Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1990"

TL;DR: In this paper, the chemistry of binding and the mechanisms of leaching of hazardous substances, particularly priority (heavy) metal pollutants, in cementitious stabilization/solidification systems are discussed in terms of their bulk and surface states.

TL;DR: In this paper, various combinations of Type I portland cement (OPC), Type F fly-ash, blast furnace slag, lime, and silica fume have been used to treat the contaminated soils, which are then leached using a slightly modified EP Tox1 leaching procedure.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple model was modified to describe the effect of inward diffusion of acetic acid from the leaching solution, but the model did not incorporate changes in the acid concentration over time as pH rises.

TL;DR: The stabilization/solidification (S/S) of hazardous wastes involves a series of chemical treatment procedures The wastes are normally treated to chemical compounds and are then used for processing as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, ground blast furnace slag is added to the grout to reduce the leachability of technetium by several orders of magnitude, and the selective effect of slag was believed to be due to its ability to reduce Tc (VII) to the less soluble Tc(IV) species.

TL;DR: A brief overview of chemical explosives history, from primitive Chinese bamboo rockets to the 17th century introduction of black powder in mining to the powerful and economical blasting agents which now support the mining and construction industries is provided in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, the development to date of Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology and its future direction which is strongly influenced by industry needs and/or government regulations are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, two sets of experiments have been performed to study the initiation of a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) in a one litre tank while the pressure at the end of the tank was recorded.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of a thermosetting polyester polymer to solidify/stabilize phenol, a primary constituent in many organic hazardous wastes and with a very low allowable level in drinking water, was investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model was developed to study the behavior of LPG tanks when subjected to fire conditions, which consists of a number of field and zone sub-models which are used to simulate the various physical phenomena taking place during the tank engulfment period.

TL;DR: In this paper, an unsteady diffusion with fast chemical reaction model was used to predict acid penetration in pozzolanic-based paste, and the model showed that the acid penetration is controlled by free hydrogen ions available in the leachant.

TL;DR: In this paper, four box models for instantaneous hazardous gas releases have been evaluated with data from the Burro field scale tests and also laboratory scale experiments performed at the University of Arkansas.

TL;DR: In this article, a prototype computer program has been developed which is capable of simulating some of the consequences of a train derailment accident, including flammable liquid spills, fire effects on remote targets, fire impingement on tank cars carrying dangerous commodities, explosion blast over-pressure and thermal radiation, and heavy plume and puff dispersion.

TL;DR: In this article, a research project has been sponsored by the Gulf Coast Hazardous Waste Substance Research Center to develop latex modified cement systems to treat inorganic and organic wastes, which has shown very encouragmg results.

TL;DR: During toxic vapor cloud emergencies, responders faced with the need to take a protective action have the option of calling for in-place protection (al. as mentioned in this paper ) but this is not always an option.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used wind tunnel experiments to determine how rapidly dense gas trapped in a topographic depression could be removed by an entraining crosswind by assuming that the two-dimensional outflow volume flux, ν o, was assumed equal to the inflow rate during 92 steady-state experiments with CO 2 continuously supplied into the bottom of 2D, V-shaped valleys.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new numerical code is presented for the prediction of pressure and temperature histories in pressure vessels due to accidental internal heat production (exothermic reactions) or external heat addition (fire).

TL;DR: In this article, a theory was described for predicting evaporation rates from plane liquid surfaces, or heat transfer rates from a region of uniform temperature rise in a smooth or rough plane surface, into a neutral turbulent boundary layer.

TL;DR: In this paper, the major vibrational bands of the carbonate, sulfate, silicate, water, and nitrate species are tabulated and discussed in comparison to uncontaminated cement.

TL;DR: DERACS as discussed by the authors is a computer program developed to simulate some of the consequences of train derailment accidents involving fires and accidental releases of dangerous commodities, such as coal fires and dangerous commodities.

TL;DR: The solidification/stabilization (S/S) of a waste can be compared with the production of concrete, where a waste containing material such as water, dissolved inorganic metal salts, or organic compounds is mixed with some form of binder to form a stable material with reduced leachability of the contaminants.

TL;DR: In this article, a single box, a single-node slip-flow and an empirical model were used to compare and derive simple mathematical models to describe the time varying release rate of pressurised liquid petroleum gas (LPG) from a ruptured pipeline.

TL;DR: In this article, the physico-chemical evidence that distinguishes a binder that chemically bonds with the waste from one that simply adsorbs on the surface is presented, and the practicality of vitrification and the quick lime solidification is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established the flammability limits in air of methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene and propylene for upward flame propagation under isothermal initial conditions at low temperatures up to −60°C.

TL;DR: The authors examined the 1986 and 1987 data for gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) truck spills that occurred en route, with the objective of calibrating the accident and release submodels for use in a transportation risk model that was developed previously for Transport Canada.

TL;DR: A review of national, state, and local sources identified 89 different nonradioactive chemical releases resulting in public health impact in Louisiana as discussed by the authors, which is the most of any state in the US.

TL;DR: This paper examines the problems involved in specifying the population response to acute exposure to chlorine, and the difficulty of selecting suitable reference exposures for risk assessment and related purposes, and reports results of experimental investigations of the response of a common weed species to controlled exposures to chlorine gas.