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Showing papers in "Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the AAFP-AAHA Feline Life Stage Guidelines were updated and extended by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine, which are an update and extension of AAFP and AAHA's Feline Clinical Medicine Guidelines published in 2010.
Abstract: The guidelines, authored by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine, are an update and extension of the AAFP-AAHA Feline Life Stage Guidelines published in 2010. The guidelines are published simultaneously in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (volume 23, issue 3, pages 211-233, DOI: 10.1177/1098612X21993657) and the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (volume 57, issue 2, pages 51-72, DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7189). A noteworthy change from the earlier guidelines is the division of the cat's lifespan into a five-stage grouping with four distinct age-related stages (kitten, young adult, mature adult, and senior) as well as an end-of-life stage, instead of the previous six. This simplified grouping is consistent with how pet owners generally perceive their cat's maturation and aging process, and provides a readily understood basis for an evolving, individualized, lifelong feline healthcare strategy. The guidelines include a comprehensive table on the components of a feline wellness visit that provides a framework for systematically implementing an individualized life stage approach to feline healthcare. Included are recommendations for managing the most critical health-related factors in relation to a cat's life stage. These recommendations are further explained in the following categories: behavior and environmental needs; elimination; life stage nutrition and weight management; oral health; parasite control; vaccination; zoonoses and human safety; and recommended diagnostics based on life stage. A discussion on overcoming barriers to veterinary visits by cat owners offers practical advice on one of the most challenging aspects of delivering regular feline healthcare.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for patients.
Abstract: Practical relevance:Blood and blood products are increasingly available for practitioners to use in the management of haematological conditions, and can be lifesaving and therapeutically useful for...

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The "2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines" as discussed by the authors were published by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine and serve as an update and extension of those published in 2009.
Abstract: The '2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines' are authored by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine and serve as an update and extension of those published in 2009. They emphasize the individual patient evaluation and the process of aging, with references to other feline practice guidelines for a more complete discussion of specific diseases. Focusing on each cat encourages and empowers the owner to become a part of the cat's care every step of the way. A comprehensive discussion during the physical examination and history taking allows for tailoring the approach to both the cat and the family involved in the care. Videos and analysis of serial historical measurements are brought into the assessment of each patient. These Guidelines introduce the emerging concept of frailty, with a description and methods of its incorporation into the senior cat assessment. Minimum database diagnostics are discussed, along with recommendations for additional investigative considerations. For example, blood pressure assessment is included as a minimum diagnostic procedure in both apparently healthy and ill cats. Cats age at a much faster rate than humans, so practical timelines for testing frequency are included and suggest an increased frequency of diagnostics with advancing age. The importance of nutrition, as well as senior cat nutritional needs and deficiencies, is considered. Pain is highlighted as its own syndrome, with an emphasis on consideration in every senior cat. The Task Force discusses anesthesia, along with strategies to allow aging cats to be safely anesthetized well into their senior years. The medical concept of quality of life is addressed with the latest information available in veterinary medicine. This includes end of life considerations like palliative and hospice care, as well as recommendations on the establishment of 'budgets of care', which greatly influence what can be done for the individual cat. Acknowledgement is given that each cat owner will be different in this regard; and establishing what is reasonable and practical for the individual owner is important. A discussion on euthanasia offers some recommendations to help the owner make a decision that reflects the best interests of the individual cat.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most common form of feline cardiomyopathy observed clinically and may affect up to approximately 15% of the domestic cat population, according to as mentioned in this paper, which is the most common type of cat HCM.
Abstract: Practical relevance:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of feline cardiomyopathy observed clinically and may affect up to approximately 15% of the domestic cat population, pri...

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel grading system applied to these common tumours produced significant differences in MST between cats with low, intermediate and high grade tumours, and in this small study, the histological grade of the tumour appears to be associated with survival time.
Abstract: Objectives The objectives of this study included utilising a large database from a diagnostic laboratory to identify any breed, sex or age predilections for cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and the most common anatomical locations. The second aim was to obtain clinical outcomes and to assess histological features of those tumours to identify any potentially useful prognostic indicators and propose a grading system. Methods Records from the laboratory were searched for feline submissions received from January 2012 to December 2013 diagnosed with STSs; the breed, age, sex and neuter status of the cat and anatomical location of the tumour were recorded. Clinical outcomes were acquired using a questionnaire to submitting practices, and histological features of tumours from patients with known outcomes were assessed. Results No sex, neuter status or breed predispositions were found. Most STSs arise in middle-aged and older cats, and the most common anatomical location was the trunk. Forty-seven cases had a known clinical outcome and archived tissues allowing for histological assessment of the tumour. Significant differences in median survival time (MST), mitotic index and histological score were detected between those cats that died of tumour-related disease and those that did not. A novel grading system applied to these tumours produced significant differences in MST between cats with low (MST = 900.5 days), intermediate (MST = 514 days) and high grade tumours (MST = 283 days). Conclusions and relevance This is the first study applying a histological grading system to these common tumours. Local recurrence is often the cause of a poor outcome, with metastatic disease apparently rare. The proposed grading system incorporates features that can be assessed on routine haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections; in this small study, the histological grade of the tumour appears to be associated with survival time.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No decline in renal excretory function was observed when meloxicam was administered to cats with CKD, but gastrointestinal adverse effects were observed, and cats that receivedmeloxicam had greater proteinuria at 6 months than cats that receive placebo.
Abstract: ObjectivesMeloxicam therapy may benefit cats with degenerative joint disease, and retrospective studies suggest it could slow kidney disease progression and increase survival This study aimed to p

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: U was the most common feline urethrostomy technique indicated for FIC, and quality of life post-urethrostomy, across all techniques, was graded as good by 93% of owners.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare indications, complications and mortality rates for perineal urethrostomy (PU), transpelvic urethrostomy (TPU) and prepubic urethrostomy (PPU).MethodsA...

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of the FGMS is relatively safe in cats, although there are potential complications that owners should be made aware of.
Abstract: ObjectivesGlucose monitoring is an integral part of diabetes management. Interstitial glucose monitoring systems are increasingly commonly being used for this purpose in dogs and cats, including th...

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The complication rate was higher and the MST shorter than previously reported in cats undergoing SUB placement, and owners that consider SUB placement should be informed that follow-up can be strenuous and expensive.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to document survival, complications and risk factors for the development of complications and mortality prior to discharge after placement of a subcutaneous uret...

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Amantadine significantly decreased activity, but improved owner-identified impaired mobility and owner-perceived quality of life in cats with osteoarthritis.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine if amantadine improves owner-identified mobility impairment and quality of life associated with osteoarthritis in cats.MethodsUsing a blinded, placeb...

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of orally delivered cannabis oils predominant in cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or b...
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of orally delivered cannabis oils predominant in cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or b...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, up to 40% of the domestic feline population is overweight or obese and obesity in cats leads to insulin resistance via multiple mechanisms, with each excess kilogram of body weight...
Abstract: Practical relevance:Up to 40% of the domestic feline population is overweight or obese. Obesity in cats leads to insulin resistance via multiple mechanisms, with each excess kilogram of body weight...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Owner separation coupled with physical examination location can result in clinically significant increases in perceived stress in cats, and compromise vital sign assessments, as measured by heart rate and FAS scores.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to quantify the effects of owner separation and physical examination location on fear, anxiety and stress (FAS) behavioral indicators in cats.MethodsThe st...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cats with increased left atrial size and higher concentrations of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide at baseline were more likely to experience an event, and Cats with a greater rate of enlargement of LA size between examinations were also more likely of experiencing an event.
Abstract: ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify indicators of the risk of progression of preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study following a population of ca...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The LOPH protocol was well tolerated by cats with lymphoma and persistent FeLV viremia, and resulted in a better MST than similar studies with other protocols.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish the safety and efficacy of a novel multidrug lomustine-based chemotherapeutic protocol for cats with high-grade multicentric or mediastinal lymphoma...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evaluating the frequency and investigate potential predisposing risk factors for the development of prednisolone-induced diabetes mellitus (PIDM) in cats found 12 out of 14 cats developed diabetes within 3 months of the initiation of therapy.
Abstract: ObjectivesPrednisolone is a commonly used drug in cats and potential adverse effects include hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency and investig...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that cat arterial thromboembolism (ATE), an often devastating outcome, affects 11.3% of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy over 10 years.
Abstract: ObjectivesFeline arterial thromboembolism (ATE), an often devastating outcome, was recently shown to affect 11.3% of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy over 10 years. Current American College of...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High procalcitonin levels in cats were associated with bacterial infection and could be a valuable marker for diagnosing bacterial infections in cats.
Abstract: ObjectivesAs bacterial infection can lead to sepsis and high mortality, early and easy diagnosis of sepsis can improve survival. In cats, the diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection is quite chal...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.
Abstract: ObjectivesWe compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits.MethodsIn this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chem...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the efficacy of the EMLA cream after a 30-min application time for jugular venepuncture in cats, together with significantly reduced stress for patients, which supports the routine use of E MLA cream as good practice to enhance the welfare of cats and to simplify venepunct procedures.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA cream; Astra Pharmaceuticals) in reducing pain and reaction to venepuncture during jugular blood sa...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cabergoline did not improve diabetic control or normalise insulin-like growth factor concentration, or improve patient quality of life.
Abstract: ObjectivesAn affordable and effective treatment is needed to manage feline hypersomatotropism. The aim of this study was to assess whether treatment with oral cabergoline for 90 days in cats with h...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These findings point to a long-term residual gait abnormality that could be detected using a pressure-sensitive plate but not always with an orthopaedic examination, in cats 1 year after FHO.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare ground reaction forces (GRFs) of a group of cats after femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) with those of a historical control group.MethodsWe ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Despite the overall poor prognosis, some cats survived >6 months, indicating that adjuvant treatment may be an option to consider in metastatic disease.
Abstract: ObjectivesAlthough feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are highly metastatic, the literature and treatment options pertaining to advanced tumours are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinic...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Clinical signs and diagnoses that can serve as prognostic indicators for underage kitten survival in a shelter/rescue setting are identified and can aid in enhancing protocols for monitoring, intervention and euthanasia decision-making.
Abstract: ObjectivesKittens have unique requirements for care in a shelter setting given their higher susceptibility to infectious disease and socialization needs. Significant time and resources are necessar...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first study to document the efficacy of a 50 µg/cat gonadorelin dose to induce ovulation in oestrous queens when administered IM on days 2–4 following the onset of oestrus.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of gonadorelin to induce ovulation in queens in oestrus.MethodsTwenty-seven queens presente...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats.
Abstract: ObjectivesAdrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal glan...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the clinicopathological findings, management and outcome of cats with refeeding syndrome (RS) following prolonged starvation, which is a type of cancer.
Abstract: ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological findings, management and outcome of cats with refeeding syndrome (RS) following prolonged starvation.MethodsRecords from four...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the perception of stress may influence cats' healthcare, and that visiting the veterinarian is generally perceived as a stressful situation for cats, which may affect their health.
Abstract: ObjectivesVisiting the veterinarian is generally perceived as a stressful situation for cats. Previous studies have shown that the perception of stress may influence cats’ healthcare. In order to m...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plasma and urinary F2-IsoPs are not interchangeable biomarkers in cats with stage 2 CKD, and placebo-controlled studies are indicated to evaluate dietary or pharmacologic doses of omega-3 fatty acids on redox stress and progression of renal dysfunction in Cats with stage 1 CKD.
Abstract: ObjectivesOxidative stress contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in humans and rodent models; F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) are established biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our primar...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Infrared thermography proved to be a sensitive and effective method for detection of temperature differences between malignant and benign skin and soft tissue tumors in cats.
Abstract: ObjectivesThis study set out to determine the average temperature of skin and soft tissue tumors in cats using infrared thermography and to investigate correlations between thermographic findings a...