Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1987"

TL;DR: The use of solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology to treat hazardous waste may become more important as regulations restrict the use of land for disposing of hazardous waste as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, two models have been developed to estimate the evaporation rate of volatile and non-volatile liquids resulting from ground spills, and experiments were described in which the variances of seven volatile chemicals were measured from pans under known meteorological conditions.

TL;DR: Several processes drawn from industrial water treatment have been considered for renovating landfill leachate: biodegradation, chemical and thermal degradation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, and coagulation/precipitation as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis is presented of 142 industrial incidents in batch reactors involving thermal-runaway chemical reactions of the type A + B → products (incidents involving thermal stability problems with single components are not included) occurring in the UK during the period 1962-1984 and brought to the attention of the Health and Safety Executive.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present and analyse various aspects of the leak of toxic gas from the Union Carbide Plant at Bhopal, India in December 1984, and the physicochemical properties of the deadly methyl isocyanate (MIC) and its biological activity, as well as the probable causes of the accident, are discussed.

TL;DR: FEM3 as discussed by the authors is a three-dimensional computer model that was designed for simulating the atmospheric dispersion of heavy gas releases, which has been shown to be useful in many applications.

TL;DR: An interactive computer model (DEGADIS) as mentioned in this paper uses a lumped parameter approach to simulate a wide variety of denser-than-air gas release scenarios, inc Predicted maximum concentration as a function of distance is compared to the maximum reported concentration for field scale releases of liquefied natur

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose guidelines for future fluid modeling expernnents of dense gas cloud dispersion, which bracket the safe regions in similitude parameter space for reliable model results.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe research to document the frequency and cause of evacuations associated with chemical accidents from 1980 through 1984, and a data base describing each accident was constructed from wire service accounts of the accidents.

TL;DR: In this paper, a number of fires and explosions occurring in New Hampshire that involved aluminum dust produced by grinding, polishing and buffing were investigated, and the hazards of collection of these dusts through ventilation systems, various standards and general methods used to control these risks were discussed.

TL;DR: The Heavy Gas Dispersion Trials at Thorney Island as mentioned in this paper consisted of field experiments on the dispersion of fixed-volume clouds, and the results showed that the heavy gas dispersion trials were successful.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model is presented which describes the behavior of an explosively produced blast wave propagating through aqueous foam, with specific attention to details of liquid water compressibility.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a box model HEGABOX to simulate gravity-dominated dispersion behavior after a sudden release of dense gas, which is used as a f

TL;DR: There are a number of in situ techniques that can be used to cleanse the ground water and at least partially restore the aquifer as discussed by the authors, however, these methods require a thorough investigation of the hydrogeology and contamination problems of the site.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of the MERCURE-GAZ LOURDS for simulating Thorney Island field trials (Ph.1) is described. But this work is concerned with the use only of the three dimensional numerical model.

TL;DR: In this paper, data from twenty six dense gas field experiments are compared with physical model simulations, and in general the model clouds are very similar in appearance to the real gas field data.

TL;DR: In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical program has been developed for simulation of heavy gas dispersion in a k-ϵ model with standard constants, and the model has been used to simulate the dispersion of heavy gases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ignition temperature in the air atmosphere at the separating line between an explosion and no explosion in a dust cloud was investigated for mixtures of fine and coarse dusts of the same material.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the five major chlorinated solvents, a class of interrelated chemicals that is currently under regulatory scrutiny for a variety of reasons, and present historical production data and describes the largest end uses-metal cleaning and dry cleaning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the estimation of the societal risk from a major hazard necessitates the determination of the density of the population around the site and other information required on the population including the proportion present at different times of day, the proportion more vulnerable to the hazard and the proportion outdoors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the information available on the lethal toxicity of chlorine to animals and man has been reviewed and a model for the lethal toxicit has been proposed for the toxicity of the chemical.

TL;DR: The treatment and destruction of organic hazardous waste streams through use of incinerators and other thermal processes is and will continue to be an important waste management option in the U.S., Canada, and other industrial countries as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) in the chemical industry and the current use of the results by the industry and regulatory agencies are examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the sensitivity of different techniques, employing five commercially available instruments and common “in-house” methods in detecting the initial exotherm of the samples under typical test conditions has been obtained.

TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic integral model is described that includes a time dependent radial momentum budget and a turbulent kinetic energy budget. But the model is based on a time-dependent radial momentum model.

TL;DR: In this paper, an integral model for the behavior of an instantaneously released heavy gas cloud in calm conditions, or sufficiently close to the source that the turbulent energy in the cloud is a dynamic variable which determines the entrainment rate.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of sampling approaches suitable for investigating emissions from hazardous waste sites is presented, the applicable equation presented, and the approach discussed in terms of its utility for emissions investigations.

TL;DR: In this article, the data obtained from the Thorney Island trials has already been put to good use in model validation and development, and the authors propose a method to use this data for model evaluation and development.

TL;DR: In this article, the speed of a toxic or flammable heavy gas cloud is determined by an equation of motion for translation of the cloud to determine its hazardous effect, and an equation for translation is proposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Lognormal distribution is well able to describe the between-replicated behavior of the maximum concen in the dispersion process, and it is shown that the LNO is well suited for the distributional properties of the distribution of atmospheric dispersion.