Showing papers in "Journal of Hazardous Materials in 1992"

TL;DR: The authors reviewed the literature on the three main functions of risk communication: message recognition, inducement of attitude and behavioral changes, and resolution of riskrelated conflicts, and discussed the structure of the communication process from a descriptive and a normative point of view, and drew on studies about risk perception and communication to develop some guidelines for successful risk communication.

TL;DR: The MODAR Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) process as discussed by the authors was developed by MODAR, Inc. to achieve high destruction efficiencies of hazardous organic constituents in excess of 99.99% in a single step.

TL;DR: The Benchmark Exercise on Major Hazards Analysis (BEHA) as mentioned in this paper was a benchmark project aimed at assessing the state of the art of chemical risk analysis and the associated uncertainties.

TL;DR: In this article, the characterization of leaching effects on portland cement doped with lead and zinc has been carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrograms (SEM/EDS).

TL;DR: The characterization of chromium-doped ordinary portland cement (Cr-OPC) before and after leaching has been carried out using Fourier transform infrare as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, an improved correlation, non-linear exponential type, was proposed for the estimation of flash points of organic compounds and petroleum fractions as a function of their boiling temperature, tested with 1221 compounds and found to predict the flash points with less than 1% average absolute error, over a wide range of normal boiling temperature.

TL;DR: In this paper, the FEM3A model was applied to simulate the vapor dispersion of four large-scale LNG vapor barrier field experiments and a comparison was made with relevant field data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss performance limitations and containment removal optimization of soil venting technology when remediating a VOC contaminated site. But they do not consider the significance of the placement of extraction and observation wells as related to site characterization, field tests and actual remediation projects.

TL;DR: A short history of the practice of plastics recycling as practiced in the United States and Europe for the past ten years indicates that much progress has been made in educating the public sector about the environmental damage done by the indiscriminating disposal of plastic items and potential opportunities to recycle them as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results from pilot scale field studies that evaluated enhanced in situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents were discussed, and a stimulus-response methodology for performing controlled field experiments was exemplified.

TL;DR: In this paper, a statistical experimental matrix corresponding to a Box-Behnken fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the leachates of three types of portland cements: ordinary portland cement (OPC), sulphate-resistant portland concrete (SRPC), and an alumina cement (AC).

TL;DR: The Danish Product Register Data Base (PROBAS) as mentioned in this paper is a data base for chemical products, which contains information on about 53,300 chemical products from the Danish National Institute of Occupational Health.

TL;DR: The selection of an emergency planning zone (EPZ) for hazardous materials is often a difficult technical as well as a political task as discussed by the authors, and the selection of the EPZ is a complex problem.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the paints and coatings industry and those pollution prevention methods that are being applied to meet environmental and economic pressures, including new formulations which meet environmental regulations, higher performance finishes with improved properties, continued development of solventless technologies such as powder coatings, and new application methods with improved transfer efficiencies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the experience learned from PRAs for nuclear power plants and discuss issues related to PRA methodology that are still under development, and some comments are made on the possibility of use of PRA in the chemical industry.

TL;DR: A minireview of subsurface microbial ecology as it relates to ground water contamination and remediation is presented in this article, where microbial numbers and activity are higher in sandy transmissive sediments than in those with high clay content and low transmissivity.

TL;DR: In 1991, the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) Working Party on Loss Prevention (LP) in the Process Industries, of which the authors are all members, was initiated as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, two column tests were conducted using aquifer material to simulate the nitrate field demonstration project carried out earlier at Traverse City, Michigan, to better define the effect nitrate addition had on biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes in the field study, and to determine whether BTEX removal can be enhanced by supplying a limited amount of oxygen as a supplemental electron acceptor.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of pore structure of solidified materials during leaching was evaluated and it was found that pore structures varied depending upon the wastes used and the solidification mix formulations tested.

TL;DR: The effect of sodium sulfate on the solidification/stabilization of a large quantity of a synthetic electroplating sludge in cementitious binders was investigated in this paper.

TL;DR: The results of the initial phase of research provided several important insights into the mechanisms of contaminant release and migration at EBOS Site 24, including the shape of the groundwater contaminant plume, which was dominated by longitudinal advection with little contribution from transverse or vertical dispersion as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on waste minimization practices in the refining segment of the petroleum industry, and focus on different types of wastes because of the variation of the processes used in each area.

TL;DR: An overview of biodegradation as a remediation technology for contaminated ground water is presented in this article, where a discussion of design issues for the remediation process and a review of models applied to biodegradability in groundwater are included.

TL;DR: In this article, the mutagenicity in the emitted particulates was found to be significantly higher when the incineration temperature was controlled between 700 and 900°C, and the major PAHs in the particulates vary with operating conditions in the laboratory scale incinerator.

TL;DR: A short review of software tools developed for the documentation and calculation tasks of safety and reliability analysis, with the main emphasis on describing and evaluating the possibilities of knowledge engineering to support human reasoning in hazard identification and system modelling.