Showing papers in "Journal of European Social Policy in 1996"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify some common traits of the welfare states of Italy, Spain, Por tugal and Greece, with special attention to in stitutional and political aspects, and propose a model to compare them.
Abstract: This article tries to identify some common traits of the welfare states of Italy, Spain, Por tugal and Greece, with special attention to in stitutional and political aspects.
2,588 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, social care services are defined as a specific way of increasing the autonomy of both care pro viders and care receivers, and they represent an expanding component of the welfare state; they are important for women; and there are major differences between different countries in social care.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to bring social care services into the domain of comparative social policy research. The reason why it is important for social care services to be incor porated into the debate is that they represent an expanding component of the welfare state; that they are important for women; and that there are major differences between different countries in social care services. We have defined social care services as a specific way of increasing the autonomy of both care pro viders and care receivers.
605 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general overview of the formation of the social protection system in Greece and an explanation for its parti cularities, and they make an attempt to clarify the problem of the existence of a 'Latin-rim' welfare model and the classifi cation of the Greek Social Protection System.
Abstract: The aim of this article is not to describe in detail the social protection system in Greece or in the other southern European countries. Its mam ambition is to offer a general overview of its formation and an explanation for its parti cularities. The basic thesis is that essentially the Greek Welfare State belongs to the conti nental model. Its consolidation is very recent, because the post-civil war 'dual society' (1946-74) did not allow the formation of a viable social consensus, a necessary prerequi site for the welfare state. There are, conse quently, important distortions in the develop ment of the social security system. Although many of these institutional particularities are common in the Mediterranean South, they are not qualitatively sufficient so as to create a new institutional paradigm or a 'South-European' Welfare model. In the first section an attempt is made to clarify the problem of the existence of a 'Latin-rim' welfare model and the classifi cation of the Greek social protection system ...
145 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between the national and the global in the welfare arena has been partial, incompletely theorized, empirically limited, and fragmented by discipline as mentioned in this paper, and the solution is to span the divide between international relations and welfare states.
Abstract: West European political economies are cur rently experiencing a tumultuous process of change. Although it is still unclear exactly how far and in what ways this will affect welfare states, it is increasingly evident that they will not emerge unscathed. Understanding what is happening is far from easy, given the inability of much analysis to grasp the multifaceted nature of contemporary developments. Gradually we are beginning to get a clearer idea of the challenges and contradictions internal to the operation of west European welfare states. At the same time, innovations in the expanding discipline of international political economy are providing new insights into the changing nature of the world econ omy. Thus far, however, attempts to explore the relationship between the national and the global in the welfare arena have been partial, incompletely theorized, empirically limited and fragmented by discipline. As argued by Garrett and Lange (1995) the solution is to span the divide between international rel...
118 citations
TL;DR: The authors compare the alternative routes followed by Hallerod (1995) and Callan, Nolan and Whelan (1993) to identify those experiencing exclusion from the life of society due to lack of resources by the application of a combination of income and deprivation.
Abstract: This article compares the alternative routes followed by Hallerod (1995) and Callan, Nolan and Whelan (1993) to identify those ex periencing exclusion from the life of society due to lack of resources by the application of a combination of income and deprivation cri teria. Hallerod's methodology involves a con sensual income poverty line and a deprivation index containing all 36 items available to him, weighted to reflect the extent to which each is regarded as a necessity. Our approach em ploys relative income poverty lines and a sub- set of indicators relating to 'basic' deprivation. Applying both to a household sample dataset for Ireland, we find very similar numbers, about 16 per cent of the sample, meet the two alternative income/deprivation criteria, with about 70 per cent of these meeting both. Many of those meeting Hallerod's criteria but not ours are elderly single-person households, while families with children with an unem ployed or ill/disabled head predominate among those meeting our criteria but not his. While the former group have particular diffi culties with poor quality housing and housing- related durables, the latter are more likely to be experiencing generalized deprivation in a situation where housing is subject to very specific life-cycle and State policy factors. The results from both approaches lend support to the case that using both income and depri vation information, rather than income alone, helps in directing attention towards the most important processes producing poverty.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tried to extend the classical monetary approach to poverty by the use of non-monetary indicators, and looked at poverty as a cumulative process of social dis advantage and a comparison made of the dif ferent forms this takes across Europe.
Abstract: This article attempts to extend the classical monetary approach to poverty by the use of non-monetary indicators. Poverty will be looked at as a cumulative process of social dis advantage and a comparison made of the dif ferent forms this takes across Europe. This study is based on the results of a research pro ject commissioned by Eurostat to define and correlate several indicators in seven west European countries (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands). There is a convergence in some respects, but also notable examples of diver gence from one country to another. With regard to convergent factors, some are unsur prising. Precariousness on the labour market, defined as lack of job security or short and long term unemployment, is correlated with low incomes and poor housing conditions. The likelihood of living as a single person, or of experiencing marital breakdown or divorce, is also much greater for people whose status on the labour market is insecure. Precari ousness...
84 citations
TL;DR: The legislative framework of the Union, the formal position of health and health care in European Union law, and the concept of subsidiarity are described, followed by a series of areas in which provisions to the 'four freedoms' of movement of goods, services, persons and capital have implications for health andhealth care.
Abstract: Formally, the European Union has relatively little role in health and health care This paper offers a guide to those responsible for devel oping and implementing health policy within the member states of the European Union It first describes the legislative framework of the Union, the formal position of health and health care in European Union law, and the concept of subsidiarity It continues by exam ining a series of areas in which provisions re lated to the 'four freedoms' of movement of goods, services, persons and capital have im plications for health and health care, such as free movement of professionals, of patients, of health care providers, and of pharmaceuticals It concludes by considering when a member state can block free movement and how health can get on to the policy agenda
71 citations
TL;DR: The first stock-taking of the practice under the Maastricht Social Policy Agreement between the E U member states except the UK was carried out by as mentioned in this paper, who provided an overview of the rules and exper...
Abstract: This article undertakes a first stock-taking of the practice under the Maastricht Social Policy Agreement between the E U member states except the UK. It provides an overview of the rules and exper...
49 citations
TL;DR: In the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Poland and Slovakia, the bottom of the income distribution is larger in Hungary and Poland than in Czech Republic as mentioned in this paper, and Slovakia is also slowly shifting into the former group.
Abstract: Comparative documentation on earnings and household incomes is gathered and analyzed to show recent tendencies in distributional pat terns in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. No revolutions, but important shifts mostly maintaining differences between countries have occurred since 1989. Inequality rose in both personal and household incomes, and market patterns seem to have developed at the expense of demographic determination of incomes. Whereas recent income mobility in Poland and Hungary has been caused mostly by education, firm ownership and branch of activity played a more important role in the former Czechoslovakia. Legitimacy of in equality is low in all countries and poverty is increasingly viewed as the state's responsi bility. The bottom of the income distribution is however far larger in Hungary and Poland than in the Czech Republic. Slovakia is also slowly shifting into the former group. Under increasing deprivation, income inequality and its control is likely to become one of ...
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a systematic study of the ways in which different welfare regimes may have helped challenge the dominant ide ology of mothering by fostering a distribution of child care which assists mothers in their employment and which gives child care providers social and economic status.
Abstract: The question of who looks after young chil dren is a function of the social construction of 'mothering'. Although the exact nature and distribution of 'mothering' work changes ac cording to cultural and historical context, mothering has remained inextricably linked to gender. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that fathers' involvement in child care has not increased to match mothers' involvement in the labour force and that women remain the principal carers for children. Given that child care continues to be women's work, the aim of this article is to provide a systematic study of the ways in which different welfare regimes may have helped challenge the dominant ide ology of mothering by fostering a distribution of child care which assists mothers in their em ployment and which gives child care providers social and economic status. This is achieved by investigating mothers' employment patterns, policies towards parenting and child care, child care practices and the status of child care providers in Swed...
24 citations
TL;DR: The European Union plays an important part in the equal treatment for men and women as discussed by the authors and the directives implementing the principle of equal pay for equal work reflect a rapidly changing evol ution since the Barber judgment.
Abstract: The European Union plays an important part in the equal treatment for men and women. Article 119 of the EC Treaty and the directives implementing the principle of equal pay for equal work reflect a rapidly changing evol ution since the Barber judgment. Not only the pension bodies themselves but also the govern ments and the other parties involved find it hard to recover from the shock wave the Barber judgment sent through the sector. The commotion caused by the issue of equal treat ment has not yet completely subsided.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare three countries, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands, to exemplify the first three groups and a case study is conducted usmg selected areas within them: Berkshire for the UK; Toulouse and the southern outskirts of Paris, and the E4 corridor north of Stockholm.
Abstract: the market to provide support where it is needed. The social democratic group includes Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands, though here too there are large differences and the author do not explain that policies in both Sweden and the Netherlands have undergone major change in the last few years. The book then goes on to consider which model does best according to various yardsticks, such as provision of sufficient supply of housing, stability of the housmg market and housing costs. Three countries are chosen, Britain, France and Sweden, to exemplify the first three groups and a case study is conducted usmg selected areas within them: Berkshire for the UK; Toulouse and the southern outskirts of Paris, and the E4 corridor north of Stockholm. Differences in tenure between the
TL;DR: This booklet might have begun with the differences between the two health care systems, and moved on to evaluate how they shape differently the task of allocative decision making: do some structures differ?
Abstract: has little competence m the field of priority setting. Furthermore, British and German paths seem to be crossing, as Germany moves toward and Britain retreats from prospective budgeting of hospitals. Despite these substantial differences, the report’s conclusion prefers to stress the ’considerable similarities in both countries’ underlying problems and approaches’. In the most interesting cross-national studies, individual cases tug at each other across a research question, generating a kind of comparative tension which the investigation then seeks to resolve. Similarly, this booklet might have begun with the differences between the two health care systems, movmg on to evaluate how they shape differently the task of allocative decision making: do some structures
TL;DR: The publication lays out the constraints upon the United Kingdom and Germany as they decide how to allocate their health care resources.
Abstract: policy analysts, climcians, ethicists and managers met for two days in Bonn to compare notes on priority-setting in health care. The publication that emerged lays out the constraints upon the United Kingdom and Germany as they decide how to allocate their health care resources. After sketching the main features of the two health systems, the report describes the distributme roles played in each country by four key actors: the State, purchasers of health care, providers, and individual citizens. There are
TL;DR: In this article, a flexible quota system was proposed to help western Europe meet their humanpower and demographic needs and provide a safety-valve for high emigration pressures, but it lacks a theoretical framework and each of the chapters should in my opinion have been arranged around a set of theoretical distinctions.
Abstract: root causes m sending countries. He goes on to suggest a flexible quota system which could on the one hand help western Europe meet their humanpower and demographic needs and on the other hand provide a safety-valve for high emigration pressures. A pitfall of the book is that it lacks a theoretical framework; each of the chapters should in my opinion have been arranged around a set of theoretical distinctions, or an mtroduc-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors stress the opaqueness and institutional complexity of a supranational policing field, and locate the driving force of this process in the discursive construction of an ideology about a "per-per-
Abstract: In trying to map the contours of a supranational policing field, the authors stress its opaqueness and institutional complexity. Policing Europe is considered a ’moving target’ to be conceptualized as a dynamic process of ’highly flexible strategic and tactical alliances (and conflicts) between supranational bodies, mdividual European member states, police organizations and their constituencies’, giving rise to a European regime of co-operation. Most importantly, the authors locate the driving force of this process in the discursive construction of an ideology about a ’per-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a variety of viewpoints, topics covered, methods, and analytical orientations offered by these policy domain studies is, beyond doubt, impressing. But it also reveals a lack of analytical information.
Abstract: single policy domains: Regional, agricultural and ’big’ science’s interest representation; the generation of EU regulations on chemicals, medical devices, and health and safety standards at work; consequences of the Common Market for German welfare associations; integration and industrial relations; European art production The variety of viewpoints, topics covered, methods, and analytical orientations offered by these policy domain studies is, beyond doubt, impressing. But it also reveals a lack of
TL;DR: The last book on Social Integration and Marginalization comes from a group of researchers in Denmark and Sweden, who consider concepts, theories and empirical evidence in relation to new structures and the changmg everyday life.
Abstract: The last book on Social Integration and Marginalization comes from a group of researchers in Denmark and Sweden, who consider concepts, theories and empirical evidence in relation to new structures and the changmg everyday life. In particular, they focus on the reasons for and rationality underlying differentiation and integration. The book has several good chapters, although they vary a great deal in style and approach from a highly theoretical article on