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Showing papers in "Journal of International Business Studies in 1974"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors profile export decision-makers in both exporting and nonexporting firms, in terms of their perceptions of the risks and cost/benefit trade-offs associated with exporting, and their reactions to various types of stimuli to export.
Abstract: This study profiles export decision-makers in both exporting and nonexporting firms, in terms of their perceptions of the risks and cost/benefit trade-offs associated with exporting, and their reactions to various types of stimuli to export. It concludes an export stimulus (e.g., an unsolicited order from a foreign customer) is a significant but not sufficient condition for a positive export decision, and that important variations between exporters and nonexporters in cost, profit, and risk perceptions may well account for different responses to similar stimuli by these two groups. Present public policies to promote exports are critiqued in light of the findings.

273 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experience of expatriate selection and assignment has been a mixed success for multinational firms as discussed by the authors, but failure situations in individual assignment cases are known to be in nearly every multinational firm.
Abstract: The experience of expatriate selection and assignment has been a mixed success for multinational firms. Several selection strategies have been used, but failure situations in individual assignment cases are known to be in nearly every multinational firm. New research has indicated that the problem of insuring success for an expatriate is quite different from the problem of avoiding failure. A different set of factors is critical to each of these two problems. When this distinction is made, the variables related to the expatriate selection and assignment problem are considerably more ordered and operable.

126 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of an exploratory study comparing U.S. and Japanese consumers' perceptions of various foreign and national "made in" product images.
Abstract: This article reports the results of an exploratory study comparing U.S. and Japanese consumers' perceptions of various foreign and national “made in” product images. “Made in” profiles of products originating in England, France, Germany, U.S.A., and Japan were constructed using semantic differential responses from U.S. and Japanese consumers. Profile differences are analyzed statistically and implications discussed.

114 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors used a discriminant analysis to test the hypothesis that the presence of such instability combined with a high level of foreign (American) investments will result in a high propensity to expropriate.
Abstract: Theories from several disciplines are integrated into a general model for the prediction of a national propensity to expropriate foreign private direct investments in less-developed host countries. A discriminant analysis is used to test the hypothesis that the presence of such instability combined with a high level of foreign (American) investments will result in a high propensity to expropriate. The model is tested empirically on Latin American data from the 1968–71 period, and the main hypothesis confirmed.

45 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine European financial reporting in relation to the emergent Eurobond Market and find that there is a competitive value to voluntary corporate disclosure. But they do not discuss the impact of such disclosure on the Eurobund market.
Abstract: This article examines European financial reporting in relation to the emergent Eurobond Market. Contrary to popular belief, there apparently is a competitive value to voluntary corporate disclosure.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present some preliminary findings of the most recent, major research investigation of foreign direct investments in U.S. manufacturing, mining and petroleum sectors, and points out some problems encountered in conducting research in this area.
Abstract: Foreign direct investments in the United States have become a highly controversial topic, particularly in the past year. This article presents some preliminary findings of the most recent, major research investigation of foreign direct investments in U.S. manufacturing, mining and petroleum sectors, and points out some problems encountered in conducting research in this area.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A brief review of the past research dealing with the feasibility of standardizing advertising on a multinational basis can be found in this paper, where an analytic framework for dealing with this major problem is presented.
Abstract: This paper provides a brief review of the past research dealing with the feasibility of standardizing advertising on a multinational basis It offers an analytic framework for dealing with this major problem which incorporates the use of current attitude measurement techniques available to the advertising manager

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of an empirical study which tended to disprove the hypothesis that foreign-owned subsidiaries are less export oriented than domestically-owned firms, and they conclude that "foreign-owned companies tend to be less export-oriented than domestic companies".
Abstract: This article reports the results of an empirical study which tended to disprove the hypothesis that foreign-owned subsidiaries are less export oriented than domestically-owned firms.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that managers with United States international companies perceive that they are effectively excluded from the so-called better jobs and that United States nationals generally receive better treatment and opportunity, especially when cross-national transfers may be involved.
Abstract: Foreign managers with United States international companies perceive that they are effectively excluded from the so-called better jobs and that United States nationals generally receive better treatment and opportunity, especially when cross-national transfers may be involved. This could in the future affect the ability to attract qualified local managers abroad.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The fifteenth anniversary of the founding of our association is a fitting moment to record its early days as discussed by the authors. And there is a practical reason for setting down this record now, as it is sensible to pull the pieces together now before they fade yet further beyond the point of recall.
Abstract: The fifteenth anniversary of the founding of our association is a fitting moment to record its early days. And there is a practical reason for setting down this record now. Much of the history has been stored only in the memories of those of us who were part of the founding process. So it is sensible to pull the pieces together now before they fade yet further beyond the point of recall.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that the profile of the subsidiary managers differs substantially from that in the local companies, and that U.S. firms operating abroad must hire managers largely from the same labor force as host country companies.
Abstract: Although U.S. firms operating abroad must hire managers largely from the same labor force as host country companies, this study indicates that the profile of the subsidiary managers differs substantially from that in the local companies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a variance analysis in the budgeting process is used to evaluate the performance of the foreign subsidiaries of a U.S. company and to account for the changes in corporate evaluation and control procedures.
Abstract: Price-level and exchange-rate changes compound the problems of evaluating the performance of the foreign subsidiaries of a U.S. company. If the parent firm is to evaluate subsidiary performance properly, it must recognize and account for these changes in corporate evaluation and control procedures. This can be accomplished best through a variance analysis in the budgeting process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two interview surveys of private firms were conducted to examine common practices with respect to terms of transfers including market restrictions, tying of purchases, and pricing, and identified balance of payments costs are reviewed.
Abstract: Identifiable balance of payments costs are reviewed. In addition, two interview surveys of private firms were conducted to examine common practices with respect to terms of transfers including market restrictions, tying of purchases, and pricing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the growth rates of Swedish multinational corporations and investigated the extent to which this can be explained by differences in multinationality and technology-intensity, size, and profitability.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the growth rates of Swedish multinational corporations. An attempt was made to answer the question of whether the MNCs have grown faster than has the Swedish manufacturing industry and, if so, to investigate the extent to which this can be explained by differences in multinationality. In order to separate the effect of that factor, technology-intensity, size, and profitability were included in the model; according to theory, these factors are correlated with multinationality and possibly with rates of growth.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors point out the aspects of leasing which are unique in the international environment and conclude that those unique features may make international leasing more attractive than domestic leasing, and they conclude that international leasing may be more suitable for small businesses.
Abstract: This note points out the aspects of leasing which are unique in the international environment and concludes that those unique features may make international leasing more attractive than domestic leasing.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a catalog of the limitations of existing comparisons of the cost of living is presented, and the authors analyze the major problems of estimation and interpretation, including the determination of patterns of consumption and setting weights and prices; making monetary and fiscal adjustments; and finally, accounting for international differences in the standard of living.
Abstract: At a time when increasing attention is being paid to the international Comparison of the cost of living, this article begins with a catalog of the limitations of existing comparisons. The authors then analyze the major problems of estimation and interpretation. These problems include the determination of patterns of consumption and setting weights and prices; making monetary and fiscal adjustments; and, finally, accounting for international differences in the standard of living.