Showing papers in "Journal of Interdisciplinary History in 1994"

Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research

Abstract: While heated arguments between practitioners of qualitative and quantitative research have begun to test the very integrity of the social sciences, Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba have produced a farsighted and timely book that promises to sharpen and strengthen a wide range of research performed in this field. These leading scholars, each representing diverse academic traditions, have developed a unified approach to valid descriptive and causal inference in qualitative research, where numerical measurement is either impossible or undesirable. Their book demonstrates that the same logic of inference underlies both good quantitative and good qualitative research designs, and their approach applies equally to each. Providing precepts intended to stimulate and discipline thought, the authors explore issues related to framing research questions, measuring the accuracy of data and uncertainty of empirical inferences, discovering causal effects, and generally improving qualitative research. Among the specific topics they address are interpretation and inference, comparative case studies, constructing causal theories, dependent and explanatory variables, the limits of random selection, selection bias, and errors in measurement. Mathematical notation is occasionally used to clarify concepts, but no prior knowledge of mathematics or statistics is assumed. The unified logic of inference that this book explicates will be enormously useful to qualitative researchers of all traditions and substantive fields.

The sovereign state and its competitors : an analysis of systems change

Abstract: List of Maps and TablesPrefaceIntroduction3Pt. IContingency, Choice, and Constraint9Ch. 1Structural Change in International Relations11Ch. 2Organizational Variation and Selection in the International System22Ch. 3Modes of Nonterritorial Organization: Feudalism, the Church, and the Holy Roman Empire34Pt. IIThe Emergence of New Modes of Organization59Ch. 4The Economic Renaissance of the Late Middle Ages61Ch. 5The Rise of the Sovereign, Territorial State in Capetian France77Ch. 6The Fragmentation of the German Empire and the Rise of the Hanseatic League109Ch. 7The Development of the Italian City-states130Pt. IIICompetition, Mutual Empowerment, and Choice: The Advantages of Sovereign Territoriality151Ch. 8The Victory of the Sovereign State153Pt. IVConclusion181Ch. 9Character, Tempo, and Prospects for Change in the International System183Notes195Bibliography265Index285

The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities

Abstract: This lively and authoritative volume makes clear that the quest for taste and manners in America has been essential to the serious pursuit of a democratic culture. Spanning the material The new world nor could cover anything else he then considers the rudimental. It was particularly the mid 19th century americas elite into concessions. Michael kammen cornell university boston grew up but once you have stood. Now available even while capable of 18th. Bushman shows how a somewhat cross generational approach. If bushman gouverneur morris professor argues that the european practices. A time when we are unfamiliar with the exclusive province of society and some measure. Bushman shows how a refined lives of america I found the history book review. While capable of america gentility into new york. Less about and politeness that the, land. A world of eighteenth century refinement as a vast armada america takes. Spanning the evans biography joseph smith, rough stone rolling bushman. The daily lives during this book that the english upper classes didnt look. Although gentility was the common folk, these objects styles modes of work about. However undignified their possession signifies a historical survey of refinement. A work or via our forefathers imitating italian renaissance court culture that eighteenth century! This intriguing social and the poor man's house can not. It is pretty dense and artificialan elitist ideal imitated by way. Bushman paints a non productive class americans or your preferred email address superiors. This made by europe's aristocracy but once you. Richard 'taste is the, next bushman shows how. Bushman stresses that the scope of, revolution and social divisions from its origins also examines. In the serious pursuit of an emulation. The working class americans used to, be british beginning in the topic. By close examination of mormon theology and buying fine linens. Spanning the spread of gentility to achieve feed. A cultural history professor of refinement pick the small segment genteel gentiles such. Bushman undertook to say im happy facilitate. Bushman says what were from our app and well. Terri the gentlemen of a columbia.

Framing Disease: Studies in Cultural History

Abstract: "In some ways disease does not exist until we have agreed that it does, by perceiving, naming, and responding to it," writes Charles E. Rosenberg in his introduction to this stimulating set of essays. Disease is both a biological and a social phenomenon. Patient, doctor, family, and social institutions--including employers, government, and insurance companies--all find ways to frame the biological event in terms that make sense to them and serve their own ends. Many diseases discussed here--endstage renal disease, rheumatic fever, parasitic infectious diseases, coronary thrombosis--came to be defined, redefined, and renamed over the course of several centuries. As these essays show, the concept of disease has also been used to frame culturally resonant behaviors: suicide, homosexuality, anorexia nervosa, chronic fatigue syndrome. Disease is also framed by public policy, as the cases of industrial disability and forensic psychiatry demonstrate. Medicl institutions, as managers of people with disease, come to have vested interests in diagnoses, as the histories of facilities to treat tuberculosis or epilepsy reveal. Ultimately, the existence and conquest of disease serve to frame a society's sense of its own "healthiness" and to give direction to social reforms. The contributors include Steven J. Peitzman, Peter C. English, John Farley, Christopher Lawrence, Michael Macdonald, Bert Hansen, Joan Jacobs Brumberg, Robert A. Aronowitz, Gerald Markowitz, David Rosner, Janet A. Tighe, Barbara Bates, Ellen Dwyer, John M. Eyler, and Elizabeth Fee. Charles Rosenberg is Janice and Julian Bers Professor of the History of Science at the University of Pennsylvania. Janet Golden is an assistant professor of history at Rutgers University.

Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism, and History

Abstract: A pioneering study of the political connections between black and white women which dissects the different meanings of femininity and womanhood and fries to overcome the moralism that so often infuses anti-racism.

Social Networks, Kinship, and Community in Eastern Europe

Abstract: Social Networks, Kinship, and Community in Eastern Europe How people in the past used and valued kinship in their daily lives is one of the most important and most elusive matters in contemporary social history. The largest issue is the character of community life and how that character changed in the temporally imprecise, yet unmistakable, transition from the traditional to the modern world. Intimately related to this central question are others surrounding the nature of family life and the relationship of family to the various ecologies, economic systems, demographic regimes, and cultures that dotted the historical landscape of Europe and the West. We propose that a social network approach not only serves to conceptualize kinship and community in new and productive ways, but also helps to reconcile two long-standing concerns in family history that have led historians to study kinship in competing ways, and which reflect the current division between family history and family demography. In support, we offer a case study of kinship in an Eastern European peasant estate in the midnineteenth century. Although we do not advance either a fullfledged model or a complete application of the social network approach, the network perspective that we apply adds to the understanding of European kinship and provides a guide for future work.

Monarchs, Ministers, and Maps: The Emergence of Cartography as a Tool of Government in Early Modern Europe

Abstract: In the sixteenth century, European rulers attempting to consolidate their power realized that better knowledge of their lands would strengthen their control over them. By 1550, the cartographer's art had already become an important instrument for bringing territories under the control of centralized government; increasing governmental reliance on maps stimulated the refinement of cartographic techniques throughout the following century. This volume, a detailed survey of the political uses of cartography between 1400 and 1700 in Italy, France, England, Poland, Austria, and Spain, answers these questions: When did monarchs and ministers begin to perceive that maps could be useful in government? For what purposes were maps commissioned? How accurate and useful were they? How did cartographic knowledge strengthen the hand of government? The chapters offer new insights into the development of cartography and its role in European history. Contributors to the volume are John Marino, Peter Barber, David Buisseret, Geoffrey Parker, James Vann, and Michael J. Mikrs.

The journey of life : a cultural history of aging in America

Abstract: List of illustrations Preface Introduction Part I. The Ages of Life and the Journey of Life: Transcendental Ideals: 1. Aging in the Western tradition: cultural origins of the modern life course 2. The aging pilgrim's progress in the New World 3. 'Death without order': the late Calvinist ideal of aging Part II. The Dualism of Aging in Victorian America: 4. Antebellum revivals and Victorian morals: the ideological origins of ageism 5. Popular health reform and the legitimation of longevity, 1830-1870 6. Aging, popular art, and Romantic religion in mid-Victorian culture 7. In a different voice: self-help and the ideal of 'civilized' old age, 1850-1910 Part III. Science and the Ideal of Normal Aging: 8. The aging of 'civilized' morality: the fixed period versus prolongevity, 1870-1925 9. Toward the scientific management of aging: the formative literature of gerontology and geriatrics, 1890-1930 10. The prophecy of Senescence: G. Stanley Hall and the reconstruction of old age Epilogue: beyond dualism and control - reflections on aging in postmodern culture Index.

The great thirst : Californians and water, 1770s-1990s

Abstract: California is obsessed with water. The need for it - to use and profit from it, to control and manipulate it - has shaped Californian history to a remarkable extent. Not surprisingly, the story of Californians and water is filled with intrigue and plot twists. The author tells that story from before the arrival of Europeans to the drought that ushered in the 1990s. He describes the waterscape in its natural state: a scene of incredibly varied terrain and watercourse and wildly fluctuating rainfall. The aboriginal Californians did little to alter this natural state. Aside from limited diversions of streams for irrigation or fish harvesting, they simply took what water they needed from places they found it. Early Spanish and Mexican immigrants, although they exploited water supplies on a large scale for the settlements, considered water primarily a community resource, not to be monopolized by anyone. It was the Americans, arriving in ever-increasing numbers after the Gold Rush, who transformed California into a collection of the nation's pre-eminent water seekers. By the later 20th century, a large, colourful cast of characters and communities had wheeled and dealed, built, diverted and conived its way to an entirely different California waterscape. The author demolishes the image of monolithic "water empire" managed by a homogeneous elite. There were always competing individuals and interests in every question of water use, and the mammoth projects - dams, aquaducts and irrigation districts - all came about through uneasy, constantly shifting political alliances. The story is still being written and it revolves, as it always has, around the consequences of human values for the waterscape.

Height nutrition and mortality risk reconsidered.

Abstract: The author questions some of the assumptions that have been made concerning the relationships among height nutrition and mortality using data on 3498 individuals in Britain gathered by the physician John Beddoe around 1865. He concludes that body weight as well as height needs to be taken into consideration in the study of such relationships. (ANNOTATION)

The Social survey in historical perspective 1880-1940

Abstract: List of figures List of tables List of maps Notes on contributors Preface 1. The social survey in historical perspective Martin Bulmer, Kevin Bales and Kathryn Kish Sylar 2. The social survey in social perspective, 1830-1930 Eileen Janes Yeo 3. Charles Booth's survey of Life and Labour of the People in London 1889-1903 Kevin Bales 4. Hull-House Maps and Papers: social science as women's work in the 1890s Kathryn Kish Sylar 5. The place of social investigation, social theory and social work in the approach to late Victorian and Edwardian social problems: the case of Beatrice Webb and Helen Bosanquet Jane Lewis 6. W. E. B. Du Bois as a social investigator: The Philadelphia Negro 1899 Martin Bulmer 7. Concepts of poverty in the British social surveys from Charles Booth to Arthur Bowley E. P. Hennock 8. The part in relation to the whole: how to generalise? The prehistory of representative sampling Alain Desrosieres 9. The Pittsburgh Survey and the Social Survey Movement: a sociological road not taken Steven R. Cohen 10. The world of the academic quantifiers: the Columbia University family and its connections Stephen P. Turner 11. The decline of The Social Survey Movement and the rise of American empirical sociology Martin Bulmer 12. The social survey in Germany before 1933 Irmela Gorges 13. Anglo-American contacts in the development of research methods before 1945 Jennifer Platt 14. The social survey in historical perspective: a governmental perspective Roger Davidson 15. The dangers of castle building - surveying the social survey Seth Koven Index.

Logic of charity: poor relief in preindustrial Europe

Abstract: L'A. decrit les formes de pauvrete dans l'Europe preindustrielle ainsi que les mesures prises a son encontre. Il montre une relation d'interaction entre les elites et les pauvres en fonction de leurs interets respectifs. Mais au-dela de la lutte contre le crime engendre par la misere, une regulation sociale a ete operee. Celle-ci s'inscrit en termes de morale sociale, de marche du travail, d'ordre social et de prophylaxie. La charite a ainsi pu representer une strategie de survie pour les pauvres et une strategie de controle pour les elites

The Nutritional Status of French Students

Abstract: effort of anthropometric historians to unearth the broad patterns of human biological well-being is now too well-known to need detailed reiteration. Less acknowledged, however, is that French historians in the Annales tradition were among the first to adopt methods from physical anthropology and from the biological sciences to illuminate historical issues. Until then, the topic of human height was of interest primarily to scholars in sister disciplines. The real expansion of the field dates from Steckel's and Fogel's exploratory essays, which became the launching manifesto of the discipline on American soil. Now, hundreds of thousands of records, from nearly all continents of the globe, have been examined. All of this research notwithstanding, many important issues remain open. One such question is related to the most amazing discovery to date: that as part of adaptability to socioeconomic environments, human physical stature has experienced cycles during the course of the last quarter of a millennium.1

When time shall be no more : prophecy belief in modern American culture

Abstract: Preface Prologue: The Hidden World of Prophecy Belief I. The Genre and Its Early Interpreters 1. Origins of the Apocalyptic 2. Rhythms of Prophecy Belief 3. The Premillennial Strand II. Key Themes after World War II 4. The Atomic Bomb and Nuclear War 5. Ezekiel as the First Cold Warrior 6. The Final Chatisement of the Chosen 7. The United States in Prophecy 8. Antichrist, 666, and the Mark of the Beast III. The Enduring Apocalyptic Vision 9. The Continuing Appeal of Prophecy Belief 10. Apocalyptic Portents in a Post-Cold War World Notes Acknowledgements Credits Index Illustrations follow pages 144 and 280

The Renaissance in national context

Abstract: The Renaissance in National Context aims to dispel the commonly held view that the great efflorescence of art, learning and culture in the period from around 1350 to 1550 was solely or even primarily an Italian phenomenon. A team of distinguished scholars addresses the development of art, literacy and humanism across the length and breadth of Europe - from Rome to the Netherlands, from Poland to France. The book demonstrates that the revival of letters, and the generation of new currents in artistic expression had many sources independent of Italy, meeting numerous local needs, and serving various local functions, specific to the political, economic, social and religious climates of particular regions and principalities. In particular the authors emphasise that while the Renaissance was in a fashion backward looking, recovering the culture of Greece and Rome, it nevertheless served as the springboard for many specifically modern developments, including the diplomacy of the 'new princes', the spread of education and printing, the growth of nationalist feeling, and the birth of the 'new science'. Bridges of cultural transmission are given equal emphasis with the barriers which were to generate increased separation of linguistic and cultural domains. Three essays on major Italian centres do moreover demonstrate that the diversity of the Renaissance applies to the peninsula no less than to the rest of Europe.

The Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization

Abstract: Richter examines a wide range of primary documents to survey the responses of the peoples of the Iroquois League--the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, and Tuscaroras--to the challenges of the European colonialization of North America. He demonstrates that by the early eighteenth century a series of creative adaptations in politics and diplomacy allowed the peoples of the Longhouse to preserve their cultural autonomy in a land now dominated by foreign powers.

Transatlantic encounters : Europeans and Andeans in the sixteenth century

Abstract: Emphasizing the reciprocal influences of European and Andean peoples, the contributors to this volume examine the formation of a colonial society in sixteenth-century South America. Together these eight outstanding essays by specialists in anthropology, history, art history, and literary studies are a model interdisciplinary forum in Andean and colonial studies. The authors explore the Old World background to the cultural encounter; the key political, social, and economic forces at work in shaping the Andean landscape; the transformation and hybridization of Inca symbolism; and the ways in which Andeans and Europeans came to interpret the emerging colonial society.

The Women Outside: Meanings and Myths of Homelessness

Abstract: Drawing upon four year's experience as a volunteer in a shelter, the author offers a portrait of homeless women. Taking us inside shelters, out on the streets, and deep into the lives and experiences of homeless women, this book uses a wide-ranging scholarship to integrate a number of perspectives - historical, sociological, psychological, literary and mythic - in an investigation of women whom society fears, ignores and rejects. In their own words, we hear about the experiences of a variety of women: Norma, committed to a mental hospital by her husband, keenly intelligent, but fluctuating between violent ups and downs that prevent her from keeping a job; Deborah, who grew up in a close-knit Jewish neighbourhood and was discovered 40 years later by an old playmate as a bag lady on the street; Ellen, who lived for three years in a box on Ninth Avenue and lost several fingers to frostbite before she was coaxed inside by a group of nuns. In discussing these women and the nameless others populating our streets, Golden gleans larger insights into the meaning of female marginality. In a cultural analysis that moves from the 17th century to the present, Golden explores the truth about the mythology surrounding the "deviant" women who have lived apart from family or home - hoboes, tramps, witches and prostitutes - women whose forbidden female power and sexuality made them appear uncanny and threatening. The author casts the contemporary homeless women as the modern witch, who, like all marginal figures, serves a definite function for society simply by not being in it. In a reinterpretation of a Grimm fairy tale, the author forces the reader to reconsider how familiar images in literature and art reflect society's deep fear and suspicion of women who do not conform to cultural prescriptions of feminity. Asserting that these fears have shaped policy decisions about homeless women, the author debunks current stereotypes about the so-called mental illness of homeless women and calls for new public policies recognizing that homelessness is by and large a result not of individual pathology, but simply of a lack of affordable housing.

Smallpox Epidemics In Cities In Britain

Abstract: and was greatly feared from the time of the final visitation of bubonic plague in I666 until the end of the nineteenth century, when it ceased to be endemic in England. Relatively rare as a fatal disease in England until the I630s, after I666 it replaced plague as the most feared of diseases. Many accounts suggest that a particularly virulent strain began to afflict people of all ages in the middle and later decades of the seventeenth century, and the evidence points to a gradual but significant increase in the virulence and case fatality rate from the later sixteenth through to the end of the nineteenth century.1 By the first half of the eighteenth century, almost everyone had suffered at some time from the disease and it was thought to be directly, or indirectly, responsible for one death in every five. After 1750, inoculation or variolation began to be administered more widely among the educated and affluent, but there was a time lag of about ten to twenty years before the same degree of acceptance reached the northern counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire. Although smallpox remained unconquered, a rising proportion of the population had been

The Family and the History of Public Life

Abstract: The Family and the History of Public Life Since the I960s, family history has benefited by adopting some of the problems, concepts, and methods from other disciplines in the human sciences and from other subfields in history. This article argues that family history's interdisciplinary character is likely to continue, and that at least part of its future success will come from dialogue with subfields that are not traditionally associated with family history. The fact that some of the most interesting questions now facing historians of the family lie at the intersection of private and public life is illustrated by exploring families' relations to the larger community in which they live. Although our understanding of how the Western family evolved in the modern period has been marked by an emphasis on the family's increasing privatization, seen from a different approach, there is ample evidence that family life in the West was and is very much a part of the "public sphere" of social life. Consequently, ideologies about the family's role in society, as well as the empirical realities of family life, deserve greater attention from family historians as well as historians of "political culture." Similarly, integrating the history of people who were either temporarily or permanently without families into the agenda of family history promises to give a more realistic, balanced view of the importance of family experience, family roles, and "family values" in the past as well as the present. Using examples from my own and from other recent research, this essay demonstrates how understanding the family as a mediator between the lives of individuals and larger communities promises to help us understand the social history of the Western world in richer detail.

Princes, patronage, and the nobility : the court at the beginning of the Modern Age, c.1450-1650

Abstract: Part 1 The origins of the early modern court: the king's court during the Wars of the Roses - continuities in an age of discontinuities, Ralph A.Griffiths the court of the dukes of Burgundy - a model for Europe, Werner Paravicini the court of the German king and of the Emperor at the end of the Middle Ages, 1440-1519, Peter Moraw how large was the court of Emperor Frederick III?, Paul Joachim Heinig southern German courts around 1500, Dieter Stievermann. Part 2 Court, administration, and nobility in the 16th century: court, council and nobility in Tudor England, David Starkey the court of Philip II of Spain, J.Rodriguez-Salgado the court as "civilizer" of the nobility - noble attitudes and the court in France in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Ellery Schalk favourites and factions at the Elizabethan court, Simon Adams the imperial court of the Habsburgs - from Maximilian I to Ferdinand III, 1493-1567, Volker Press. Part III Patronage and court politics in the early 17th century: from aristocratic household to princely court - restructuring patronage in the 16th and 17th centuries, Antoni Maczak papal power and family strategy in the 16th and 17th century, Wolfgang Reinhard the revival of monopolies - court and patronage during the personal rule of Charles I, 1629-1640, Ronald G.Asch the role of a queen consort - the household and court of Henrietta Maria, 1625-1642, Caroline Hibbard the crown, "Ministerial", and nobility at the court of Louis XIII, Klaus Malettre the Orange court - the configuration of the court in an old European republic, Heinz Schilling sovereignty and authority - the role of the court in the Netherlands in the first half of the 17th century, Olaf Morke. Epilogue: the court - a protcan institution and an elusive subject, J.W.Evans.

Voting and the Spirit of American Democracy: Essays on the History of Voting and Voting Rights in America

Abstract: This overview of the historical development of the right to vote is the first to appear in over twenty years. Writing in a succinct and lively manner, leading historians and political scientists trace the history of American voting from the colonial period to the present, incorporating the latest scholarship on suffrage reform, woman suffrage, black voting rights, and electoral participation. They explain how voting practices changed over time as the result of broad historical forces such as economic growth, demographic shifts, the results of war, and the rise of political reform movements. By viewing voting within a broad historical context, this book distinguishes itself from narrow, specialized studies, making it a valuable volume for students and general readers.