Showing papers in "Journal of Infection in 2019"

TL;DR: Antibiotics are frequently supplied without a prescription in many countries and this overuse of antibiotics could facilitate the development and spread of antibiotic resistance.

TL;DR: Antibiotics have profound and sometimes persisting effects on the intestinal microbiota, characterised by diminished abundance of beneficial commensals and increased abundance of potentially detrimental organisms.

TL;DR: Peripheral blood leucocyte ratios are useful infection biomarkers, with the most evidence related to diagnosis of bacteraemia and influenza virus infection and in critical illness due to sepsis, and NLR should be evaluated in future stratification models.

TL;DR: Current smokers have an increased risk of developing influenza compared to non-smokers, and the association was strongest in studies examining cases with laboratory confirmed influenza.

TL;DR: LA PJIs have a high failure rate and treatment strategies should be individualized according to patients' age, comorbidity, clinical presentation and microorganism causing the infection.

TL;DR: Pulmonary TB and anti-TB treatment caused a distinct dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, implying potential links between the Gut microbiota and TB.

TL;DR: It is suggested that NGS might lead to more rapid and accurate diagnosis with better clinical prognosis than conventional detection methods in severe pneumonia in ICU.

TL;DR: QFT-Plus is more sensitive compared to QFT-GIT for active-TB detection, mainly due to TB2 responses, as shown in the meta-analysis.

TL;DR: There was a notable pattern of synchrony of IAV, IBV and RSV incidence peaks globally, and within countries with multiple sampling sites (Canada, UK, Australia), despite significant distances between these sites.

TL;DR: BSI caused by MDR-AB represents a difficult challenge for physicians, considering the high rates of septic shock and mortality associated with this infection.

TL;DR: Fosfomycin appears to be the antibiotic with the most positive results from clinical studies, and may be able to avert HUS development, especially if administered within the first two or three days from diarrhoea onset.

TL;DR: Assessment of the global prevalence of multidrug-resistance among A. baumannii causing hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia and its mortality rate among regions and lack of data from many countries found large amounts of variation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a single-center retrospective study to investigate impact of mNGS on focal infection diagnosis and compared it with conventional methods, including culture, pathological examination, Xpert MTB/RIF, etc.

TL;DR: In this centre, rates of MRSA osteomyelitis have fallen by two thirds, over the past 10 years, in line with the reducing rate ofMRSA bacteraemia nationally, and resistance patterns support the use of a glycopeptide with an aminoglycoside in local antibiotic therapy.

TL;DR: Xpert Ultra has higher sensitivity but relatively reduced specificity compared with Xpert in diagnosis of paucibacillary TB, and performing Xpert Ultra would improve the definite diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculus meningitis.

TL;DR: 3 patients, all of whom could not withstand or declined bronchoscope, were diagnosed PCP through identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii sequencing reads in peripheral blood samples, suggesting metagenomics sequencing might be considered as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing PCP in future.

TL;DR: Data indicate that there is an epidemic spread of CRE in Vietnamese hospitals with rapid transmission to hospitalised patients.

TL;DR: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has potential as an all-in-one diagnostic test for infection and Viral, bacterial and parasite genomes can be detected rapidly.

TL;DR: The burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus is high in China, highlighting the potential value of vaccination, and the rapid shift of RVA strains highlights the importance of conducting rotav virus surveillance to ensure that currently marketed vaccines provide protective efficacy against the circulating strains.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the Chinese LPMs is a repository for ARGs, posing a high risk for ARG dissemination from food animals to humans under such a trade system, which has not been addressed before.

TL;DR: The lymphopenic ( l -CAP) immunophenotype is characterized by CD4+ depletion, a higher inflammatory response, and low IgG2 levels that correlated with greater severity at presentation and worse prognosis as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The results established that OST is a promising natural compound that could be used to extend the life ofpolymyxins and to tackle the inevitability of serious infections caused by polymyxin-resistant bacteria.

TL;DR: The results indicate that this newly emerged H7N9 virus caused similar disease severity in humans compared with LP-H7N 9 virus, while higher case fatality rate and prevalence of NAI-resistance in human HP-H 7N9 infections were of great concern.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that any Neisseria spp.

TL;DR: TAFC/creatinine index determination in urine showed promising results for diagnosis of IA offering the advantages of non-invasive sampling, and sensitivity and specificity were similar as reported for GM determination in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage.

TL;DR: DAIR is a viable surgical treatment for most patients with LA PJI, but implant removal should be considered in a subset of patients, especially in those with a CRIME80-score ≥3, as well as independent predictors for failure in the multivariate analysis.

TL;DR: PanAd3- RSV and MVA-RSV was safe and immunogenic in older adults and the parallel induction of RSV-specific humoral and cellular immunity merits further assessment in providing protection from severe disease.

TL;DR: Synovial fluid D-lactate showed similar performance to the leukocyte count for diagnosis of PJI, which is a useful biomarker for bacterial infection and requirement of low synovial fluids volume, short turnaround time and low cost.