Showing papers in "Journal of Entrepreneurship & Organization Management in 2016"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored locus of control as psychological capital that contributes to entrepreneurial resilience in the face of prolonged economic adversity and found that entrepreneurial adversity is negatively associated with job satisfaction and self-reported health.
Abstract: For entrepreneurs, financial adversity is one of the most dominant causes of stress. Such entrepreneurial adversity can, on the one hand, lead to successful coping or, on the other hand, to maladaptive coping, helplessness, and desperation. In this study, author explores locus of control as psychological capital that contributes to entrepreneurial resilience in the face of prolonged economic adversity. Findings from a sample of 135 entrepreneurs show that entrepreneurial adversity is negatively associated with job satisfaction and self-reported health. Secondly, results reveal a significant moderating effect of locus of control on the adversity-well-being relationship.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological study was conducted to reveal the lived experiences of Saudi entrepreneurs in navigating regulatory procedures in Jeddah, where data were collected through prolonged, face-to-face phenomenological interviews with 22 Saudi businesspeople who started successful businesses.
Abstract: Saudi Arabian entrepreneurs face major difficulties with the country’s complex regulatory system. Based on Schumpeter’s theory of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to reveal the lived experiences of Saudi entrepreneurs in navigating regulatory procedures in Jeddah. Data were collected through prolonged, face-toface phenomenological interviews with 22 Saudi businesspeople who started successful businesses. The van Kaam method and member checking helped validate the transcribed data, which were subsequently coded into 4 themes. Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) obstacles in regulatory processes, (b) lack of information, (c) cumbersome procedures and need for alternatives to stringent protocols, and (d) persistence strategies needed to maneuver through inflexible regulations. For entrepreneurship progress according to the selected individuals, business rules needed to be comprehensible, shorter, and less bureaucratic. The analysis in this research suggest that, once entrepreneurship rules are transparent, Saudi Arabia may become a choice country for international businesses. These findings have implications for positive social change by informing the efforts of governmental authorities in their work towards effective regulatory processes as roadways to the economic well-being of businesses and communities, and could be a catalyst to boost foreign investments in the country.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared and contrasted the similarities and differences between male and female entrepreneurs regarding on risk tolerance, financing, management, motivation and network, and explained what entrepreneurship is, who are the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship traits.
Abstract: The purpose of this literature review is to examine the characteristics of male and female entrepreneurs globally. This document will compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the two regarding on risk tolerance, financing, management, motivation and network. The literature review will explain what entrepreneurship is, who are the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship traits. There also may be consistency in the barriers they face as well as their global counterparts.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified strong competition in the markets, high level of interest rates on loans, poor infrastructure, speed of debt payment by customers, unavailability of an appropriate property, state of the country's economy, low market demand for firms' products/service, pricing of competitor products, in availability of raw materials, attitude of banks and low availability of finance from lenders were rated as high barriers for small and medium business growth.
Abstract: Entrepreneurship is important for achieving economic growth in contemporary economies is widely recognized, both by policy makers and scholars. So the main objective of this study is to determine the barriers to growth of small and medium enterprises in Ethiopia. For research design; cross-sectional, descriptive and inferential designs study were used in the study. The study used both primary and secondary data. Pertaining to data analysis the researchers used quantitative data analysis techniques mainly descriptive analysis using percentages, tables and mean were employed. Accordingly, this study identified that strong competition in the markets, high level of interest rates on loans, poor infrastructure, speed of debt payment by customers, unavailability of an appropriate property, state of the country’s economy, low market demand for firms’ products/service, pricing of competitor products, in availability of raw materials, attitude of banks and low availability of finance from lenders were rated as high barriers for small and medium business growth. While, specially strong competition in the markets, high level of interest rates on loans, and poor infrastructure were as the highest barriers for small and medium business growth in developing country.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the effect of using TMS and Service Quality (ServQual) on Beneficiaries' (Customers') Satisfaction (BS) at Healthcare Sector of Jordan.
Abstract: Talent Management is becoming one of the most contemporary terms used and most influential weapon for companies to utilize them effectively in order to gain competitive advantage and get worth worthy. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the effect of using Talent Management Strategies (TMS) and Service Quality (ServQual) on Beneficiaries’ (Customers’) Satisfaction (BS) at Healthcare Sector of Jordan. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from healthcare sector of Jordan purposely chosen Princess Rahma for Pediatric Hospital in Irbid with 189 respondents who were at all levels, only 156 were returned but 21 of them were excluded because they were invalid for statistical analysis, only 135 questionnaires were valid and considered with a percentage of 71%. The findings revealed that the level of importance and implementation of Talent Management Strategies’, Service Quality, and beneficiaries’ Satisfaction were high at Princess Rahma Hospital supported by the correlations between these variables which were statistically and positively strong and significant. Moreover, a significant and statistical effects at (P ≤ 0.05) of Talent Management Strategies on Service Quality from one hand, a positive and significant effects at (P ≤ 0.05) of Talent Management Strategies on Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction. Thus, in turn, Service Quality has enhanced Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction in Jordan Healthcare Sector at (P ≤ 0.05). Finally, study results revealed that a significant and positive effects of Talent Management Strategies and Service Quality as independent variables on Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction of Jordan Healthcare Sector at (P ≤ 0.05). The study recommended more studies related to Talent Management and its Strategies and tied them with other based-service companies.
10 citations
TL;DR: The recruitment and selection process has become one of the key processes determining the success of an organization as mentioned in this paper and it is absolutely critical for businesses to hire the right people, with the right skills, right knowledge, right attributes, at the right time, for the right job.
Abstract: In today’s hyper competitive business environment employees are a source of competitive advantage. It is absolutely critical for businesses to hire the right people, with the right skills, right knowledge, right attributes, at the right time, for the right job. The recruitment and selection process has become one of the key processes determining the success of an organization. This paper examines the recruitment and selection process and the latest trends concerning recruitment and selection. The paper consists of three sections. The first section defines the recruitment and selection process in its entirety. It examines and defines the various phases and sub phases comprising recruitment and selection. The second section explores best practices associated with recruitment and selection process. The final section lists the latest trends concerning recruitment and selection.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, structural equation models are used to identify the determinants of family business that contribute in meeting/exceeding performance objectives of a family business, which is an essential indicator of organisational success and competitive advantage of firms.
Abstract: Family Business is seen as significant source for economic growth and development in today’s world. Family businesses have the potential to outperform any other form of business organization through their inherent synergies between capital and management. Performance is an essential indicator of the organisational success and competitive advantage of firms. If firms are able to identify the factors that determine improved performance, they could take advantage of their specific features. The purpose of this research is to give insight in the determinants of family business that contribute in meeting/exceeding performance objectives of the firm. Structural Equation Modelling is used for the analysis.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore prospects and challenges faced by small-scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa (SA) and find that the most outstanding prospects were free training and funding.
Abstract: Small-scale mining entrepreneurs are confronted with a variety of challenges during both the start-up and growth phase of their businesses not only in South Africa, but all over the world. Therefore, losing prospects available to them. The aim of this paper was to explore prospects and challenges faced by small scale mining entrepreneurs in South Africa (SA). To attain this end, a qualitative research paradigm was instituted for both data collection and analysis. The findings of this study concur with the literature, that there are indeed plenty of prospects available to small scale mining entrepreneurs. However, the most outstanding prospects was free training and funding. Nonetheless, the receptiveness of these prospects is somehow conditional.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of whether, and under what circumstances, human resource practices aimed at creating high levels of aggregate employee motivation can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a theory of whether, and under what circumstances, human resource practices aimed at creating high levels of aggregate employee motivation can be a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Drawing on the received literature in social psychology, it develops a three-dimensional conceptual framework of antecedents and consequences of employee motivation in an organizational setting. It determines that human resource practices that generate and capture superior levels of motivation rents can also generate sustainable competitive advantage, despite competitive pressures, when they are sufficiently tacit, causally ambiguity, and context specific.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial performance, while mediating the identity impact, that consider to be the important stimulating factor to drive passion in entrepreneurs for developing and founding new enterprises.
Abstract: On the Small Medium Enterprises, the paper aims to study the effects of entrepreneurial self- efficacy on entrepreneurial performance, while mediating the identity impact, that consider to be the important stimulating factor to drive passion in entrepreneurs for developing and founding new enterprises. From a source of self-efficacy and self-concordance theory perspective, the study assumes to apply exploratory factor analysis through direct oblimin rotation in order inspect discriminant validity concepts. Further, in order to analyze the causal relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance, while taking its mediating effect study apply hierarchical regression technique using SPSS. However, empirical findings allow us to understand the significant relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance. The study also suggests to explore the impact of identity in entrepreneurial passion further its relational impact on individual self-efficacy and performance through empirical findings. The study provides a mechanism that regularized passionate entrepreneur’s self-efficacy and improves their individual performance.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to assess the impact of cross-cultural variables such as age, communication and social networks influence on prospective technology entrepreneurs in the technology park El Ghazala in Tunisia.
Abstract: Technology parks are a strategic tool to spill over knowledge and skills. The rise of technology parks around the world and especially in developing countries, has addressed concerns on the technopreneurial activity and its impact on developing locations and regions, especially in developing countries in Africa, where private and public sector are joining efforts to create a sustainable ecosystem for technology entrepreneurs. Hence, numbers of challenges are facing Africa, particularly the cross-cultural factors and the ICT infrastructure. This research was conducted on Technology Park El Ghazala in Tunisia. We will try to assess the impact of cross-cultural variables such as age, communication and social networks influence on prospective technology entrepreneurs.
TL;DR: In this article, an international agriculture corporation (Cargill), collaborated with local farmers, farmers union, government agencies, and an international environmental organization (The Nature Conservancy) to innovate solutions to deforestation in Brazil caused by soybean production.
Abstract: Global supply chains bring jobs and opportunities to developing regions but also can cause problematic impacts to businesses, governments, communities, and environments where production occurs, such as the deforestation occurring in the Amazon. Innovative strategies are being developed in response to these challenges. This case study examines how an international agriculture corporation (Cargill), collaborated with local farmers, farmers union, government agencies, and an international environmental organization (The Nature Conservancy) to innovate solutions to deforestation in Brazil caused by soybean production. Collaborators developed and delivered a program that increased soybean production and decreased deforestation. They did so by making compliance with existing laws financially feasible, easily monitored, evenly enforced, and reliably rewarded.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors observe the development of an internet banking institution and learn that such an institution can fall into many pits on its growth and development and the same is true for its client as they utile internet banking as a loan client, depositor or any other service provided by the internet banking process.
Abstract: We observe the development of an internet banking institution and learn that such an institution can fall into many pits on its growth and development. The same is true for its client as they utile internet banking as a loan client, depositor or any other service provided by the internet banking process. By observing the benefits of learning quality control and continuous improvement as practiced in industrial experimentation, one can avoid many of the pitfalls associated the management of an internet banking process as well as being a consumer participant in the system. We note the difficulties with which new computer users and internet banking entails is less technological actions. Computer software developers must also use these quality control and improvement practices in the development of software in this internet banking process to facilitate with an error free result the consequences of the transactions made in the on-line process. Software should be easy to learn and the likelihood of errors be kept to a minimum in a manner similar to operations in rocket science where the consequences of failure are thought to be close to zero.
TL;DR: In the case of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) whose share and contribution to the overall economy have been increasing, especially, in the developing or transition economies, the key for success has become enterprise's capacity to innovate and come up with innovative solutions to the production processes.
Abstract: Under the current increased interdependence and market globalization product and service markets have been in constant change. These changes in their turn contributing to the rise of the level of competition putting enormous pressures on enterprises of all sizes to respond quickly to the changes and developments in market affairs. One of the crucial factors of survival in this highly competitive world economy is to find the way to increase the productivity and efficiency while reducing the costs. Thus, the key for success has become enterprise’s capacity to innovate and come up with innovative solutions to the production processes. It is nowhere as obvious as in the case of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) whose share and contribution to the overall economy have been increasing, especially, in the developing or transition economies.
TL;DR: In this article, the mediating effects of the absorption capacity between relational network of contractors and their entrepreneurial orientation in the specific case of Tunisian SMEs are analyzed in terms of identification and exploitation of opportunities business.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the mediating effects of the absorption capacity between relational network of contractors and their entrepreneurial orientation in the specific case of Tunisian SMEs. The originality of this approach lies in the development of the concept of absorption capacity for SMEs which lack the means to profit from their own relational fabrics in terms of identification and exploitation of opportunities business.
Abstract: Complementing to the inferences of previous research, this paper seeks to investigate the moderating impact on the relationship of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and venture growth. This study conducted as a cross sectional survey and utilized the sample frame of the registry of Small Enterprises Development Division, Sri Lanka. 317 entrepreneurs were captured from varied districts of Sri Lanka and the data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The assessment of the moderating effects was subjected to multi-group analysis and the moderation effect was observed in the Chi-Square difference test. Findings of the study revealed that, EO acts as a predictor of venture growth suggesting a direct positive relationship. EO-growth relationship is strengthening under a low power distant organization. Uncertainty and ambiguity an entrepreneur faces is also weaken the relationship of EO-growth. Finally, individualism weakens the relationship of EO-growth.
TL;DR: This paper analyzes principles that govern TCN interactions through the lens of Structural Contingency Theory, as extended to the inter-organizational level, and suggests how the TCN approach may be applicable to supply chain networks in general.
Abstract: This conceptual article analyzes and connects theory to the practice of a novel inter-organizational form we call the transient collaboration network or TCN approach. Field observations in China suggest that emerging entrepreneurs enter into collaborations with supply chain partners under very different mindsets regarding interorganizational relationships, trust, collaboration and long-term expectations from traditional supply network practices. Briefly, these organizations cannot themselves build all resources needed for competitive advantages in volatile business environments. These entrepreneurs develop the TCN approach to allow their organizations to achieve full potential to locate and access the right resources at the right time through trusted collaborations in these dynamic or turbulent business environments. This paper analyzes principles that govern TCN interactions through the lens of Structural Contingency Theory, as extended to the inter-organizational level. Propositions explain how relations between structures and contingencies affect inter-organizational collaborative performances, and suggest how the TCN approach may be applicable to supply chain networks in general.
TL;DR: The authors examines how advertising transforms manifold attitudes towards women turning them into mere objects to be looked at and highlights the arguments ethicists have given against using a woman's body and desirability to sell various products.
Abstract: Advertising has become an essential marketing activity in the modern consumer world. Organizations rely heavily on advertising to draw consumer attention to their market offering. Besides being a profit making gizmo at the hands of marketers, advertising also plays an important role in influencing social attitudes and moral standards. However, today’s ad world has been less sensitive towards health of the moral fabric of society and has been accused by many for objectifying women. Unfortunately, women have been transformed into commodities to be marketed. Commodification of women has been happening at a subliminal level. This paper examines how advertising transforms manifold attitudes towards women turning them into mere objects to be looked at. The paper also aims to highlight the arguments ethicists have given against using a woman’s body and desirability to sell various products. They also warn that this kind of portrayal can have serious repercussions for the society, as it strongly influences how women are being viewed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual theoretical discussion of the critical importance of education on the evolutionary development of organisational, business and management behavior is provided, and the challenge of producing the correct research design methodology, needs to be met.
Abstract: This paper intends to provide a conceptual theoretical discussion of the critical importance of education, on the evolutionary development of organisational, business and management behaviour. This paper aims to demonstrate why the challenge of producing the correct research design methodology, needs to be met.
This conceptual paper posits that education is crucial in enabling people to make informed decisions, when they interact with the business community. Due to the global financial crisis, critical issues which affect organisational evolution have resurfaced, e.g. corporate social responsibility (CSR), governance and accountability. These key issues are more easily understood, if people are educated, enabled to critically evaluate an organisation’s policies and procedures.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of religion as a separated institutional logic on firm behavior and performance, particularly in the context of corporate development strategies and decision-making, was explored in leveraged buyouts, an important strategic initiative associated with high levels of perceived risk from increased financial leverage.
Abstract: This paper sheds light on the role of religion as a separated institutional logic on firm behavior and performance, particularly in the context of corporate development strategies and decision making. We argue that religiosity in a firm’s environment influences decision making of organizations when initiating and evaluating corporate development strategies and hence leading to uneven distribution of economic activity. We focus on leveraged buyouts (LBOs) an important strategic initiative associated with high levels of perceived risk from increased financial leverage, a drastic change in governance structure, and potential conflicts between stakeholders. We contend that local religiosity reduces the likelihood of LBO transactions that nonetheless creates a favorable selection process resulting in a lower rate of LBO bankruptcies. We find results supporting our predictions in a unique sample of 4,633 US buyouts in 1980-2003.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the organization from the perspective of fish chain development with a view to analyses constraints and supporting factors for changes in the Organization in order to realize the mainstreaming of value chain approach or improvement of value chains approach.
Abstract: Organizational analysis is about organizations and people. This covers issues of structure and formality. But it also encompasses issues of process and, in a very fundamental way, change. The Organizational Development and Institutional Strengthening (ODIS) analysis gives an imminent of the Oromia Agricultural Research Institute (OARI), Zeway Fisheries Resources Research Center (ZFRRC). The objective of the paper is to assess the organization from the perspective of fish chain development with a view to analyses constraints and supporting factors for changes in the Organization in order to realize the mainstreaming of value chain approach or improvement of value chains approach.
TL;DR: The authors examines the problems that confront SMEs to effectively manage projects and examines the relationship between failures of SMEs and undertaken SMEs projects in Nigeria and proffers solutions to surmount the associated problems failures and their undertaken projects.
Abstract: SMEs engage in projects which includes innovations, new product development, product improvement and implementations of new processing technology. SMEs in Nigeria face challenges that hinder their projects such as Organizational Structure, Finance, Project Management Knowledge and Environment. This research examines the problems that confront SMEs to effectively manage projects. The research also examines the relationship between failures of SMEs and undertaken SMEs projects in Nigeria and proffers solutions to surmount the associated problems failures of SMEs and their undertaken projects.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is proposed for governing factors that impact the implementation of t-government such as strategy, leadership, stakeholders, citizen centricity and funding in context of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract: Governments around the world have invested significant sums of money on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of services being provided to their citizens. However, they have not achieved the desired results because of the lack of interoperability between different government entities. Therefore, many governments have started shifting away from the original concept of e-Government towards a much more transformational approach that encompasses the entire relationship between different government departments and users of public services, which can be termed as transformational government (t- Government). In this paper a model is proposed for governing factors that impact the implementation of t- Government such as strategy, leadership, stakeholders, citizen centricity and funding in context of Saudi Arabia. Five constructs are hypothesised to be related to implementation of t-Government. To clarify the relationships among these constructs, a structural equation model (SEM) is utilised to examine the model fit with the five hypotheses. The results show that there are positive and significant relationships among the constructs such as the relationships between strategy and t-Government; the relationships between stakeholders and t-Government; the relationships between leadership and t-Government. This study also showed insignificant relationship between citizens’ centricity and t-Government and also insignificant relationship between funding and t-Government.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the relationship between personal variables and the perception of customers on dimensions, the Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA test was applied to verify that the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the perception scores of dimensions among different groups of customers classified according to age, gender, education, occupation, income, type of accounts and customers' duration.
Abstract: Customers have come to gauge the ‘technical factors’ of services such as core and systematization of the service delivery as the yardstick in differentiating good and bad performance. Customer service is an important adjunct in any undertaking especially in business and service organizations like banks. Day in and day out banks deal with customers, be it the depositors or borrowers or anyone who walks into its portals for transacting any financial business. Now a days, a stiff competition between commercial banks has arisen in providing world class financial services to customers by using information technology, reducing costs, increasing profits and compete with international banks. To explore the relationship between personal variables and the perception of customers on dimensions, the Kruskal Wallis one way ANOVA test was applied. The Kruskal Wallis test was administered to verify that the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the perception scores of dimensions among different groups of customers classified according to age, gender, education, occupation, income, type of accounts and customers’ duration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of leadership behavior for institutions through different sub-dimensions was analyzed, while analyzing the effects of leadership behaviour upon organizational commitment and job satisfaction, effects of commitment level upon employee satisfaction were evaluated.
Abstract: This study arisen from the basic hypothesis that employees with high job satisfaction also have high organizational commitment analyzed the importance of leadership behavior for institutions through different sub-dimensions. For that purpose, while analyzing the effects of leadership behavior upon organizational commitment and job satisfaction, effects of commitment level upon employee satisfaction were also evaluated. Within the scope of the study, 234 valid questionnaires were collected from different public institutions, and the data obtained from these questionnaires were evaluated through multiple regression analyses. The analysis results indicated that leadership behaviors had a significant effect upon organizational commitment and job satisfaction; however, this effect was lower than expected. Practicing this research to the public sector where employees have been accepted as a mechanical factor of the state both provided a contribution upon the relevant literature and offered important suggestions for the practitioners.
TL;DR: In this article, a model is presented that lead time of goods is considered as dynamic by using statistical and also effectiveness models from internal and external environment variables of organization and optimized the cost of production in order to reduce the latency in timely receiving and balancing the warehousing time.
Abstract: In productive enterprises, timely preparation and procurement of goods is very important due to that related costs to the production and working capitals of organization is severely affected. In available scientific methods, including MRP, regardless of resource constraints and other factors, the amount of lead time of goods have always considered to be fixed. In this paper, then a model will present that lead time of goods is considered as dynamic by using statistical and also effectiveness models from internal and external environment variables of organization and optimized the cost of production in order to reduce the latency in timely receiving and balancing the warehousing time. At the end, researcher with the implementation of issue in a simulated environment and compare it with the real environment, shows the advantage of proposed model compared to other models by numbers and figures.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the validity of the incompatibility hypothesis by looking at the global automotive market and showed that mathematical effects that may be relevant to the effect of "stuck-in-the-middle" contributory cause.
Abstract: The aim of the present empirical study is to show that mathematical effects that may be relevant to the effect of "stuck-in-the-middle" contributory cause. The automotive industry is recognized as one of the largest and most important industries. This enormous volume and the concomitant dependence on upstream and downstream industries is called the automotive industry as the "industry of industries". There is no question what value content (competitive) hold strategies in the automotive industry. The objective is to exemplary review of salaried by Porter considerations. According to the incompatibility hypothesis, businesses should either pursue a differentiation or a cost leadership strategy or concentrate on focal areas. Businesses which don’t follow this principle, might have to face lower profitability. This article investigates the validity of the hypothesis by looking at the global automotive market.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study entitled customer perception to the services of commercial banks in Madurai city is carried out in the Temple city which is the second largest one in Tamil Nadu.
Abstract: Private banking in India was practiced since the beginning of banking system in India. The first private bank be set up in India was the IndusInd Bank. It was one of the fastest growing banks, among private sector banks in India.” A customer is one who receives a product or service from an organization. So defined, a customer would obviously include an account holder or his representative, or a person carrying on casual business transactions with a bank, or a person who on his own initiative may come within the ambit banking fold. The study entitled customer perception to the services of commercial banks in Madurai city is carried out in the Temple city which is the second largest one in Tamil Nadu. Twenty four public sector banks and fifteen private sector banks function in Madurai district.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that technological complexity induces external alliance for the transformation of the organizational knowledge to new product. But, the odds of the external alliance are not in a linear manner.
Abstract: High-technology enterprises are increasingly developing their technological advantages in foreign countries. In doing so, they need to make the decision whether to organize the R and D activity inside the organization or outside through alliance. The perceived assumption suggests that technological complexity dictates the internal organization of the R and D activity. However, emerging evidence suggests that technological complexity induces external alliance for the transformation of the organizational knowledge to new product. We test this proposition that there is a positive correlation between technological complexity and the external alliance of the firm. The hypotheses find support that complexities of (i) Scale, (ii) Scope, (iii) Intra-clusters and (iv)Inter-cluster of the patent claims predict external alliance. However, the odds of the external alliance are not in a linear manner. Rather, the odds of these predictors are high, low and high again. The article discusses theoretical and practical implications.
TL;DR: Their experiences can guide other healthcare systems in overcoming entrenched habits, resistance, and other challenges to implement organizational change while affirming their core values and commitments.
Abstract: Context: Academic medical centers (AMCs) and other healthcare organizations are notoriously conservative and resistant to change. Yet, in recent years, a number of healthcare organization have taken bold steps to reform physician’s relationships with drug and device companies, implementing stringent policies to control conflicts of interest in clinical care (COIC) - from bans on company-funded gifts and meals to limits on outside consulting and speaking. These sweeping initiatives are all the more remarkable in that they are not cost-neutral. Objective, Population, Sample and Sampling Technique: To be sure, these organizations are unusual. Yet their outlier status makes them all the more vital as examples of organizational change. What drove them to break from their peers and begin this transformation? How were they able to implement policies which, in many ways, run counter to organizational and individual self-interest? To answer these questions, we conducted intensive case studies at 16 institutions with exemplary COIC policies. Research Strategy: Using semi-structured interviews with leaders, administrators, faculty, and staff at all organizational levels, we investigated the origins and dynamics of policy change. We recorded and transcribed all sessions and then used NVivo software to systematically analyze the data. Major findings: In all of our case studies, success depended on a combination of leadership and strategy, focused on developing a structure and a set of incentives for change. Their experiences can guide other healthcare systems in overcoming entrenched habits, resistance, and other challenges to implement organizational change while affirming their core values and commitments.