Showing papers in "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology in 1996"

TL;DR: This review concludes that relatively unstudied, ontogenetic shifts in concentrations and types of defenses occur in marine species, and patterns of larval chemical defenses appear to provide insights into the evolution of complex life cycles and of differing modes of development among marine invertebrates.

TL;DR: It is suggested that pre-settlement factors may play an important role in determining reef-scale distribution patterns and no single settlement orientation provided a means to optimise survivorship through the course of these changes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that kelp-derived detritus represents a steady source of food for filter-feeders, upon which they can rely all year round, and that subtidal macrophyte production greatly influences the structure of intertidal rocky-shore communities on the west coast of South Africa.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used specific inhibitors of anion transport such as 4-acetamido, 4-4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide, ethoxyzolamide), H+-ATPase (N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide -DCCD), diethylstilbestrol -DES -, vanadate) or Ca2+ channels

TL;DR: The majority of marine benthic invertebrates exhibit a complex life cycle that includes separate planktonic larval, and bottom-dwelling juvenile and adult phases, and the challenge of formulating and evaluating a full life cycle model is achievable.

TL;DR: The effects of light intensity on stable isotope ratios, physiology and morphology of five seagrass species were investigated in an outdoor, light controlled experiment and the increase in size of lacunae may be related to the need to supply more oxygen to the increased root biomass occurring in seagRasses under high light conditions.

TL;DR: Results provide further evidence that MAA compounds are synthesized in response to high light conditions and that they do decrease the photoinhibitory effects of UVR.

TL;DR: Data from mitochondrial DNA variation in Pacific sea urchins shows that congeneric species are of recent origin, having diverged within the Pleistocene, and clines of mtDNA variation within species are similar to diversity clines in the entire fauna, suggesting that genetic differentiation and perhaps species formation can occur throughout the Indo-West Pacific.

TL;DR: Salinity in this experiment indicated that the drastic change of the Sr Ca ratios in otoliths of elvers was not due to the reduction of salinity in the coastal waters, but more likely to the development from leptocephalus to glass eel.

TL;DR: It appears that major types of marine ecotones differ sharply in the balance among major groups of decomposers (eumycotes, oomycote, and bacteria) with regard to their utilization of vascular-plant litter.

TL;DR: It is shown that early stage blue crabs receive a substantial growth advantage, in addition to the refuge function shown in other studies, from their association with seagrass beds, and may help explain the ontogenetic habitat shifts that characterize many life histories.

TL;DR: The results presented in this paper suggest that G. fascicularis microcolonies are able to take up bicarbonate to supply symbiont photosynthesis, although zooxanthellae in hospite seems DIC-limited.

TL;DR: The results suggested that copepods have highly sensitive and specific chemoreceptive and selective abilities, and that the effect of Zooplankton grazing on toxic dinoflagellate blooms will depend on the species composition of the grazing community.

TL;DR: In tidal saltmarshes in South Carolina hypoxic (low O2) and hypercapnic (high CO2) conditions occur frequently and there appears in general to be no specific effects on oxygen uptake of environmental fluctuations in CO2 over a wide range of Po2.

TL;DR: Ecologists can profit from the scale of environmental disturbances (as experiments) and have much more to offer to environmental managers than is often made available.

TL;DR: A broad approach is taken by examining differences between marine and terrestrial biodiversity in the context of the following: scale of sampling effort on which knowledge is based; the species concept as applied in the past to taxonomic studies on deep-sea benthic organisms; scaling differences and size related patterns in community structure and habitat complexity and differences in potential for co-evolution.

TL;DR: The role of food quality and quantity in the ingestion and absorption of food particles, as well as the influence of temperature, water circulation and other environmental variables on bivalve energy budgets and growth rate are considered.

TL;DR: The Benthic Boundary Layer, controlling the interactions of the reef with the open sea waters, was found to be more than 1 m thick and was characterized by a roughness height of 31 cm and a shear velocity of 0.42 cm s−1, which suggests that sedimentation at the lower segment of the BBL is contributing to the patchy structure of this reef.

TL;DR: In this paper, the diversity and abundance of intertidal organisms found on moderately exposed shores were compared between biologically generated complex and less complex habitats at four different spatial scales, and the average number of individuals associated with the barnacle matrix was significantly greater than that on surrounding rock.

TL;DR: It is suggested that ‘monami’ (mo = aquatic plant) is important in coastal hydrodynamics and has major implications for larval settlement and recruitment and has been shown to dramatically alter aerodynamical conditions within and above the grass canopy.

TL;DR: Feed processes of cockles appear well adapted to cope with elevations in particle concentration and simultaneous reductions in the food value of available seston that occur when resuspended bottom sediments constitute a significant fraction of particulate materials of the water column, and the organic content of resuspensible sediments may become the main determinant of food acquisition in cockles.

TL;DR: It is suggested that seed predation has the potential to be an important force governing the sexual reproductive success and propagation of eelgrass beds and that the degree of seed loss via predation may be related to predator and primary food abundances.

TL;DR: Comparisons of haplotype frequencies between samples from the East and the West North Atlantic corroborate previous studies which indicated that extensive mixing has taken place between these regions and is consistent with a hypothesis of no difference.

TL;DR: Results from Mornington and Queenscliff suggest that larvae do not recognize and/or respond to films from their local area, but that more heavily-filmed surfaces may be more attractive to settling larvae.

TL;DR: High levels of photosynthesis were resumed in T. antarctica, T. tumida, P. pseudodenticulata and P. inermis upon re-exposure to light at all times tested during a 3 month dark period and cellular chlorophyll a, carbon and nitrogen decreased at the beginning of thedark period and remained more or less stable suggestive of a low maintenance respiration.

TL;DR: It is argued that many species, which were formerly thought to be unstructured, are in fact subdivided into genetically discrete groups and that the combination of molecular assays of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and allozyme loci provides the best approach to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of these interacting populations.

TL;DR: A rational framework for ecotoxicology is developing, but its further advance is dependent upon better integration of ecotoxology with basic marine ecology and biology, and on recognition of pollutant-induced patterns in population responses.

TL;DR: In temperate zone lagoonal systems, the marsh-estuarine continuum hypothesis can provide a reasonable synthetic explanation of transport based on the level of ecosystem maturity within the system.

TL;DR: These highly mobile predators aggregate to exploit patches of high prey density in ephemerally favorable habitats, consequently the change in the risk of predation with increasing tidal height is less predictable in both time and space than that for slow moving, low-shore predators.

TL;DR: Using a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), it was possible to point out the occurrence of an atypical event that was responsible for the disruption of the seasonal cycle, which was a state of hypoxia known locally under the generic name of malaigue.