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Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1988"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A static headspace method, Equilibrium Partitioning in Closed Systems (EPICS), was used to measure Henry's Law constant, and the batch air stripping method was used as a check.

234 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A TNO team went to Mexico shortly afterwards to conduct an investigation and draws some preliminary conclusions about the LPG installation disaster in Mexico City, which resulted in the deaths of over 500 people.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of three fire tests (tank surrounding fuel oil fire) with unprotected 4.85 m 3 LPG storage vessels and two fire tests with tanks of the same type which had been equipped with a fire protection insulation.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experiments have been conducted on the behaviour of a 5 tonne horizontal cylindrical LPG tank engulfed in kerosene pool fires and extensive measurements were made of the fire characteristics, external and internal tank metal temperatures and the wall heat fluxes.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a numerical model for LPG tanks engulfed in flames, which uses a lumped approach for the lading with two major control volumes linked by the evaporation of a stratified interface.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider general modelling and experimental requirements before discussing the problems associated with losses from containment of pressurised liquefied gases and present computer models for assessing the consequences of fire on LPG type storage vessels together with the experimental data currently available for model validation purposes.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The equilibrium adsorption of Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) onto soils, such as occurring in surface soils, landfills and landfarms, is reviewed in this paper.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simple computer codes have been developed at the Safety and Reliability Directorate to model the thermal and pressure response of LPG tanks involved in fire engulfment accidents, including jet flame impingement.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A predictive model of the behaviour of horizontal pressurised LPG vessels engulfed by fire is described in this article, where complete fire engulfment is treated with a heat flux distribution that is both variable in the vertical direction and time dependent Heat flow through the tank walls, convective and radiative exchange to the fluid and heat and mass transfer between the liquid and vapour are incorporated

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
A. M. Birk1
TL;DR: In this article, a computer model was developed which can simulate the response of a tanker and its lading to external fire impingement, and the model was validated by comparing its predictions with the results of numerous fire tests involving full and fifth-scale rail tank-cars exposed to engulfing fires.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, chemical principles governing the nickel removal processes are presented and experimental results on nickel removals from eight nickel chloride-organic acid solutions, six typical sodium hypophosphite-reduced EN baths, and three actual spent EN baths are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of five VOCs (benzene, dichloropropane, methylcyclohexane, ethyl ether and methanol) on four types of soils of moisture contents less than 2% at 30°C were reported.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of risk management by the Dutch government in their external safety policy is described, which comprises the following aspects: risk identification, risk quantification, risk assessment, risk reduction and risk control.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the basic nature of the transport and dispersion of a dense gas plume in the simulated neutral atmospheric boundary layer of a wind tunnel was investigated, both in flat terrain and over a ramp.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of flame and pressure development of nonhomogeneous methane clouds has been performed in a large scale obstructed tube of diameters, and the results showed that the gas can be transformed into non-homogeneous gas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The estimated LC-01 values seemed to correspond with the onset of irreversible lung damage, and the breathing pattern and the minute volume in rats and mice changed during exposure.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the current state of development of Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) methods which will be used by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for the risk assessment of installations where LPG is stored in bulk vessels above ground.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of large pool fires has provided temperature and heat flux data for a large, thermally massive object, where tower temperatures were obtained at 4 elevations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical and physical properties of PCBs, their biological disposition, and their reported toxicologic effects including carcinogenic effects were discussed, and it was concluded that there are significant adverse effects when administered to animals under laboratory conditions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of jet fires were estimated for quiescent and windy conditions, and the relationship between thermal radiation from fireballs both at ground-level and in a rising, dynamic system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the methods of protecting LP-gas storage containers are discussed, and a number of typical losses are outlined, such as unconfined vapor cloud explosions, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions, confined explosions and fires.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of solids loading on the ballistic and mechanical properties of polybutadiene composite polymers was investigated and the authors reported the results of the effects of the solids load on the composite properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method which uses available qualitative and quantitative data on physical and chemical properties, toxicity, and usage was devised to rank the ecological hazard of compounds using a decision key and a risk rank matrix which can initially use qualitative data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of fire tests using liquid propane as fuel on commercial 4.85 m3 LPG storage vessels protected alternatively by two types of water spraying systems (WSS).

Journal ArticleDOI
B. Bowonder1, T. Miyake1
TL;DR: A brief description of the Bhopal plant and how the accident occurred has been presented in this article, using a framework developed for assessment of technology, which is used in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, various vapor-transport mechanisms that give rise to the chemical flux rates through soil cover layers are reviewed and compared by simulating results on benzene and Aroclor 1248 volatilization from a landfill cover.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, eleven emerging alternative treatments for polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated sediments have been compared and ranked using technical performance, status of development, test and evaluation data needs, and cost as factors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the LPG-1 model is used to estimate the extent to which pre-speclified levels of shockwave and heat radiation damage will be reached and the radius within which direct flame exposure will be experienced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized both natural and man-made radioactivity in the marine environment and concluded that the primary source of natural radiation in the sediment results from deposition of insoluble thorium isotopes formed by the decay of water-soluble uranium.