Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences 

About: Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Ultimate tensile strength & Compressive strength. It has an ISSN identifier of 2141-7016. Over the lifetime, 604 publications have been published receiving 2660 citations.

Compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tire rubber

Abstract: Waste-Tire rubber is one of the significant environmental problems worldwide. With the increase in the automobile production, huge amounts of waste tire need to be disposed. Due to the rapid depletion of available sites for waste disposal, many countries banned the disposal of waste tire rubber in landfills. Research had been in progress for long time to find alternatives to the waste tire disposal. Among these alternatives is the recycling of waste-tire rubber. Recycled waste tire rubber is a promising material in the construction industry due to its light weight, elasticity, energy absorption, sound and heat insulating properties. In this paper the density and compressive strength of concrete utilizing waster tire rubber has been investigated. Recycled waste tire rubber has been used in this study to replace the fine and coarse aggregate by weight using different percentages. The results of this paper shows that although, there was a significant reduction in the compressive strength of concrete utilizing waste tire rubber than normal concrete, concrete utilizing waste tire rubber demonstrated a ductile, plastic failure rather than brittle failure.

Comparative study on chemical composition and functional properties of three Nigerian legumes (Jack beans, Pigeon pea and Cowpea).

Abstract: The chemical composition and functional properties of two underutilized legume seeds (Jack bean and Pigeon pea) flours were compared with that of the popularly consumed Cowpea seed flour found in Nigeria. The three seeds were sampled from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria and each of them was separately ground and sieved into powder and analyzed for proximate composition, minerals and functional properties. The result revealed that Jack bean seed flour had the highest composition of ash (6.51±0.28%), protein (26.20±0.40%), carbohydrate (57.83±0.80%), potassium (2.20±0.40mg/g),foam capacity (20.67±0.41%) and emulsion capacity (71.73±0.44%); Pigeon pea had the highest composition of fat (4.78±0.22%), fibre (1.10±0.10%), energy (369.38±0.05kcal/100g), calcium (0.65±0.03mg/g), sodium (2.20±0.01mg/g), magnesium (1.55±0.01mg/g), phosphorous (55.00±0.20mg/g), least gelation concentration (6.00±0.10%), oil and water absorption capacity (148.17±%0.37; 189.77±0.28% respectively) and Cowpea had the highest value of iron (0.80±0.03mg/g), zinc (1.62±0.03mg/g), copper (0.57±0.10mg/g), foam (15.70±0.31%) and emulsion (15.20±0.37%) stability. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) only in the crude fibre and carbohydrate content of the three seed flours. Cowpea seed flour had the highest protein solubility in all the pH range examined except in pH 3, 4 and 11 where Jack bean seed flour had the highest protein solubility. Jack bean and Pigeon pea seed flours are good functional foods for nutrition and utilization.

Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and invertebrates of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria.

Abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an environmental issue because some of the compounds are toxic, mutagenic, or are known or suspected carcinogens. The presence of PAHs in high concentrations in an aquatic environment such as Lagos Lagoon and their subsequent bioaccumulation in the fish and invertebrates in the lagoon is a major concern as most of the people depend on this lagoon for seafoods. The levels of PAHs were assessed in water, sediment, invertebrates (crayfish shrimps and crabs) and twelve species of fish, including commercially important fish sold to local markets. Samples were collected and analyzed using Gaschromatography/ Mass selective Detector (GC/MSD). In whole fish samples, high molecular weight PAHs bioaccumulated more than the lower ones, with Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene having the concentration of 564.103 ng/g d. w. while Naphthalene had the concentration of 340.711 ng/g d. w. In the fish fillet tissues, the most bioaccumulated PAHs were Phenanthrene (109.758-11.491 ng/g d. w.) and Naphthalene (62.270-11.343 ng/g d. w.). Also in the invertebrate fillet tissues, Naphthalene (288.843-24.864ng/g d.w.) and Phenanthrene (179.042-23.021 ng/g d.w.) bioaccumulated most. Phenanthrene was found to pose high risks in young crabs, crabs eggs, and Carranx hippos (agaza). The levels and the risks of PAHs in fishes and invertebrates of Lagos Lagoon are hereby presented.

Nutritional Composition of the Leaves and Stems of Ocimum Gratissimum

Abstract: The leaves and stems of Ocimum gratissimum was analysed for its proximate and mineral composition. The proximate composition give the following results:82.60 ± 0.01% and 82.60 ± 0.11% moisture content for leaves and stems; 13.67 ± 0.13% and 13.67 ± 0.02% ash content for leaves and stems; 3.33 ± 0.07% and 1.65 ± 0.02% crude protein content for leaves and stems; 8.50 ± 0.04% and 3.00 ± 0.15% crude lipid content for leaves and stems and 9.52 ± 0.01% and 19.65 ± 0.03% crude fiber content for leaves and stems. Higher carbohydrates content in the leaves (64.98 ± 0.01%) and stems (62.03 ± 0.04%) give a corresponding increase in the energy value (343.08 ± 0.01 kcal/100g) for the leaves and (278.42 ± 0.11 kcal/100g) for the stems respectively. Potassium content was the highest among the mineral elements analysed with 1479.88 ± 0.01 mg//100g for the leaves and 2150.01 ± 0.11 mg//100g for the stems. Higher potassium content in the stems qualify it as a good source of this mineral elements for the hypertensive patient since potassium reduce the risk of been hypertensive. The leaves are good sources of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn when compared to their respective RDA.

Production, characterization and evaluation of castor oil biodiesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines

Abstract: In this study, the use of castor oil methyl ester as possible alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated. The oil was extracted in a soxhlet extractor using normal hexane as solvent. To overcome the high kinematic viscosity of the neat oil, a high molar ratio of 6 : 1 was used to produce the methyl ester. The viscosity of the ester was high and further reduced by blending with diesel fuel to reduce it to within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751-02 limits for biodiesel. The biodiesel was characterized and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results obtained gave properties, torque outputs and specific fuel consumption that are close to those of diesel fuel thus confirming that it can be used as alternative fuel for diesel engines. Chromatography analysis of the methyl ester shows that it contains 90% ricinoleic acid which is a monounsaturated, 18-carbon fatty acid with a high polarity hydroxyl functional group at C12 and ester linkages that makes the fuel unsaturated and with a wide range of industrial applications.