Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1982"

TL;DR: The U.S. Department of Energy sponsored a series of nine field experiments (Burro series) conducted jointly in 1980 by the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, California, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to determine the transport and dispersion of vapor from spills of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on water as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: The predictions from three vapor dispersion models for cold dense gas releases are compared with the results from several 40 m3 LNG spill experiments conducted at China Lake, California, in 1980 as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that since the root mean square value of these fluctuations is not small compared with the mean, new methods should be developed which take explicit account of the fluctuations.

TL;DR: A review of field experiments which have been performed to study the dispersion of dense gases in the atmosphere is given in this paper, where the authors compare the performance of different field experiments by deriving and using parameters which indicate the effective scale of the various experiments, and the extent to which density effects influence their dispersion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed fifteen current mathematical models for the dispersion of accidental releases of heavy gases until they dilute with air to non-flammable or non-toxic concentrations.

TL;DR: In this paper, some of the simulation criteria, special instrumentation, and results of wind-tunnel investigations of dense plume behavior are discussed, which can be correlated in a manner that yields an empirical prediction of vapor dispersion from fullscale releases; nonetheless, certain facility and gas specific limitations must be recognized when interpreting an experimental program.

TL;DR: In this paper, three transport mechanisms, molecular diffusion, bio-gas convection, and barometric pressure pumping, are incorporated into a dynamic model that simulates the emission flux rate of chemicals, as a function of landfill and environmental variables.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of a continuing study to assess the capabilities and limitations of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system to detect and locate various subsurface anomalies was presented.

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the combination of factors determining the density of the mixture is highly dependent on the mode of containment and the details of the containment-failure; the physical properties of ammonia and meteorological variables also have an important influence.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of warning information transmitted to the threatened public had upon compliance with an evacuation order were assessed. And the authors assessed the effects that warning information had on human behavior in such a crisis situation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the dispersion of dense gases from the point of view of the information needs of such users of predictive models and the interfaces with other phases of the assessment are described in order to assist the discussion of information needs.

TL;DR: Several models have been proposed to describe heavy vapor clouds, often with nonexistent or very limited comparison with experimental data as mentioned in this paper, beyond those used to adjust or calibrate model parameters, and several of them have been compared with the same sets of experimental data.

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental and theoretical investigation was carried out to study the boiling and spreading of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) on water, in a one-dimensional configuration.

TL;DR: In this article, the importance of the problem of the dispersion of dense gas clouds, outlines the several causes of densities, and considers their behavior, and suggests the need for attention to specific nonstandard problems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used chemiluminescence NO/NOx analyzers to make real-time measurements of PETN decomposition products near storage temperatures near storage temperature.

TL;DR: 2-(5-Cyanotetrazolato) pentaamminecobalt (III) perchlorate (CP) is an inorganic secondary explosive that has been developed for applications involving as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the SIGMET model is used to predict the dispersion of vapor clouds from catastrophic LNG spills on water and compare it with other currently used dense gas models.

TL;DR: In this article, the usefulness of risk assessment in the analysis of hazards due to chemical process plant and similar installations is considered, and priorities for future improvements are identified; these include achieving a consensus regarding the prediction of consequences and probabilities, developing labour-saving analytical techniques, and testing the final results against the actual experience of accidents.

TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus for determining maximum experimental safe gap (MESG) of gases and vapours up to 130°C was described, particularly useful for liquids that vaporise only at elevated temperatures.

TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive study on the hazard characteristics of organic peroxides was made with a view towards identifying the type of tests that might be use to identify the relative hazards of the peroxide.

TL;DR: In this paper, the surface chemistry of Al/Cu 2 O thermite in powdered mixtures and in pressed pellets was studied before and after accelerated agings with x-ray ph The Al 2 O 3 film thickness was deduced from signal intensity ratios of Al +3 and Al in XPS of Al 2s and from Al K-LL X Stearic acid, the organic additive to Al powders, was detected by the C 1s signal.

TL;DR: The stability and compatibility of pyrotechnic compositions are often significantly affected by variables which may not be adequately controlled during as mentioned in this paper, which may result in the instability and compatibility degradation.

TL;DR: In this article, the problem of identifying and locating containers of hazardous materials located beneath the ground surface or under water can be solved by either surface detection or underwater detection, and the conclusions section gives recommendations as to where each method is most applicable, as well as a comparison of each method on the basis of cost.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss progress in the safe transport of chemical products against a background of significant changes in legislation, and discuss the need for adequate emergency response procedures is essential.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show how the molecular structure of a compound and the nature of the intermediates formed during its combustion can influence the Maximum Experimental Safe Gaps (MESGs).

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of aqueous foam to mitigate the vapor hazard of one water reactive chloride was investigated and the tests conducted were successful in markedly reducing the vapor hazards from the spill.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a structured review of the types of methodologies employed in estimating the contribution to risk of the different phases of a hazardous material incident, and then review the procedures available for the evaluation of the significance of the risks estimated, and of potential means for their mitigation.