Showing papers in "Journal of Dairy Science in 2016"

TL;DR: It is concluded that the provision of high-starch and low-fiber starter feeds may negatively affect rumen development and that forage supplementation is beneficial for promoting development of the gut and rumination behavior in young calves.

TL;DR: The ways in which altered nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress can interact to compromise the immune system in transition cows will be discussed and a better understanding of the linkages between nutrition and immunity may facilitate the design of nutritional regimens that will reduce disease susceptibility in early lactation cows.

TL;DR: The calf's behavioral and stress response at weaning may influence its immunity during the transition from individual to group housing (commingling), and alternate commingling strategies and nutritional supplements may help with this transition, but more research is needed to explore feasible alternatives.

TL;DR: Recommendations are provided that will assist investigators to produce studies with greater internal and external validity that can more often be included in systematic reviews and global meta-analyses and better identify questions that require additional modeling or primary research.

TL;DR: Investigation of inflammatory diseases occurring before breeding on the developmental biology and reproductive responses in dairy cows demonstrated that inflammatory disease before breeding reduced fertilization of oocytes and development to morula, and impaired early conceptus development to elongation stages and secretion of IFN-τ in the uterine lumen.

TL;DR: Evaluating commercially available precision dairy monitoring technologies against direct visual observations of feeding, rumination, and lying behaviors found that these technologies accurately monitored dairy cattle behavior.

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of how diet and microbiota can affect growth and barrier function of the intestinal tract may facilitate the development of specific management regimens that could effectively influence gut function.

TL;DR: There is strong and consistent evidence of behavioral and developmental harm associated with individual housing in dairy calves, that social housing improves intakes and weight gains, and that health risks associated with grouping can be mitigated with appropriate management.

TL;DR: The results indicate that BHB induces bovine hepatocyte apoptosis through the ROS-p38-p53/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which was significantly correlated with plasma BHB.

TL;DR: Principal component analysis of average fatty acid profiles showed clear separation of milks from the grazed pasture-based diets to that of a TMR system throughout lactation, offering further insight into the ability to verify pasture-derived milk by fatty acid profiling.

TL;DR: Genomic best linear unbiased prediction was used to calculate GEBV for heat tolerance for milk, fat, and protein yield and some slight improvement in the accuracy of prediction was achieved when cows were included in the reference population for Holsteins.

TL;DR: Cows with low RFI likely digest and metabolize nutrients more efficiently and should have overall greater efficiency and profitability if they are also healthy, fertile, and produce at a high multiple of maintenance.

TL;DR: The number of animal-defined daily dosages (ADDD) indicates the number of days per year that the average cow in a herd is given antibiotic treatment and the reduction in antibiotic use has resulted in lower veterinary costs per cow in recent years.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors determined the association between circulating concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) and late embryonic mortality (EM) in dairy cattle following fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) on d 0 or timed embryo transfer (TET) ond 7, and identified a circulating concentration of PAG on d 31 below which late EM would be likely to occur.

TL;DR: The results from this study suggest thatCH4 emission is partly under genetic control, that it is possible to decrease CH4 emission from dairy cattle through selection, and that selection for higher milk yield will lead to higher genetic merit for CH 4 emission/cow per day.

TL;DR: An increased knowledge of progesterone biology and conceptus-endometrial interactions is necessary to understand and elucidate the causes of pregnancy loss and provide a basis for new strategies to improve pregnancy outcome and reproductive efficiency in ruminants.

TL;DR: The overall accuracy and timing of the AHMS alerts for cows with health disorders indicated that AHMS that combine rumination and activity could be a useful tool for identifying cows with metabolic and digestive disorders, and more severe cases of mastitis and metritis.

TL;DR: The rheology data showed that all samples presented a more viscous-like behavior, which rigidity tended to decrease during storage and lower luminosity values were also observed, which affected negatively the sensory acceptance.

TL;DR: It is inferred that foot lesion data recorded by hoof trimmers can provide useful information not only to develop effective foot health programs at herd level, but also for disease surveillance and genetic improvement at regional and national levels.

TL;DR: Results from the present study indicate that peripartal supplementation of rumen-protected Met but not CHOL has positive effects on cow performance.

TL;DR: The overall sensitivity and timing of the AHMS alerts for cows with metabolic and digestive disorders indicated that AHMS that combine rumination and activity could be a useful tool for identifying cows with digestive disorders.

TL;DR: An overview of the influence of raw milk quality on the quality of processed dairy products and a perspective on the merits of investing in quality is offered.

TL;DR: Viscosity and smoothness of mouthcoating positively influenced consumer liking of strawberry-flavored yogurts and whey beverages with different fat contents that were sweetened with sugar or nonsugar sweeteners.

TL;DR: The objective of this overview was to present available information related to the evaluation of fermented milk containing antihypertensive peptides by in vitro and in vivo studies, which are required before a fermented functional dairy product may be introduced to the market.

TL;DR: People not affiliated with the dairy industry appeared to hold an ethic for dairy farming that included concern for the animal, as well as economic, social, and environmental aspects of the dairy system.

TL;DR: A 3-dimensional algorithm is presented that provides a topographical understanding of the cow's body to estimate body condition scoring (BCS), independent of the background and requires 10 cows for training with approximately 30 movies of 4 s each.

TL;DR: The objective of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of thermoregulatory mechanisms and the influence of climatic conditions in different housing systems on the development, performance, and health of calves.

TL;DR: Overall, liver and blood biomarker analyses revealed favorable changes in liver function, inflammation status, and immune response in Met-supplemented cows.

TL;DR: The potential of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrometry to predict citrate content with good accuracy and to supply indicative contents of BHB and acetone in milk is demonstrated, thereby providing rapid and cost-effective tools to manage ketosis and negative energy balance in dairy farms.

TL;DR: Data indicate that provision of adequate nutrients from liquid and solid feeds and maintaining average daily gain above 0.5kg/d can enhance the first-lactation performance of heifers when combined with proper postweaning practices.