Showing papers in "Journal of Isfahan Medical School in 2007"

Seroepidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever among Slaughters and Butchers in Isfahan

Abstract: Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a viral zoonotic infection that, formerly several cases has been reported in Iran. During recent years some outbreaks has been reported in different parts of country including Isfahan. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CCHF according to finding of IgG among butchers and slaughters of Isfahan province. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted as a joint research with Arbovirus Laboratory in Pasteur Institute, IgG antibody against CCHF was assessed among 80 individuals. The study was conducted as a joint research with Arbovirus laboratory in Pasteur Institute of Iran on 2004. Findings: Overall, 4 (5%) persons were seropositive and 2 cases had borderline results. There was no statistically significant difference between butchers & slaughters. Positive cases were detected mainly in the Isfahan slaughterhouse. Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that although CCHF is endemic among domestic animals in Isfahan province, but seropositivity in high risk groups, e.g. butchers and slaughters is not so high. More serious measures should be considered for prevention of CCHF in high risk groups. Key words: CCHF, butcher, slaughter, serology, isfahan

Study of p53 polymorphism at codon 72 in patients of breast cancer in Isfahan

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The p53 tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in genomic stability. A common G-to-C polymorphism at codon 72 in the p53 gene has been accompanied with high risk of lung, nasopharyngeal, oral, prostate, and colorectal cancers, and may result in genetic susceptibility to breast cancer. We studied the effect of this p53 polymorphism on breast invasive ductal carcinoma development METHODS: This case–control study was conducted among 51 patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma and 51 matched controls in Isfahan. P53 codon 72 genotypes were identified using allele-specific polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). FINDINGS: In control samples, the genotype distribution of p53 polymorphism showed 43.2%, 52.9% and 3.9% for the Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes, respectively. In cancer group the distribution was 86.2% for Arg/Arg, 11.8% for Arg/Pro and 2% for Pro/Pro. Distribution differences in p53 codon 72 polymorphism between the cases and controls were statistically significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that p53 codon 72 polymorphism is a genetic predisposing factor for breast invasive ductal carcinoma development in samples of Isfahan. However, further studies are needed to determine the role of p53 codon72 polymorphism in breast cancer development. KEY WORDS: Polymorphism, p53 codon 72, breast cancer

Smoking or High Blood Pressure, Which one is more Important in Premature Coronary ArteryDisease?

Abstract: U†U©UŒO¯U‡: U©O´UŒO¯U† O³UŒU¯O§O± Uˆ UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§OŒ U‡O± O¯Uˆ O§O² O¬U…U„U‡ O¹UˆO§U…U„ O®O·O±O²O§US O§OµU„UŒ O¨O±O§UŒ O¢OaO±UˆO§O³U©U„O±UˆO² O²UˆO¯O±O³ U‡O³OaU†O¯. O¯O± O­O§U„ O­O§O¶O±OŒ O§O·U„O§O¹UŒ O±O§O¬O¹ O¨U‡ O§O«O± O§UŒU† O¯Uˆ O¹O§U…U„ O®O·O±O²O§ O±UˆUŒ O§U„U¯UˆUS U¯O±UOaO§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± Uˆ U†UŒO² O¹U…U„U©O±O¯ O¨O·U† U†U¾ (LVEF) O¯O± O¢U†U˜UŒUˆU¯O±O§UUŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† O¨O§ O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± O¯O± O¯O³Oa U†UŒO³Oa. O¯O± O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡OŒ O§O«O± U©O´UŒO¯U† O³UŒU¯O§O± Uˆ UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§ O±UˆUŒ O¢U†U˜UŒUˆU¯O±O§UUŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† O¨O§ O¢OaO±UˆO§O³U©U„O±UˆO² O²UˆO¯O±O³ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨O±O±O³UŒ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡OŒ 240 O¨UŒU…O§O± O¨O§ O³U† O²UŒO± 45 O³O§U„ (O³UŒU¯O§O±UŒ UŒO§ UO´O§O± O®UˆU†UŒ) O±O§ O´O§U…U„ U…UŒ O´O¯ U©U‡ O¨O§ OaO´O®UŒOµ O³U†O¯O±U… U©O±UˆU†O±UŒ O­O§O¯ OaO­Oa O¢U†U˜UŒUˆU¯O±O§UUŒ U©O±UˆU†O±UŒ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU‡ O§U†O¯. OaO¹O¯O§O¯ Uˆ U†UˆO¹ U¯O±UOaO§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ Uˆ U‡U…U†U†UŒU† O¹U…U„U©O±O¯ O¨O·U† U†U¾ O¯O± U‡O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¨O§ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O±U¯O±O³USUˆU† U„O¬O³OaUSUƒ O¨O±O±O³UŒ O´O¯. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: OaO¹O¯O§O¯ 24 O¨USU…O§O±OŒ U‡U… UO´O§O±O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§ Uˆ U‡U… U…OµO±U O³USU¯O§O± O¯O§O´OaU†O¯ UƒU‡ O§O² U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ O­O°U O´O¯U†O¯. O§O² 216 O¨USU…O§O±OŒ 142 U†UO± (7/65%) O³USU¯O§O±US O¨UˆO¯U†O¯ Uˆ 74 U†UO± (4/33%) UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§ O¯O§O´OaU†O¯. U¯O±UOaO§O±US O´O±USO§U† UƒO±UˆU†O± U†O²UˆU„US U†U¾ (LAD) O¯O± O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† O³USU¯O§O±US O´O§USO¹â€ŒOaO± O¨UˆO¯O› U‡U…U†U†UŒU† O§USU† O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¹U…U„UƒO±O¯ U¾O§USUSU† OaO± O¨O·U† U†U¾ (28/2%) ( LVEF)OŒ U†O³O¨Oa O¨U‡ O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† UO´O§O±O®UˆU†US (6/17%) O¯O§O´OaU†O¯ (005/0> P). U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ U†O´O§U† O¯O§O¯ U©U‡ U…OµO±U O³UŒU¯O§O± U†O³O¨Oa O¨U‡ UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§ O¹O§U…U„ O®O·O±O²O§US O´O§UŒO¹â€ŒOaO±UŒ O¨O±O§UŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±US O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± O¯O± O¨O§U„OoUŒU† O¬UˆO§U† O§O³OaO› U†UŒO²OŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† O³UŒU¯O§O±UŒ O¨UŒO´OaO± U¯O±UOaO§O±UŒ LAD Uˆ U†UŒO² LVEF U¾O§UŒUŒU† OaO±UŒ U†O³O¨Oa O¨U‡ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† UO´O§O± O®UˆU†UŒ O¯O§O´OaU†O¯. U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ UO¹U„US O¯O± O²U…USU†U‡ OaO¹O¯USU„ O¹UˆO§U…U„ O®O·O±O²O§ O¨O±O§US O¨USU…O§O±US O²UˆO¯O±O³ O¹O±UˆU‚ UƒO±UˆU†O±OŒ O®O·O± U…OµO±U O¯O®O§U†UŒO§Oa O¯O± O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¬UˆO§U† O±O§ U¯UˆO´O²O¯ U…US‌UƒU†O¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: U…OµO±U O³UŒU¯O§O±OŒ UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¨O§U„O§OŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± O²UˆO¯O±O³

Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients with Idiopathic Iron Deficiency of Referred to Gastroenterology Clinic

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a recognized feature of celiac disease in adults and can be its only presentation. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of celiac disease in a sample of Iranian patients with IDA referred to gastroenterology clinic. METHODS: In this prospective study, 126 consecutive patients with IDA (Hb<14g/dl in male, Hb<12g/dl in female and ferritin <38g/dl) aged 15-71 years referred for endoscopy were included in this study. If endoscopy was normal, at least two distal duodenal biopsies were taken. In addition, antigliadin antibody (AGA) and antiendomisial antibody (AEA) were cheked in these patients. FINDINGS: In 8 (6.3%) patients, duodenal biopsies revealed histological features of celiac disease according to revised Marsh criteria (6 patients, Marsh IIIA and 2 IIIC). The average Hb level was 8.8 mg/dl. Six of these patients (75%) had positive serology for celiac disease (2 positive antiendomysial, 3 positive antigliadine and 1 positive for both antibodies). Gluten-free diet was recommended to these eight patients and clinical and hematological response was observed in all of them. After four months the mean hemoglobin concentration of the patients was 13.2g/dl. CONCLUSION: A considerably high prevalence of celiac disease was documented among patients with IDA of unknown cause. We suggest that distal duodenal biopsy should be taken in patients with idiopathic IDA in order to exclude celiac disease. KEY WORDS: Celiac disease, Iron deficiency anemia, antiendomysial antibody, antigliadin antibody, Iran.

Early detection of noise induced hearing loss by extended high frequency audiometery

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Surrounding noise, especially in industrial environments, is one of the most common etiologic factors of sensory-neural hearing loss (SNHL), which is not curable, but preventable. By industrialization of communities, the prevalence of the disease and its unfavorable socioeconomic outcome is growing up. Since the preventable defect, early diagnosis has the utmost importance. In recent years, the role of extended high frequency audiometry (EHFA) as a sensitive diagnostic tool for noise induced hearing loss has received much attention. This study deals with the role of EHFA in early diagnosis of this disorder. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study during 2003-4 in Isfahan, Iran. A total number of 30 male labors, aged 20-50 years working in a noisy industrial environment, were compared with an equal number of controls with normal conventional audiometry, and no risk factor for other causes of SNHL according to their history and otoscopic examination. All 60 individuals underwent both types of conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-test, paired t-test and correlation tests of Pearson and Spearman. FINDINGS: There was no difference between the right and left ears. The exposed subjects had significantly worse hearing than the non exposed group, at all tested frequencies (especially at 16 KHz). The age effect was notable in both groups. The correlation between high frequency threshold and duration of noise-exposure was significant only at 16, 18 and 20 KHz. CONCLUSION: The higher mean frequency threshold of the cases was predictable; the normal findings of conventional audiometry, reveal that EHFA can be useful in early diagnosis of acoustic injuries. KEY WORDS: Noise-Induced hearing loss, extended high frequency andiometry, conventional audiometry, Hearing thresholds

Pathologic Findings in Sinonasal Polyposis and Predisposing Factors

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathologic findings in patients with sinonasal polyposis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and to assess the relationship between these findings and the predisposing factors of polyposis. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from March 2004 to November 2006 among 30 patients. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery after a detailed history and physical examination. The biopsy specimen were evaluated in two groups of eosinophilic and neutrophilic polyposis; then pathologic findings were compared with other findings. Findings: Overall, 20 patients (66.67%) were male and 10 (23.33%) were female. The highest frequency was seen in the 50-60-year age group. Allergic rhinitis and septal deviation were the most co-existing conditions. Eosinophilic polyposis was more prevalent than neutrophilic polyposis (18% vs. 12%, respectively, p=0. 04). Conclusion: Eosinophilic polyposis was more common than neutrophilic type. Males are more frequently affected than females. Allergic diseases and nasal structural abnormalities were the most important factors associated with nasal polyposis. Key words: Nasal Polyposis, endoscopic sinus surgery, predisposing factors

Effective Factors on Survival Time of the leukemic Patients and Estimating the Mean of Survival Time by Expectation and Maximization Algorithm and Monte Carlo Markov Chains Simulation Method

Abstract: U†U©UŒO¯U‡ U„UˆO³U…US USUƒUS O§O² O§U†UˆO§O¹ O¨USU…O§O±US‌U‡O§US O¨O¯O®UŒU… O¯O³OaU¯O§U‡ O®UˆU†O³O§O² O¨O¯U† O§O³Oa UƒU‡ O¯O± U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† O¨O³USO§O± UƒUˆOaO§U‡UŒ O¨O§O¹O« U…O±U¯ Uˆ U…UŒO± U…US‌O´UˆO¯O› O¯O± O§USU† U…U‚O§U„U‡OŒ O¹UˆO§U…U„ U…O¤O«O± O¨O± O²U…O§U† O¨U‚O§UŒ O¨USU…O§O±O§U† U…O¨OaU„O§ O¨U‡ U„UˆO³U…US O­O§O¯ U„U†UUˆO¦UŒO¯UŒ (ALL)OŒ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨O±O±O³US U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU‡ O§O³Oa OaO§ O¨O±O§US O¯O±U© O§O±OaO¨O§O· U…USO§U† O²U…O§U† O¨U‚O§UŒ O§USU† O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¨O§ O¹UˆO§U…U„ U…O¤O«O± Expectation & MaximationOŒ U…O¯U„ O±U¯O±O³USUˆU† U¾UŒO´â€ŒO¨UŒU†UŒ U©U†U†O¯O© U…U†O§O³O¨UŒ O¨U‡ O¯O³Oa O¢UŒO¯. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: O§O·U„O§O¹O§Oa 52 O¨USU…O§O± U„UˆO³U…US UUˆOa O´O¯U‡ O¯O± O¨UŒU…O§O±O³OaO§U† O³UŒO¯ O§U„O´U‡O¯O§UŒ (O¹) O§OµUU‡O§U† O¨O±O±O³UŒ O´O¯. U…O¯U„ O±U¯O±O³USUˆU† U¾UŒO´â€ŒO¨UŒU†UŒ U©U†U†O¯O© U…O¯ U†O¸O± O´O§U…U„ U…OaOoUŒO±U‡O§UŒ U‡U…UˆU¯U„UˆO¨UŒU†OŒ O³U„UˆU„‌U‡O§UŒ U†O§O¨O§U„Oo Uˆ O³U† O¨UŒU…O§O± O¨UˆO¯. O¨U‡ O¯U„UŒU„ OaUˆO²UŒO¹ O¢U…UŒO®OaU‡ O¯O§O¯U‡â€ŒU‡O§UŒ U…UˆO¬UˆO¯OŒ UŒU© U…O¯U„ O¢U…UŒO®OaU‡ O¨O±O§UŒ O²U…O§U† O¨U‚O§UŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¯O± U†O¸O± U¯O±UOaU‡OŒ O¨O§ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O§U„U¯UˆO±USOaU… EMOŒ O¨O±O¢UˆO±O¯ O¨UŒO´UŒU†U‡ O¯O±O³Oa U†U…O§USUS U…USO§U†U¯USU† O¨U‚O§ O±O§ U…O­O§O³O¨U‡ U©O±O¯UŒU…. U‡U…U†U†UŒU† O¨O§ O¨U‡ U©O§O±U¯USO±US O±UˆO´ O´O¨USU‡ O³O§O²US U…UˆU†Oa UƒO§O±U„UˆUSUS O²U†O¬USO±U‡â€ŒU‡O§US U…O§O±UƒU (MCMC) O¨O±O¢UˆO±O¯ O¨USO²US U…USO§U†U¯USU† O¨U‚O§ O±O§ O¨U‡ O¯O³Oa O¢UˆO±O¯UŒU…. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: O¨O§ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O±UˆO´â€ŒU‡O§UŒ O¢U…O§O±UŒ UUˆU‚OŒ OaO§O¨O¹ O¨U‚O§UŒUŒ O±O§ O¨U‡ O¯O³Oa O¢UˆO±O¯UŒU… U©U‡ O¨O§ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O¢U† U…UŒâ€ŒOaUˆO§U† U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† O¨U‚O§UŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O±O§ O¨O± O­O³O¨ O±UˆO² (O¨U‡â€ŒO¹U†UˆO§U† U¾UŒO´ O¢U¯U‡UŒ) U¾UŒO´â€ŒO¨UŒU†UŒ U©O±O¯U‡ O¯O± U…UˆO±O¯ O¯O±U…O§U† O¨UŒU…O§O± OaOµU…UŒU… U¯O±UOa. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O¨U‡ U†O¸O± U…UŒâ€ŒO±O³O¯ U…UŒâ€ŒOaUˆO§U† O¨O§ U…O·O§U„O¹O§Oa O¨O§ O­O¬U… O¨UŒO´OaO± Uˆ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O±UˆO´â€ŒU‡O§ Uˆ O¢O²U…UˆU†â€ŒU‡O§UŒ O¢U…O§O±UŒ O°U©O± O´O¯U‡ O¯O± O§UŒU† U…U‚O§U„U‡OŒ O§O±OaO¨O§O·UŒ O¨UŒU† UŒO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§UŒ O¨O§U„UŒU†UŒ Uˆ O¢O²U…O§UŒO´U¯O§U‡UŒ Uˆ U…UŒO²O§U† O¨U‚O§ U¾UŒO¯O§ U©O±O¯. U„O°O§ U…UŒâ€ŒOaUˆO§U† O§O² O§UŒU† U…O¯U„ O¨O±O§UŒ O³O§UŒO± O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒâ€ŒU‡O§ U†UŒO² O¬U‡Oa OaO¹UŒUŒU† U¾UŒO´ O¢U¯U‡UŒ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ U†U…UˆO¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: O¨O±O¢UˆO±O¯ O¨UŒO´UŒU†U‡ O¯O±O³Oa U†U…O§USUSOŒ O¨O±O¢UˆO±O¯ O¨USO²USOŒ O¯Uˆ U†U…O§USUSOŒ O±U¯O±O³USUˆU†OŒ U„UˆO³U…USOŒ U…O¯U„ O¢U…USO®OaU‡OŒ U…USO§U†U¯USU† O¨U‚O§

بررسي توزيع Ùراواني بيان آنتي Ú˜Ù† CD44 در سطح سلولهاي تومورال در كارسينوم مجرايي مهاجم پستان

Abstract: Background: CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein which its expression on the surface of neoplastic cells in breast invasive ductal carcinoma seems to be associated with increased aggressive potential of tumor. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this antigen on neoplastic cells in this type of cancer according to the metastasis to axillary lymph nodes. Methods: This study was performed on 80 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma treated by mastectomy with documented status of axilliary lymph nodes metastasis. Slides prepared from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumoral tissue were stained for CD44 immunohistochemically, and the frequency of CD44 immunoreactivity in two groups (with and without axilliary lymph node metastasis) was assessed by chi-square test. Mean number of metastatic lymph nodes in two groups (with and without CD44) was assessed by t-student test. The significance level was set at p<0.001. Findings: No statistically significant difference was found neither between the frequency of CD44 immunoreactivity in two groups (with and without axilliary lymph node metastasis), nor between the number of metastatic lymph nodes in two groups (with and without the CD44 immunoreactivity). Conclusion: Our findings are compatible with results of some previous studies in this field which have not shown any significant relationship between CD44 expression and axillary lymph node metastasis. According to obtained results, CD44 is not an appropriate marker for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Key words: Breast invasive ductal carcinoma, CD44, immunohistochemistry, axillary node metastasis

Antifungal activity of boswellia serrata essential oil against fluconazole-resistant and susceptible isolates of candida albicans

Abstract: Introduction Candidiasis as an opportunistic infection is created by some species of Candida. Here the role of Candida albicans is more noticeable than other species. Candida can cause an extended spectrum of symptoms. Due to the increasing consumption of immunosuppressants including corticosteroids and diseases like diabetes, candidiasis has drawn more attention than before. Methods Considering the side-effects of antifungal chemical drugs and their high cost, we used the essential oil of Boswellia serrata against the isolates of Candida which are sensitive and resistant to fluconazole. Of 50 samples used in this study, twenty-five were sensitive and twenty-five were resistant to the fluconazole. Different concentrations of Boswellia serrata essential oil were prepared in microplates. One-thousand Candida albicans yeast cells were added to each well and after 24 hours of incubation, the number of Candida cells in each well was counted. Results In the group of sensitive isolates, 3, 7, 7, and 8 did not grow up to dilutions of 1/32nd, 1/64 th, 1/128th, and 1/256 th, respectively. In group of resistant isolates, 1, 6, 8, and 10 isolates did not grow up to dilutions of 1/32nd, 1/64th,, 1/128th, and 1/256th., respectively. Conclusions The essential oil of Boswellia serrata displayed an inhibiting effect on all Candida albicans isolates in-vitro; hence we recommend the investigation of its antifungal properties in vivo. Keywords Candida albicans, Fluconazole, Antifungal activity, Boswellia serrata.

Effects of Magnesium Sulphate in Delibrated Hypotension for Mastoidectomy Surgery

Abstract: U…U‚O¯U…U‡: O¯O± O§O¹U…O§U„ O±USO² O¬O±O§O­UŒ U¯UˆO´ U…O§U†U†O¯ U…O§O³OaUˆO¦USO¯U©OaUˆU…UŒOŒ U©U†OaO±U„ O®UˆU†O±USO²UŒ O¯O± U…O­U„ OaUˆO³O· U‡USU¾UˆOaO§U†O³USUˆU† UƒU†OaO±U„U‡OŒ O§O² O§U‡U…UŒOa UˆUŒU˜U‡â€ŒO§UŒ O¯O§O±O¯. USUƒUS O§O² U†O§U„O´U‡O§US U…U‡U… O¯O± O§UŒU† O±O§O³OaO§OŒ O¯O³OaUŒO§O¨UŒ O¢O³O§U† O¨U‡ U…USO²O§U† O¯U„O®UˆO§U‡ O§UOa UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¶U…U† OaO¯O§O®U„ O­O¯O§U‚U„ O¨O§ O¯O§O±UˆU‡O§US O¨US‌U‡UˆO´US Uˆ U†USO² O¢O³UŒO¨ U©U…OaO± O¨U‡ O§O±U¯O§U†U‡O§US O­USO§OaUSO³OaO› O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ O¨O±O§UŒ O¨O±O±O³US O§O«O±O§Oa O³UˆU„UO§Oa U…U†USO²USU… O¬U‡Oa U‡USU¾UˆOaO§U†O³USUˆU† UƒU†OaO±U„U‡ O¯O± O¬O±O§O­UŒ U…O§O³OaUˆUSUSO¯UƒOaUˆU…US O·O±O§O­UŒ O´O¯. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: O¯O± O§UŒU† U©O§O±O¢O²U…O§UŒUŒ O¨O§U„UŒU†UŒOŒ 55 O¨USU…O§O± U©O§U†O¯USO¯ O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­US U…O§O³OaUˆO¦UŒO¯U©OaUˆU…UŒOŒ O¨O§ O³U† O¨USU† 15 OaO§ 60 O³O§U„ O¨U‡ O·UˆO± OaOµO§O¯UUŒ O¯O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ 28 U†UO±UŒ U…UˆO±O¯OŒ OaO¬UˆUSO² O³UˆU„UO§Oa U…U†USO²USU…‌ (mg/kg60 O¸O±U 15 O¯U‚UŒU‚U‡ Uˆ O³U¾O³ mg/kg/h10 OaO§ O³UŒ O¯U‚USU‚U‡ U‚O¨U„ O§O² U¾O§USO§U† O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­US) Uˆ 27 U†UO±UŒ O´O§U‡O¯OŒ OaO¬UˆUSO² O¯O§O±UˆU†U…O§ (U‡U… O­O¬U… O§O² U…O­U„UˆU„ O§USO²UˆOaUˆU†USU©) U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU†O¯. O±UˆO´ Uˆ O¯O§O±UˆUŒ O¨US‌U‡UˆO´UŒ O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ USU©O³O§U† O¨UˆO¯. U…USO²O§U† O®UˆU†O±USO²UŒ O­USU† O¹U…U„OŒ O·UˆU„ O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­UŒOŒ O±O¶O§USOa‌‌U…U†O¯UŒ O¬O±O§O­OŒ O³O·O­ O³O±U…US USUˆU† U…U†USO²USU…OŒ O²U…O§U† O±USU©O§UˆO±UŒOŒ U…OµO±U O¯O§O±UˆU‡O§UŒ O¨US‌U‡UˆO´UŒ Uˆ O¯O§O±UˆUS U†USOaO±UˆU¯U„UŒO³USO±USU† UˆO±USO¯US (U†UŒOaO±UˆU¯U„UŒO³UŒO±UŒU†) O¯O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ O§U†O¯O§O²U‡â€ŒU¯USO±UŒ O´O¯O› O¬U‡Oa U…U‚O§USO³U‡ U…USO§U†U¯USU† U‡O± USUƒ O§O² U…OaOoUSO±U‡O§ O§O² O¢O²U…UˆU† t U…O³OaU‚U„ Uˆ O¨O±O§US U…U‚O§USO³U‡ O³O·O­ O±O¶O§USOa‌U…U†O¯UŒ O¬O±O§O­ O¯O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ O§O² O¢O²U…UˆU† O¢U…O§O±US Mann-Whitney O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O´O¯. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: U…USO§U†U¯USU† Uˆ O§U†O­O±O§U U…O¹USO§O± O­O¬U… O®UˆU†O±USO²US O­USU† O¹U…U„ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ 19/27±46/59 U…UŒU„UŒâ€ŒU„UŒOaO± Uˆ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ 41/31±57/93 U…UŒU„UŒâ€ŒU„UŒOaO± Uˆ O³O·O­ O³O±U…US U…U†USO²USU… U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­US meq/l 39/0±07/2 O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ Uˆ meq/l 78/0±01/3 O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨UˆO¯O› U…OµO±U O¯O§O±UˆUŒ U‡O§U„UˆOaO§U† O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ MAC/h64/0±1/3 Uˆ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ 6 /0±45/3OŒ O¯O§O±UˆUŒ O¢OaO±O§U©UˆO±USUˆU… 08/14±89/45 U…UŒU„UŒâ€ŒU¯O±U… O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ Uˆ 76/9±17/60 U…UŒU„UŒâ€ŒU¯O±U… O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ Uˆ O¯O§O±UˆUŒ U†UŒOaO±UˆU¯U„UŒO³UŒO±UŒU† O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ 69/56±71/101 U…UŒU©O±UˆU¯O±U… Uˆ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ 45/450±14/1107 U…UŒU©O±UˆU¯O±U… O¨UˆO¯ U©U‡ O¨U‡ OoUŒO± O§O² U…OµO±U U‡O§U„UˆOaO§U†OŒ O§O®OaU„O§U O¨UŒU† O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ U…O¹U†UŒâ€Œâ€ŒO¯O§O± O¨UˆO¯ (001/0P<). U…USO§U†U¯USU† Uˆ O§U†O­O±O§U U…O¹USO§O± U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† O¬O±O§O­US 62/33±5/157 O¯U‚UŒU‚U‡ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ Uˆ 27/27±71/155 O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ Uˆ U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† O¨O³OaO±US O¯O± O±USUƒO§UˆO±US 99/8±71/45 O¯U‚UŒU‚U‡ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ Uˆ 92/7±64/44 O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨UˆO¯ U©U‡ U…O¹U†UŒâ€ŒO¯O§O± U†O¨UˆO¯. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O³UˆU„UO§Oa U…U†USO²USUˆU… O¨U‡ O¹U†UˆO§U† USU© O¯O§O±UˆUŒ U©O§U‡U†O¯U‡ UO´O§O± O®UˆU† O¯O± O¹U…U„ U…O§O³OaUˆO¦USO¯U©OaUˆU…UŒ O¨O§O¹O« U©O§U‡O´ O®UˆU†O±USO²UŒ Uˆ U…OµO±U O¯O§O±UˆUŒ O´U„‌U©U†U†O¯U‡ O¹O¶U„O§U†UŒ Uˆ O¯O§O±UˆUŒ U¾O§UŒUŒU†â€ŒO¢UˆO±U†O¯U‡ UO´O§O±O®UˆU† (TNG) Uˆ O§UO²O§UŒO´ O±O¶O§USOa‌U…U†O¯UŒ O¬O±O§O­OŒ O¨O¯UˆU† OaOoUŒUŒO± O¯O± O²U…O§U† O¬O±O§O­UŒ Uˆ O±USU©O§UˆO±UŒ O´O¯O› U„O°O§ OaO¬UˆUSO² O¢U† O¯O± O¨UŒU‡UˆO´UŒ U‡U…O±O§U‡ O¨O§ U‡USU¾UˆOaO§U†O³UŒUˆU† U©U†OaO±U„U‡ U…UŒâ€ŒOaUˆO§U†O¯ O³UˆO¯U…U†O¯ O¨O§O´O¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: O³UˆU„UO§Oa U…U†UŒO²UŒUˆU…OŒ U‡UŒU¾UˆOaO§U†O³UŒUˆU† U©U†OaO±U„U‡OŒ U…O§O³OaUˆO¦USO¯U©OaUˆU…UŒ

The subjective functional stress level in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract: U…U‚O¯U…U‡: O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†UŒ U©U‡ O¨U‡ O¹U†UˆO§U† USU© O¹O§U…U„ O§USO¬O§O¯ U©U†U†O¯U‡â€ŒUŒ O¨USU…O§O±US‌U‡O§US O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± O¯O± U†O¸O± U¯O±UOaU‡ U…US‌O´UˆO¯OŒ O¨U‡O¨UˆO¯US O§USU† O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O±O§ O¨U‡ OaO£O®USO± O§U†O¯O§O®OaU‡OŒ O¨O§O¹O« OaO´O¯USO¯ O¨USU…O§O±US Uˆ O§USO¬O§O¯ O¹UˆO§O±O¶ U†O§O´US O§O² O¢U† U…US‌O´UˆO¯O› UˆU„UŒ O§O² O¢U† O¬O§UŒUŒ U©U‡ U‡U†UˆO² O§UŒU† O§O±OaO¨O§O· O¨U‡ O§O«O¨O§Oa U†O±O³UŒO¯U‡ O§O³OaOŒ U…O§ O¨O± O¢U† O´O¯UŒU… OaO§ O¯O± O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ O¨U‡ O¨O±O±O³US U‡U…O²U…O§U†US O§O³OaO±O³ Uˆ O¨O±UˆO² O­U…U„U‡ O­O§O¯ O§U†UO§O±U©OaUˆO³ U…UŒUˆU©O§O±O¯ O¨U¾O±O¯O§O²UŒU…. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡â€ŒUŒ U…UˆO±O¯- O´O§U‡O¯US O¯O± O³O§U„‌U‡O§UŒ 86 -1385 O¯O± U…O±O§U©O² O¯O±U…O§U†US O´U‡O± O¨O±UˆO¬U† O§U†O¬O§U… O´O¯. 50 U†UO± O¨O§ O³O§O¨U‚U‡â€ŒUŒ U…O«O¨Oa O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± U©U‡ O¨U‡ OaO§O²U¯UŒ O¨U‡ O§U†UO§O±U©OaUˆO³ O­O§O¯ U…USUˆU©O§O±O¯ U…O¨OaU„O§ O´O¯U‡ O¨UˆO¯U†O¯ Uˆ O¯O± O§U„U©OaO±UˆU©O§O±O¯UŒU¯O±O§UUŒ O¢U†U‡O§ O¨O§U„O§ O±UOaU† U‚O·O¹U‡â€ŒUŒ ST U…O´O§U‡O¯U‡ U…US‌O´O¯OŒ O¨U‡ O¹U†UˆO§U† O§UO±O§O¯ U¯O±UˆU‡ O¢O²U…UˆU† O¯O± U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU†O¯ Uˆ O¨O§50 U†UO± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ U…U‚O§UŒO³U‡ O´O¯U†O¯O› O§UO±O§O¯ U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ O¨O§ UˆO¬UˆO¯ O³O§O¨U‚U‡â€ŒUŒ U…O«O¨Oa O¨USU…O§O±US O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O±OŒ O¨U‡ O¨USU…O§O±US O§U†UO§O±U©OaUˆO³ O­O§O¯ U…USUˆU©O§O±O¯ U…O¨OaU„O§ U†O´O¯U‡OŒ O¬U‡Oa U¾UŒâ€ŒU¯UŒO±UŒ O¯O±U…O§U† O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ O®UˆO¯ O¨U‡ U©U„UŒU†UŒU© Uˆ UŒO§ U…O·O¨ U…O±O§O¬O¹U‡ U…UŒâ€ŒU†U…UˆO¯U†O¯. O§UŒU† O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡OŒ O§O² U†O¸O± U…UˆO§O¬U‡U‡ O¨O§ O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†UŒOŒ O¯O± O·UŒ UŒU© U…O§U‡ U¯O°O´OaU‡OŒ U…UˆO±O¯ U…U‚O§UŒO³U‡ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU†O¯. O§O¨O²O§O± U…UˆO±O¯ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O¯O± O§USU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡OŒ U¾O±O³O´â€ŒU†O§U…U‡â€ŒUŒ O§O·U„O§O¹O§Oa O¯U…UˆU¯O±O§UUSU© Uˆ O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ Uˆ U¾O±O³O´â€ŒU†O§U…U‡â€ŒUŒ O³U†O¬O´ O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†US-O¹U…U„U©O±O¯USSubjective Stress Functional Classification (SS_FC) O¨UˆO¯. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: O¯O± U…O¬U…UˆO¹OŒ 9/78 O¯O±OµO¯ O§O² U¯O±UˆU‡ O¢O²U…UˆU†OŒ O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†UŒ O¨O§U„O§UŒUŒ (O¯O±O¬U‡ 3 Uˆ 4) O±O§ OaO¬O±O¨U‡ U©O±O¯U‡ O¨UˆO¯U†O¯ Uˆ O§USU† O¯O± O­O§U„US O¨UˆO¯ U©U‡ UU‚O· 3/29 O¯O±OµO¯ O§O² O§UO±O§O¯ U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ O¯O§O±O§US O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†UŒ O¨O§U„O§USUS O¨UˆO¯U†O¯ (05/0.(p < U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O¨O§ OaUˆO¬U‡ O¨U‡ O§UŒU†â€ŒU©U‡ O¯O± O·US U…O¯Oa USU© U…O§U‡ U‚O¨U„ O§O² O¨O±UˆO² O­U…U„U‡ O­O§O¯ O§U†UO§O±U©OaUˆO³ U…USUˆU©O§O±O¯OŒ O¨USU…O§O±O§U† U…O¨OaU„O§ O¨U‡ O¨UŒU…O§O±UŒ O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O± O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O¢O²U…UˆU†OŒ O¯O§O±O§US O§O³OaO±O³ O°U‡U†US O¨USO´OaO±US U†O³O¨Oa O¨U‡ U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ O¨UˆO¯U†O¯ O§UŒU† O§U…O± U…UŒâ€ŒOaUˆO§U†O¯ U†O´O§U† O¯U‡U†O¯U‡â€ŒUŒ O§O±OaO¨O§O· O§O³OaO±O³ Uˆ O§O¨OaU„O§UŒ O¨U‡ O§U†UO§O±U©OaUˆO³ U‚U„O¨UŒ O¨O§O´O¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: O§O³OaO±O³OŒ O³U©OaU‡â€ŒUŒ U‚U„O¨US O­O§O¯OŒ O¨USU…O§O±US O¹O±UˆU‚ U©O±UˆU†O±

Prevalence and risk factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns less than 35 weeks in neonatal intensive care units of isfahan

Abstract: Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants. IVH can cause motor deficit, cerebral palsy, behavioral and intellectual disability in preterm newborns. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of IVH in premature infants with a gestational of less than 35 weeks. Methods: From 2003-2005 we prospectively studied 167 preterm newborns less than 35 weeks at Alzahra and Shahid beheshti hospitals- Isfahan- Iran. Skull sonography performed at 7th day of life and IVH graded from grade 1-4. The exclusion criterion was neonatal death before the 7th day of life. Brain sonography was conducted at day 7 after birth, and IVH was categorized to four degrees. The association of maternal and neonatal characteristics with IVH was evaluated. Findings: The prevalence of IVH was 19.5% in newborns < 35 weeks and 25% in newborns < 1500 grams. The prevalence of IVH significantly correlated with gestational age (p=0.005) and low birth weight (p= 0.002). From 167 infants, 9(5.3%) had grade 1 IVH, 14(8.3%) had grade 2 IVH, 9(5.3%) had grade 3 IVH and 1(0.5%) infant had grade 4 IVH. The other important risk factors for IVH were low 5-minute apgar score, duration of mechanical ventilation, vaginal delivery, duration of oxygen therapy, endotracheal suctioning, low platelet count and surfactant use. The protecting factors included maternal steroids therapy, higher birth weight and higher gestational age. Conclusion: This study emphasizes on the importance of recognizing the risk factors of IVH. With reduction of these risk factors, the incidence of this critical disease can be reduced in newborns. Key words: Intraventricular hemorrhage, preterm infant, risk factors

Age of puberty in school-age girls living in Isfahan

Abstract: Background: Due to geographical, racial, nutritional and socio-economical effective factors in pubertal age, assessment of pubertal stages should always be based on native, up-to- date and reliable references data from the same background population. This study is conducted to determine the age of different pubertal stages in school-age girls of Isfahan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 5.5 to 17 years-old girls of Isfahan among 3204 population in 2006. The data was collected through the multistage cluster probability ...

Septoplasty: assessment with rhinomanometry

Abstract: U†U©UŒO¯U‡: O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­US O³U¾OaUˆU¾U„O§O³OaUS USUƒUS O§O² O´O§USO¹â€ŒOaO±USU† O¹U…U„‌U‡O§US O­UŒO·U‡ O­USO·U‡ O¬O±O§O­US U¯UˆO´ Uˆ O­U„U‚ Uˆ O¨USU†US U…US‌O¨O§O´O¯. O§U…O§ U…O·O§U„O¹O§Oa UƒU…US O¯O± O²U…USU†U‡ U…UˆUU‚USOa O§USU† O¹U…U„ O¨U‡ OµUˆO±Oa O¹UŒU†UŒ (O§i iO¨U˜U©OaUŒUˆ) O§U†O¬O§U… U¯O±UOaU‡ O§O³Oa. O¯O± O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡OŒ U…O§ U‚OµO¯ O¯O§O´OaUŒU… O¨O§ OaO³Oa O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±US UO¹O§U„ U‚O¯O§U…US U…UˆUU‚USOa O¹U…U„ O±O§ U†O´O§U† O¯U‡USU… Uˆ U†USO² U…USO²O§U† U‡U…O¨O³OaU¯US O¨USU† U†OaO§USO¬ O§USU† OaO³Oa O¨O§ USO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§US U…O¹O§USU†U‡ O¨O§U„UŒU†UŒ Uˆ O´O±O­ O­O§U„ O±O§ O¨O±O±O³US UƒU†USU…. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: OaO¹O¯O§O¯ 48 O¨USU…O§O± OaUˆO³O· USUƒ O¬O±O§O­ OaO­Oa O¹U…U„ O³U¾OaUˆU¾U„O§O³OaUS U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOaU†O¯. U‚O¨U„ Uˆ USUƒ U…O§U‡ U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ OaO³Oa O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±US (O§U†O¯O§O²U‡ U¯USO±US UU„UˆUŒ U…U‚O§UˆU…Oa O¨USU†US) O§U†O¬O§U… O´O¯. U‡U…U†U†UŒU† OaUˆO³O· U¾O²O´Uƒ O¯USU¯O±US O¯O± O¯O±U…O§U†U¯O§U‡OŒ USO§UOaU‡ U‡O§US O¨O§U„USU†US O«O¨Oa O´O¯ Uˆ O³U¾O³ O¯O§O¯U‡ U‡O§US O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±US Uˆ USO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§US O¨O§U„USU†US U…UˆO±O¯ OaO­U„UŒU„ O¢U…O§O±US U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: U†OaO§USO¬ O´O±O­ O­O§U„ Uˆ U…O¹O§USU†U‡ O¨O§U„USU†US U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¬O±O§O­USOŒ O¨U‡ O·UˆO± U…O¹U†US‌O¯O§O±US U†O´O§U† O¯U‡U†O¯U‡ UƒO§U‡O´ O´UƒO§USOa O§U†O³O¯O§O¯ O¨USU†US Uˆ U†USO² O§U†O³O¯O§O¯ O¯O± U…O¹O§USU†U‡ O¨UˆO¯. UU„UˆUS O¨USU†US O¯O± U‡O± O¯Uˆ O·O±U Uˆ U†USO² UU„UˆUS U…O¬U…UˆO¹ O¨U‡ O·UˆO± U…O¹U†US‌O¯O§O±US O§UO²O§USO´ USO§UOaU‡ Uˆ U…U‚O§UˆU…Oa O¨USU†US UƒO§U‡O´ O¯O§O´OaO› O¨USU† O§UO²O§USO´ O´O§O®Oµâ€ŒU‡O§US O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±USUƒ Uˆ USO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§US O¨O§U„USU†US O±O§O¨O·U‡ U…O³OaU‚USU… Uˆ O¬UˆO¯ O¯O§O´Oa (34/0=r)‌. O¯O± O²U…UŒU†U‡ O±O¶O§UŒOa O¨USU…O§O± U†USO² 4/60% O§UŒO´O§U† UƒO§U…U„ Uˆ 4/10% O¹O¯U… O±O¶O§USOa O±O§ O§O¨O±O§O² U©O±O¯U†O¯. O¨USU† O±O¶O§USOa O¨USU…O§O± O¨O§ USO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§US O¨O§U„USU†US O±O§O¨O·U‡ U…O³OaU‚USU… UˆO¬UˆO¯ O¯O§O´Oa. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±US U…US‌OaUˆO§U†O¯ O´O§O®Oµ O¹USU†US O®UˆO¨US O¨O±O§US O§O±O²USO§O¨US U†OaO§USO¬ O¹U…U„ O³U¾OaUˆU¾U„O§O³OaUS O¨O§O´O¯ Uˆ O¨O± O§USU† O§O³O§O³ UƒO§O±O¨O±O¯ U‡O§US O¨O§U„USU†USOŒ OaO­U‚USU‚O§OaUS Uˆ U†USO² U‚O§U†UˆU†US U¾USO¯O§ UƒU†O¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: O³U¾OaUˆU¾U„O§O³OaUSOŒ O±USU†UˆU…O§U†UˆU…OaO±USOŒ O±O¶O§UŒOaU…U†O¯UŒ O¨UŒU…O§O±

Antibiotic resistance of community-acquired staphylococcus aureus

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extravagant use of vancomycin as first line treatment of infections caused by this organism, has led to production of vancomycin resistant staphylococci and enterococci, as an important health problem. The goal of this study was determining sensitivity of S.aureus isolated from clinical specimens outside hospital using E-Test in order to find suitable primary therapeutic method and to reduce vancomycin use. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2006 among 60 samples of community- acquired S.aureus Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for various antibiotics against organisms was determined by E-test method. Qualitative control was performed by staphylococcus ATCC29213 and statistical analysis was done by SPSS ver 13 and WHONET- 5 softwares. FINDINGS: Overall, 60 patients (including 10 women and 50 men) were included in the study. The specimen studied were 47% from blood, 30% from skin ulcer, 11.7% from evacuated abscess and 8.3% from synovial fluid. Sensitivity percentage of organisms based on break point used in CLSI M7A6 (Clinical & Laboratory Standard Institute) for various antibiotics was 88.6% for Co-Amoxiclav, 81.8% for Amikacin, 79.3% for Gentamicin, 82.1% for Cephalothin, 75% for Ciprofloxacin, 75% for Clindamycin, 76.7% for Oxacillin, 90.5% for Rifampin and 77.8% for Vancomycin. Highest resistance was noted against Oxacillin (p<0.01), Clinidomycin (p<0.01) and aminoglycosides (p<0.05) and definite resistance against Vancomycin was present in only one sample. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus is among the most prevalent agents of hospital infection which shows increasing resistance and still has acceptable sensitivity to Cephalothin, Oxacillin and other first- line treatment drugs in community-acquired infections and empirical use of Vancomycin is not necessary in these patients. KEY WORDS: Staphylococcus aureus, sensitivity, resistancy, E-test, MIC.

Chlamydia Pneumoniae Infection and Thrombotic Ischemic Stroke

Abstract: Background: Several studies have assessed the association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and thrombotic ischemic strokes. This study was designed to investigate the association between this organism and ischemic strokes in Iranian patients. Methods: Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP IgA and IgG) were measured in 81 patients with stroke and 43 controls. CP IgG and CP IgA titers more than 1.1 Immune Status Response (ISR) were considered as positive. Findings: We found that 9.3% of controls and 13.6% of cases were CP IgA seropositive. Although the difference between these two groups was prominent but it was not statistically significant (p=0.25). The mean CP IgA titer was significantly higher in the case than in the control group (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 0.47 ± 0.3 ISR, respectively, p=0.03). This difference was not significant for CP IgG titer. Conclusion: The higher titer of CP IgA in patients with ischemic stroke than in controls might suggest the co-existence of this infection with ischemic stroke. Assessment of this association needs longitudinal studies. Key words: Ischemic stroke, chlamydia pneumoniae, serum antibody

Common bacteria, infection area and appropriate treatment in hospitalized addicts

Abstract: Background: The use of narcotics leads to immunodeficiency and infection these patients. Hence, recognition of common germs and appropriate antibiotics is of special importance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among all patients hospitalized within 2002-2005, in the ward of infectious diseases, in Alzahra hospital. First, the patients were divided into 4 groups of skin, limb, heart and lung involvement, then microbial culture was obtained and type of bacterium and effective drug. Findings: Overall, 493 patients with a mean age of 27.75 years, and a minimum of 15 years. The mumber of deaths was 59 (11.96), of which, more than half have been affected by infective endocarditis. The most common complication (58.6%) was related to injection site complications. The lung was second (19%) followed by cardiac involvement equivalent to 13.8%. 60% of existing scopes were on tricuspid valve. The most common bacterium, staphylococcus aureus was obtained at a rate of 82.8% from these patients, which responded mostly to cefazolin and gentamicin. The need for vancomycin was present in 2% of patients, which were all hospitalized in the last year of the study (2005), and cefepime was used in only one case. Conclusion: Considering that the most common bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus, whith a remarkable majority of patients has given appropriate response to simple and inexpensive drugs cefazolin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone and cloxacillin which are first line of treatment against this bacterium, therefore vancomilyn should be kept for special cases. Key words: Intravenous drug user, taphylococcus aureus, cefazoline, vancomycin, empirical therapy

Effect of oat bread consumption on blood sugar and blood cholesterol

Abstract: U…U‚O¯U…U‡: U†O§U† O¨O®O´ U…U‡U…UŒ O§O² O¬UŒO±U‡â€ŒUŒ OoO°O§UŒ U…O±O¯U… O§UŒO±O§U† O±O§ OaO´U©UŒU„ U…UŒâ€ŒO¯U‡O¯O› UŒUˆU„O§U U…U†O¨O¹ O®UˆO¨UŒ O§O² U†O¸O± U¾O±UˆOaO¦UŒU† O¨O§ O§O±O²O´ OaOoO°UŒU‡â€ŒO§UŒ O¨O§U„O§O³Oa U©U‡ O¯O± OaU‡UŒU‡â€ŒUŒ U†O§U† U…UˆO±O¯ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ U‚O±O§O± U…UŒâ€ŒU¯UŒO±O¯. O§UŒU† U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ O¨O§ O¯O± U†O¸O± U¯O±UOaU† O§O«O± UUŒO¨O±U‡O§UŒ O±U˜UŒU…UŒ O¨U‡ UˆUŒU˜U‡ UUŒO¨O±U‡O§UŒ U…UˆO¬UˆO¯ O¯O± UŒUˆU„O§U O¨O± O³U„O§U…Oa OaOoO°UŒU‡â€ŒUŒ O§U†O³O§U†OŒ O§O«O± U†O§U† OaU‡UŒU‡ O´O¯U‡ O§O² O¢O±O¯ UŒUˆU„O§U Uˆ O¢O±O¯ U¯U†O¯U… O¨O± U©O§U‡O´ U‚U†O¯OŒ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„OŒ OaO±UŒâ€ŒU¯U„UŒO³O±UŒO¯OŒ HDLUˆ LDL O®UˆU† O±O§ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨O±O±O³UŒ U‚O±O§O± O¯O§O¯. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: O§O² U…UŒO§U† U¾O±UˆU†O¯U‡â€ŒU‡O§UŒ O¨U‡O¯O§O±UŒ O¯O§U†O´U¯O§U‡ OµU†O¹OaUŒ O§OµUU‡O§U† O§UO±O§O¯ O¯O§O±O§UŒ U‚U†O¯ Uˆ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„ Uˆ UŒO§ OaO±UŒâ€ŒU¯U„UŒO³UŒO±UŒO¯ O¨UŒO´OaO± O§O² U…O¹U…UˆU„ O§U†OaO®O§O¨ O´O¯U†O¯ U©U‡ 21 U†UO± O§O² O¢U†O§U† O´O±O§UŒO· O´O±U©Oa O¯O± U…O·O§U„O¹U‡ O±O§ U¾O°UŒO±UOaU†O¯. O¨O±O§UŒ OaU‡UŒU‡ U†O§U† UŒUˆU„O§U Uˆ U¯U†O¯U… O§O² O¢O±O¯ U©O§U…U„ UŒUˆU„O§U O±U‚U… U©O§U†O§O¯O§UŒUŒ U©O§U„UŒO¨O± (Calibre) O¨U‡ U†O³O¨Oa 25 O¯O±OµO¯ Uˆ O¢O±O¯ U¯U†O¯U… O±U‚U… O±UˆO´U† O¨O§ O¯O±O¬U‡â€ŒUŒ O§O³OaO®O±O§O¬ 78 O¯O±OµO¯ O¨U‡ U†O³O¨Oa 75 O¯O±OµO¯ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O´O¯. O¨O±O§UŒ O¢U…O§O¯U‡â€ŒO³O§O²UŒ O¢O±O¯ UŒUˆU„O§UOŒ UŒUˆU„O§U U¾UˆO³Oa‌U¯UŒO±UŒ U†O´O¯U‡ O¨U‡ U…O¯Oa 20 O¯U‚UŒU‚U‡ O¯O± O¯U…O§UŒ °c75 O­O±O§O±Oa O¯O§O¯U‡ O´O¯ OaO§ O¹U…U„ U¾UˆO³Oa‌U¯UŒO±UŒ O±O§O­Oa‌OaO± OµUˆO±Oa U¯UŒO±O¯. O³U¾O³ O¢U†O²UŒU…‌O¨O±UŒ UŒUˆU„O§U O¯O± O¯U…O§UŒ °c100 O¨U‡ U…O¯Oa UŒU© O³O§O¹Oa OµUˆO±Oa U¯O±UOa. O¹U…U„ O¢U†O²UŒU…‌O¨O±UŒ O¨O±O§UŒ O¬U„UˆU¯UŒO±UŒ O§O² OaU„O®â€ŒO´O¯U† O¢O±O¯ UŒUˆU„O§U O§U†O¬O§U… O´O¯. O¢O±O¯ U©O§U…U„ UŒUˆU„O§U O¨O±O§UŒ OaUˆU„UŒO¯ U†O§U† U…UˆO±O¯ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. U†O§U† OaUˆU„UŒO¯ O´O¯U‡ O¨U‡ U…O¯Oa 15 O±UˆO² U‡O± O±UˆO² O³U‡ UˆO¹O¯U‡ Uˆ U‡O± UˆO¹O¯U‡ 150 U¯O±U… O¨U‡ O¬O§UŒ U…OµO±U U†O§U† U…O¹U…UˆU„ O¯O± O¬UŒO±U‡â€ŒUŒ OoO°O§UŒUŒ O§UO±O§O¯ U…UˆO±O¯ O¨O±O±O³UŒ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. U†U…UˆU†U‡â€ŒUŒ O®UˆU† O¯O§UˆO·U„O¨O§U† U‚O¨U„ O§O² U…OµO±U U†O§U†OŒ 10 O±UˆO² Uˆ 15 O±UˆO² U¾O³ O§O² U…OµO±U U†O§U† U¯O±UOaU‡ O´O¯ Uˆ O®OµUˆOµUŒO§Oa U‚U†O¯ U†O§O´OaO§OŒ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„OŒ OaO±UŒâ€ŒU¯U„UŒO³O±UŒO¯OŒ LDL Uˆ HDL OaO¹UŒUŒU† U¯O±O¯UŒO¯. U†OaO§UŒO¬ O¨U‡ O¯O³Oa O¢U…O¯U‡ U…UˆO±O¯ OaO­U„UŒU„ O¢U…O§O±UŒ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: U…OµO±U U†O§U† UŒUˆU„O§U (25 O¯O±OµO¯ O¢O±O¯ U©O§U…U„ UŒUˆU„O§U Uˆ 75 O¯O±OµO¯ O¢O±O¯ 87 O¯O±OµO¯ O§O³OaO­OµO§U„ U¯U†O¯U…) U…UˆO¬O¨ U©O§U‡O´ U‚U†O¯OŒ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„OŒ HDL Uˆ LDL O®UˆU† U…OµO±Uâ€ŒU©U†U†O¯U¯O§U† U†O§U† O´O¯U‡ O§O³Oa Uˆ O§O®OaU„O§U U…O¹U†UŒâ€ŒO¯O§O±UŒ O¯O± O³O·O­ UŒU© O¯O±OµO¯ O¨UŒU† O§UŒU† O®OµUˆOµUŒO§Oa O®UˆU† U‚O¨U„ O§O² U…OµO±U Uˆ U¾O³ O§O² 15 O±UˆO² U…OµO±U U†O§U† UˆO¬UˆO¯ O¯O§O´Oa. U†OaO§UŒO¬ U†O´O§U† O¯O§O¯ U©U‡ U…OµO±U U†O§U† UŒUˆU„O§U O§O«O± U…O¹U†UŒâ€ŒO¯O§O±UŒ O§O² U†O¸O± O¢U…O§O±UŒ O¨O± U…U‚O¯O§O± OaO±UŒâ€ŒU¯U„UŒO³UŒO±UŒO¯ O®UˆU† O§UO±O§O¯ U…OµO±U U©U†U†O¯U‡ U†O¯O§O´OaU‡ O§O³Oa. O§U„O¨OaU‡ U…U‚O¯O§O± OaO±UŒ U¯U„UŒO³O±UŒO¯ O®UˆU† O§UŒU† O§UO±O§O¯ U¾O³ O§O² U…OµO±U U†O§U† U©U…‌OaO± O§O² U‚O¨U„ O§O² U…OµO±U O¢U† O¨UˆO¯. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: U…OµO±U U†O§U† UŒUˆU„O§U U…UˆO¬O¨ U©O§U‡O´ U‚U†O¯OŒ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„OŒ HDL Uˆ LDL O®UˆU† U…OµO±Uâ€ŒU©U†U†O¯U¯O§U† U†O§U† U…UŒâ€ŒO´UˆO¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: U†O§U† UŒUˆU„O§UOŒ U‚U†O¯ O®UˆU†OŒ U©U„O³OaO±UˆU„OŒ LDL Uˆ HDL

Effect of Laryngoscope Blade Cover on Bacterial Contamination of Pharynx and Post-Operative Sore- Throat

Abstract: U†U©UŒO¯U‡: OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ O¨U‡ O¹U„Oa OaU…O§O³ O¨O§ OoO´O§U‡O§UŒ U…O®O§O·UŒ O¯U‡O§U† O¯O± U…O¹O±O¶ O¢U„UˆO¯U¯UŒ O¨O§ U…UŒU©O±UˆO§O±U¯O§U†UŒO³U…‌U‡O§UŒ U‚O§O¨U„ O§U†OaU‚O§U„ U‚O±O§O± O¯O§O±O¯. UŒU© O±UˆO´ O¬U„UˆU¯UŒO±UŒ O§O² O§U†OaU‚O§U„ O¹UUˆU†OaOŒ U‚O±O§O± O¯O§O¯U† OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ O¯O±UˆU† UŒU© U¾UˆO´O´ U¾U„O§O³OaUŒU©UŒ O¯O± U‡U†U¯O§U… U„UˆU„U‡â€ŒU¯O°O§O±UŒ OaO±O§O´U‡ O§O³Oa. U…O·O§U„O¹O© O­O§O¶O± O¨O§ U‡O¯U OaO¹UŒUŒU† OaO£O«UŒO± U¾UˆO´O´ OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ O¨O± O¢U„UˆO¯U¯UŒ O¨O§U©OaO±UŒO§U„ O­U„U‚ Uˆ U¯U„UˆO¯O±O¯ U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O·O±O§O­UŒ Uˆ O§O¬O±O§ U¯O±O¯UŒO¯. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: OaO¹O¯O§O¯ 66 O¨UŒU…O§O± U†UŒO§O²U…U†O¯ O¨U‡ O¨UŒU‡UˆO´UŒ O¹U…UˆU…UŒ O¨U‡â€ŒO·UˆO± OaOµO§O¯UUŒ O¯O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ Uˆ O´O§U‡O¯ OaU‚O³UŒU… O´O¯U†O¯. O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ (32= n)OŒ O§O² OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ O¨O§ U¾UˆO´O´ U†O§UŒU„UˆU†UŒ Uˆ O¯O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O´O§U‡O¯ (34= n)OŒ O§O² OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ O¨O¯UˆU† U¾UˆO´O´ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O´O¯. U‚O¨U„ O§O² O§U„U‚O§UŒ O¨UŒU‡UˆO´UŒOŒ O§O² OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ Uˆ O­U„U‚ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† Uˆ 24 O³O§O¹Oa U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O§O² O­U„U‚ O¨UŒU…O§O±O§U† O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ U†U…UˆU†U‡â€ŒO¨O±O¯O§O±UŒ O§U†O¬O§U… Uˆ O¯O± U…O­UŒO· U©O´Oa U‡UˆO§O²UŒ Uˆ O¨UŒâ€ŒU‡UˆO§O²UŒ U‚O±O§O± O¯O§O¯U‡ O´O¯. U¯U„UˆO¯O±O¯ U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¨O±O§O³O§O³ U…O¹UŒO§O± O³U†O¬O´ O¨UŒU†O§UŒUŒ (VAS) U…UˆO±O¯ O§O±O²UŒO§O¨UŒ U‚O±O§O± U¯O±UOa. O¬U‡Oa U…U‚O§UŒO³O© UO±O§UˆO§U†UŒâ€ŒU‡O§ O§O² O¢O²U…UˆU† 2I‡OŒ UUSO´O± Uˆ McNemar Uˆ O¨U‡â€ŒU…U†O¸UˆO± OaO­U„UŒU„ U…U‚O§UŒO³O© U…UŒO§U†U¯UŒU†â€ŒU‡O§ O§O² O¢O²U…UˆU† t O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O´O¯. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: UO±O§UˆO§U†US UƒO´Oa U…O«O¨Oa O­U„U‚ U‚O¨U„ O§O² U…O¯O§O®U„U‡ O¯O± O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ U…UˆO±O¯ Uˆ O´O§U‡O¯ O¨U‡â€Œ OaO±OaUSO¨ 3/89% Uˆ 1/94% Uˆ O¯O± 24 O³O§O¹Oa U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¨U‡â€Œ OaO±OaUSO¨ 7/43% Uˆ 8/61% U¯O²O§O±O´ O´O¯. O¯O± O§UŒU† U…O±O§O­U„ O¨USU† O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ O§O®OaU„O§U U…O¹U†US‌O¯O§O± UˆO¬UˆO¯ U†O¯O§O´Oa. O¯O± 6 U…UˆO±O¯OŒ U©O´Oa O­O§OµU„ O§O² OaUSOoU‡â€ŒU‡O§US U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³UƒUˆU¾ U‚O¨U„ O§O² O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ U…O«O¨Oa O¨UˆO¯. UO±O§UˆO§U†US U…UˆO§O±O¯ UˆU‚UˆO¹ U¯U„UˆO¯O±O¯ O¯O± U…O±O­U„O© O¨O¹O¯ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¯O± O¨USU…O§O±O§U† O¯Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ O¨U‡â€ŒOaO±OaUSO¨ 5/62% Uˆ 9/52% O¨UˆO¯ (05/ 0<(P . O¨USU† U…UˆO§O±O¯ UƒO´Oa U…O«O¨Oa O­U„U‚ U‚O¨U„ Uˆ O¨O¹O¯ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¨O§ U…USO²O§U† UˆU‚UˆO¹ Uˆ O´O¯Oa U¯U„UˆO¯O±O¯ O§O±OaO¨O§O·US UˆO¬UˆO¯ U†O¯O§O´Oa. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: U…O·O§U„O¹O© O¨O§U©OaO±UŒâ€ŒO´U†O§O³UŒ O±UˆUŒ OaUŒOoO© U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³U©UˆU¾ U†O´O§U† O¯O§O¯ U©U‡ O±UˆO´ U¾O§UƒO³O§O²US U…OaO¯O§UˆU„ OaUSOoU‡â€ŒU‡O§US U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³UƒUˆU¾ O±UˆO´ U…O¤O«O±US O¨U‡â€ŒU†O¸O± U…US‌O±O³O¯. O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² U¾UˆO´O´ U†O§USU„UˆU†US O¨O± O±UˆUS OaUSOoU‡ U‡O§US U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³UƒUˆU¾ OaO£O«UŒO±UŒ O¨O± O¢U„UˆO¯U¯US O­U„U‚ Uˆ U†USO² U¯U„Uˆ O¯O±O¯ U¾O³ O§O² O¹U…U„ O¨USU…O§O±O§U† U†O¯O§O±O¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: U„O§O±U†U¯UˆO³UƒUˆU¾OŒ U¾UˆO´O´OŒ O¢U„UˆO¯U¯US O¨O§UƒOaO±USO§U„OŒ O­U„U‚OŒ U¯U„UˆO¯O±O¯

Chronic running exercise promotes spatial learning and memory in rats

Abstract: U…U‚O¯U…U‡: UŒO§UOaU‡â€ŒU‡O§UŒ U¾U˜UˆU‡O´â€ŒU‡O§UŒ U¯O°O´OaU‡ U†O´O§U† O¯U‡U†O¯U‡â€ŒUŒ O§O«O±O§Oa U…UUŒO¯ UˆO±O²O´ O¨O± U…OoO² O¨UˆO¯U‡â€ŒO§U†O¯O› O§U„U‚O§UŒ OaOoUSUSO±O§Oa O³O§O®OaU…O§U†UŒ O¯O± O³USU†O§U¾O³â€ŒU‡O§OŒ U†UˆO±UˆU†â€ŒO²O§USUS O¯O± U‡USU¾UˆUƒO§U…U¾OŒ O§UO²O§UŒO´ U†UˆO±UˆOaO±O§U†O³U…USOaO±U‡O§ Uˆ O§O±OaU‚O§UŒ USO§O¯U¯USO±US Uˆ O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ UO¶O§USUS O§O² O§UŒU† O¬U…U„U‡ O§O³Oa. O±UˆO´ U‡O§: OaO¹O¯O§O¯ 40 O³O± U…UˆO´ OµO­O±O§UŒUŒ U†O± O¯O± U†U‡O§O± U¯O±UˆU‡ O¯U‡ OaO§USUSOŒ U©U†OaO±U„OŒ 8OŒ 30 Uˆ 40 O±UˆO² UˆO±O²O´ OaU‚O³UŒU… O´O¯U†O¯O› O¨O±O§US O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ UO¶O§USUSOŒ O´O§O®Oµâ€ŒU‡O§US O·UˆU„ U…O³O§UOa O·US O´O¯U‡ Uˆ U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† OaO£O®USO± O¯O± USO§UOaU† O³UƒUˆ Uˆ O¨O±O§US O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ O·UˆU„O§U†US U…O¯OaOŒ O¯O±OµO¯ O²U…O§U† OµO±U O´O¯U‡ U…O­O§O³O¨U‡ Uˆ OaO­U„UŒU„ O¯O§O¯U‡â€ŒU‡O§ O¨O§ O§O³OaUO§O¯U‡ O§O² O¢U†O§U„UŒO² UˆO§O±UŒO§U†O³ O§U†O¬O§U… O´O¯. UŒO§UOaU‡ U‡O§: U¯O±UˆU‡ 40 O±UˆO² UˆO±O²O´OŒ O¯O± O´O§O®Oµâ€ŒU‡O§US O·UˆU„ U…O³O§UOa (01/0p<) Uˆ U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† OaO£O®USO± (05/0p<) Uˆ U¯O±UˆU‡ 30 O±UˆO² UˆO±O²O´OŒ O¯O± O´O§O®Oµ O·UˆU„ U…O³O§UOa O¯O§O±O§UŒ OaUO§UˆOa U…O¹U†UŒâ€ŒO¯O§O± (05/0p<) O¨O§ U¯O±UˆU‡ U©U†OaO±U„ O¨UˆO¯U†O¯. O¯O± O´O§O®Oµ O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ O·UˆU„O§U†UŒ U…O¯OaOŒ U‡O± O³U‡ U¯O±UˆU‡ UˆO±O²O´ UƒO±O¯U‡ O¯O§O±O§UŒ OaUO§UˆOa U…O¹U†UŒâ€ŒO¯O§O± O¨O§ U¯O±UˆU‡ U©U†OaO±U„ O¨UˆO¯U†O¯. U†OaUŒO¬U‡ U¯UŒO±UŒ: O¨O§ O§UO²O§UŒO´ O·UˆU„ U…O¯Oa O²U…O§U† UˆO±O²O´OŒ O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ UO¶O§USUS O§UO²O§USO´ U…US‌USO§O¨O¯OŒ O§U…O§ O§O­OaU…O§U„ U…UŒâ€ŒO±UˆO¯ O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ O·UˆU„O§U†US U…O¯Oa O¨UŒO´OaO± OaO­Oa OaO£O«USO± UˆO±O²O´US UƒU‡ O§O² U†O¸O± O²U…O§U†UŒ U†O²O¯USUƒâ€ŒOaO± O¨U‡ UO¹O§U„USOa O°U‡U†US O¨O§O´O¯OŒ U‚O±O§O± ‌U¯USO±O¯. O¨U‡ U†O¸O± U…UŒâ€ŒO±O³O¯ O§USU† OaUO§UˆOaOŒ O¨U‡ O¹U„Oa U…U©O§U†UŒO³U…‌U‡O§UŒ U…O®OaU„U O§O«O± UˆO±O²O´ O¨O§O´O¯. O¨O±O§UŒ U…O«O§U„ UˆO±O²O´ UƒUˆOaO§U‡ U…O¯Oa O¨O§O¹O« O§UO²O§USO´ mRNA O³USU†O§U¾O³USU† I O¯O± O³O·O­ O³U„UˆU„ Uˆ UˆO±O²O´ O·UˆU„O§U†UŒ U…O¯Oa O¨O§O¹O« O§UO²O§UŒO´ 2Uˆ1MAPK Uˆ U¾O±UˆOaO¦USU†â€ŒU‡O§US O§U†OaU‚O§U„ UˆO²USUƒUˆU„US U…US‌O´UˆO¯. UˆO§U˜U¯O§U† U©U„UŒO¯UŒ: O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ UO¶O§USUSOŒ U‡USU¾UˆUƒO§U…U¾OŒ U…O§O² O¢O¨USOŒ O­O§UO¸U‡â€ŒUŒ O·UˆU„O§U†US U…O¯Oa

Comparison of different invasive types of refractive errors operation

Abstract: methods of ammetropia of human eye correction are divided into invasive and non invasive methods. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Each method has limitations due to the type of compensation; therefore it is difficult to make a straight forward decision. In this study we tried to compare the results of methods to find out their predictability, Uncorrected Visual Acuity, safety and stability. Background: We investigated data of 24012 patients of different operation types in published papers by using the following keywords: Conductive Keratoplasty (CK), Hyperopic Thermokeratoplasty (HTK), Diode Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (DTK), Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (LTK), Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Laser SubEpithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK). The criteria for selection of papers were safety, predictability, stability and uncorrected visual acuity. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test. Methods: For those patients with hypermetropia less than 3.5 diopter, CK and LTK have best correction results, respectively. Then the results of PRK and LASEK were the same. For all range of myopia, LASEK provided the best results and then LASIK was proper for moderate and higher myopia refractive errors, and PRK was useful in low myopia refractive anomalies.