will be apprehended if he drives the stolen vehicle on the public highway for several days. Of course, an automobile may be stolen for the purpose of dismantling it and selling it piecemeal or for the purpose of using it but a few hours and then abandoning the machine. However, of the car thieves who have been apprehended and imprisoned, all but about five per cent were arrested when actually driving the stolen car or, at least, in possession of the intact machine. While hope for successful larceny of an automobile for the purpose of using it for any length of time is so small as to suggest that low intelligence may be a significant factor, several studies, such as that of Selling," Metfessel and Lovell do not support such an assumption. The present study compares data secured from the records of 480 inmates of the State Prison of Southern Michigan who were sentenced for all types of offenses with similar data relating to 475 car thieves. All cases of car theft from January 1, 1940 to August 1, 1942 were tabulated and compared with tabulations made for the control group of 480 men. The control group was secured by drawing inmate data cards at random from the same two and one-half year period. The mean I.Q., mean grade placement, and mean chronological age when admitted to prison were calculated for both groups. Other data such as records of previous offenses and the nature of any such offenses were also tabulated. Intelligence was measured by means of the Bregman Revision of the Army Alpha Test4 and the average grade placement was determined by means of the Stanford Achievement Test.5 The tests were administered in an isolated room to the inmates between the sixth and the fourteenth

Constitutionality of compulsory chemical tests to determine alcoholic intoxication.

Abstract: (In a previous issue of this Journal (September-October, 1944) appeared a timely article by Dr. Harger on the subject of chemical tests for intoxication. In the article the tests were described and values noted with particular reference to the problem of the drinking driver and pedestrian. Now, in the following article, Mr. Mamet discusses constitutional issues involved in the use of chemical tests and suggests means by which such tests can be taken without the consent of the person involved. The author, a senior law student in Northwestern University Law School, is Editor-in-Chief of the Illinois Law Review.-EDrro.)

Police Training for Recruits and In-Service Personnel

Abstract: (There has long been need for a frank, straight-from-the-shoulder account of the needs, problems and objectives of police training. These Mr. Sheehe has described and evaluated in his article. It is one to which most thoughtful consideration should be given, and not alone by the police but all interested in the improvement of the law enforcement process. The article is a reflection of broad experiences in the field of policing and police training. The author is a former member of the Vermont Highway Patrol, was awarded a fellowship at the Northwestern University Traffic Institute. Graduating in 1938, he returned to the Patrol, and in 1940 was appointed to the Safety and Traffic Engineering Department of the Chicago Motor Club. In 1941 he became a staff member of the Institute and in August of that year was appointed its Acting Director of Training, the position he now holds. The article is based upon an address presented before the State and Provincial Section of the International Association of Chiefs of Police at the 1944 Annual Convention held at Cleveland, Ohio.-EDIToR.)

Prosecution of War Criminals

Abstract: The author is Commerce Counsel of the Chicago and North Western Railway He served as an officer of Field Artillery and in the Office of the Judge Advocate General, Regular Army, his last commission being Lt Colonel, and is a member of the Committee on Military and Naval Law, American Bar Association He maintains that the proposed Neuremburg trials are ill conceived and without legal foundation, and those accused of actual war crimes should be tried by military commissions under the law and customs of war-EDIToR