Journal of Fire Sciences 

About: Journal of Fire Sciences is an academic journal published by SAGE Publishing. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Poison control & Fire retardant. It has an ISSN identifier of 0734-9041. Over the lifetime, 1158 publications have been published receiving 18280 citations.

A Review of Recent Progress in Phosphorus-based Flame Retardants

Abstract: Recent patent and technical works indicate a growing interest in halogen-free solutions with the predominance of the literature focusing on phosphorus-based flame retardants. Patents published on t...

Flame Retardants in Commercial Use or Development for Textiles

Abstract: Non-durable and semi-durable flame retardants based mostly on phosphate or phosphonate salts continue to be used on infrequently washed or disposable goods, and recent improvements have been made t...

Calculations of the Heat Release Rate by Oxygen Consumption for Various Applications

Abstract: The calculation of heat release rate by oxygen consumption is based on the assumption that all materials release approximately the same amount of heat per unit mass of oxygen consumed. This technique is now being employed to determine the heat release rate of materials in various heat release rate calorimeters. Other uses include the heat release rate of assemblies in the fire endurance furnaces and the total heat release rate in room fire tests. These different applications lead to different experimental procedures which require different formulas. The experimental choices or constraints include open or closed systems, paramagnetic or high temperature oxygen analyzers, CO analyzers or CO traps, and the use of a gas burner whose heat release rate must be deducted from the total. Various assumptions about CO levels in the exhaust duct and vitiation and humidity in the incoming air are made. General formulas for the heat release rate by oxygen consumption are developed in this paper from which the formulas for specific applications can easily be derived.

Fire-Protective and Flame-Retardant Coatings - A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract: This review covers mainly intumescent coatings, with briefer discussions of non-intumescent organic fire-resistive coatings and cementitious inorganic coatings. Emphasis is placed on the more recent developments, and the more recent patent literature is surveyed. Modeling and optimizing are covered both from basic and applied aspects. The chemistry of the production of a foamed char barrier is discussed. Enhancing the performance by adjuvants and choice of binders is shown to be possible. The important interactions of ammonium polyphosphate with other components such as titanium dioxide are described. Testing is briefly discussed, as are some shortcomings of present-day coatings, such as limited water resistance, and some opportunities for improvement.

A Review of Current Flame Retardant Systems for Epoxy Resins

Abstract: The review covers materials currently available or which appear to be in serious development, with emphasis on electrical laminates and encapsulation, and brief coverage of other applications. The dominant technology for FR-4 printed wiring boards uses tetrabromobisphenol-A reacted into the epoxy resin. Nonhalogen systems include additives such as alumina trihydrate, alumina trihydrate plus red phosphorus, and aromatic phosphates. Reactives include a dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene oxide and various adducts thereof, and hydroxyl-terminated oligomeric phosphorus-containing esters. A further approach is the modification of the epoxy resin by placement of aromatic groups between the glycidyloxyphenyl groups, and/or by use of a triazine-modified novolac as crosslinker. Flame retardant epoxy coatings continue to make use of ammonium polyphosphate plus char-forming additives.