Showing papers in "Journal of Environmental Management in 1997"

TL;DR: In this paper, a directional distance function is used as a component in a new productivity index that readily models joint production of goods and bads, credits firms for reductions in bads and increases in goods, and does not require shadow prices of bad outputs.

TL;DR: An overview of gas and leachate formation mechanisms in landfills and their adverse environmental impacts, and control methods to eliminate or minimize these impacts is presented in this paper. But the authors do not consider the potential health hazards, such as fires and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant odors, landfill settlement, ground water pollution, air pollution and global warming.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated factors influencing farmers' motivations for participation in the Cambrian Mountains ESA scheme (Wales, UK) and concluded that a behavioural approach offers a valuable insight into farmers' decision-making behaviour with regard to participation in agri-environmental schemes.

TL;DR: A map of carbon in the vegetation of Great Britain at 1 km×1 km resolution based on land cover identified in the I.T.E. Land Cover Map is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this article, a stream temperature model was created by considering the gains and losses of thermal energy resulting from radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation and advection.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of deer movement patterns in relation to roads in order to try and develop some general conclusions about the probable or expected pattern and behaviour of road crossings.

TL;DR: An overview of the environmental impact of agriculture in the U.S. can be found in this article, where Skinner, A. A. Lewis, K. S. Bardon, P Tucker, J. K. Catt, and B. J. chambers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the hypothesis that different ethical belief systems are unrelated to the attitude an individual takes towards the environment and find evidence that environmentalists choose to operate on a rights-based approach which rejects the relative welfare arguments of economics and positively attributes compensation to future generations for environmental damages.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a model of nitrogen management on the dairy farm, and performed sensitivity analyses in order to determine the relative importance of manipulating herd nutrition, manure management and crop selection in reducing nitrogen (N) losses from the farm.

TL;DR: The authors examined public attitudes toward environmental spending from 1974 to 1991 and found evidence that support for enhanced environmental funding is influenced by an array of demographic and attitudinal factors including age, education, gender, ideology, party affiliation and urbanization.

TL;DR: The results provide clear empirical evidence that regional arrangements may vary with state of nature, and implementation of environmental policy should also be examined based on its long-term sustainability, and taking into consideration only the cost recovery aspect.

TL;DR: In this article, a three stage model is used to examine the relationship between the economic concept of value and the bio-physical dimensions of the protected area, and a productivity analysis approach is adopted to evaluate flood damage in terms of lost producer surplus.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the costs and benefits from reductions in the loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea, and show that the benefits of a 50% reduction in the load of nitrogen are about as large as the associated total costs.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of differential herbicide exposure downwind of a sprayer were measured on species yield, flowering performance, seed production, seed viability and invasion by new species.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between environmental concern and ratings of acceptability of environmental impacts among visitors at two national park settings and found that individuals with greater levels of environmental concern are less accepting of environmental impact in national parks than individuals with lesser degrees of concern.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of time domain electromagnetic method (TDEM) and direct well observation appears an optimal means of assessing intrusion of seawater into coastal aquifers in Israel.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main factors influencing tree loss are probably elephant density, fire and droughts, which is probably a secondary factor in the consumption of woody vegetation, elephant density and drought are probably the main reasons that influence tree mortality.

TL;DR: A model to predict the number of visitors to a recreational woodland in eastern England by integrating data from numerous sources within a geographical information system (GIS) is developed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that in comparison with alternative paradigms for analysing uncertainty, Bayesian analysis is practical, theoretically sound, and relatively easy to understand.

TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology for estimating local climate variables such as regional precipitation and temperature using atmospheric circulation patterns is developed, where a sequence of observed daily air pressure distributions is used to define circulation patterns.

TL;DR: In a field planting in a previously barren deflation zone in the large parabolic dunes of Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts, culms of A. breviligulata that were inoculated with native species of AMF produced more tillers and inflorescences than did non-inoculated plants, even though 78% of the latter had become mycorrhizal 47 weeks after planting.

TL;DR: Untreated wastewater from a recirculation system used to culture fish was passed through three treatment systems containing different species of aquatic macrophyte, and the importance of plant cropping, especially in the emergent system, is highlighted.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report statistical analyses of data on perceptions, mitigating behaviour and management preferences in order to highlight the difficulties related to empirical analysis of congestion, and offer evidence that may be of assistance to those wishing to construct measures of congestion for use in an observed behaviour model.

TL;DR: In this paper, landscape changes over a period of 25 years were assessed for a catchment basin in Normandy, France, using aerial photographs (1964, 1989) and soil maps to define a landscape typology.

TL;DR: The authors investigated the symbolic meaning of different groups of park visitors assign to specific impact situations, involving the perception of five categories of impacts: litter, erosion, dead trees and animals, crowding and congestion, and commercial encroachment.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is observed that development of campsites that involve much vegetation removal accounts for loss of woody species and reduces species composition in protected areas and it is recommended that an early evaluation of the potential of natural areas should be done based on ecological information and should broadly consider the biological diversity often lost quickly through removal of vegetation during campsite development.

TL;DR: This approach views the data management process as an integrated system in order to achieve a smooth flow of data from capture through to access within the short time-scales required, incorporating the necessary quality assurance specifications.

TL;DR: In this article, a project which would extend a pilot scheme over a wide area affected by both plot consolidation and Dutch elm disease was investigated and the contingent valuation method was used to derive the benefits which the general public would receive from this project.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effects of grazing and three exclosure treatments (no grazing, no-grazing plus oversowing, and no grazing plus oversow plus fertilizer) on soils (Ustochrepts) and biomass of tussock grasslands on hill country under a mean annual rainfall of about 500-600 mm in the Benmore Range, South Island, New Zealand.

TL;DR: In this article, a scheme for dealing with weak information, based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory, is described, which offers greater flexibility than the Bayesian approach when quantifying weak information and more faithfully reflects its consequences in the results of decision analysis.