Showing papers in "Journal of Maps in 2014"
TL;DR: In this paper, the WBCS of Rivas-Martinez was applied to the Italian territory and surrounding areas between latitudes 35°47′-46°60′ N and longitudes 5°92′-21°39′ E.
Abstract: The worldwide bioclimatic classification system (WBCS) of Rivas-Martinez was applied to the Italian territory and surrounding areas between latitudes 35°47′–46°60′ N and longitudes 5°92′–21°39′ E. The ‘WorldClim’ precipitation and temperature dataset was used as the source data. Application of the WBCS in a geographic information system allowed the production of macrobioclimates, bioclimates, ombrotypes, continentality, compensated thermicity index and ombro-evaporal index maps at a scale of 1:5,500,000, and a map of thermotypes at a scale of 1:2,250,000. Moreover, the isobioclimates of Italy are identified and quantified in terms of areas. These maps are available here as raster datasets (1 km spatial resolution) and are useful for: (i) rapid bioclimatic diagnosis of the Italian territories; and (ii) vegetation–environment relationship modeling at the national scale.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a map of the Tatra Mts. and its foreland for the last glacial maximum (LGM) at the scale 1:50 000.
Abstract: The Tatra Mountains extend along the border between Slovakia and Poland in the Western Carpathians. It is the highest and formerly one of the most glaciated massifs in the entire Carpathian mountain chain. We present a paleoglaciological map of the Tatra Mts. and its foreland (ca. 1270 km2) for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at the scale 1:50 000. We re-evaluate geomorphological evidence for all Tatra glacial systems identified in the literature based on new field mapping and remote sensing data analysis. Utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) and 10 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) as a base topography, we have reconstructed, for the first time, the detailed extent and surface geometry of all Tatra LGM glaciers (55 glacier systems, total area ca. 280 km2) based on the distribution of glacial erosional and depositional landforms. Our research results confirm stronger glaciation on the southern slopes of the Tatras due to local topography. We also conclude that distinct morainic amphithea...
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a geomorphological map of the landforms created by five large ice lobes that extended eastwards from the southernmost reaches of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the Quaternary period is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a glacial geomorphological map of the landforms created by five large ice lobes that extended eastwards from the southernmost reaches of the Patagonian Ice Sheet during the Quaternary period. The study is focussed on Tierra del Fuego, but also updates previous mapping of the Skyring and Otway lobes, and the resulting level of detail and extent is a significant advance on previous work in the region. The map has been created as the necessary precursor for an improved understanding of the glacial history of the region, and to underpin a programme of dating glacial limits in the region. It was produced using Landsat ETM+ and ASTER satellite imagery and vertical aerial photography, supplemented by Google Earth™ imagery and field-checking. Eleven landform types were mapped: moraine ridges, subdued moraine topography, kettle-kame topography, glacial lineations, irregular and regular hummocky terrain, irregular dissected ridges, eskers, meltwater channels, former shorelines and outwash plains. The map reveals three important characteristics of the glacial geomorphology. First, the geomorphic systems are largely dominated by landforms associated with meltwater (channels, outwash plains and kettle-kame topography). Second, there is a difference in the nature of landforms associated with the northern three ice lobes, where limits are generally marked by numerous clear moraine ridges, compared to those to the south, where hummocky terrain and drift limits prevail. Finally, cross-cutting landforms offer evidence of multiple advances, in places, which has implications for the timing of limit deposition, and thus for the design and interpretation of a dating programme.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the reconnaissance and the characterization of landslides of north-eastern Calabria (south Italy) by combining field surveys with the analysis of topographic maps and multi-temporal air photos, taken in the period ranging from 1954 to 2006.
Abstract: Landslides are one of the most widespread natural hazards in many areas of Calabria region (Southern Italy), due to the combination of its peculiar geological, morphological, and climatic characteristics and very often to unsustainable land management. This study reports the reconnaissance and the characterization of landslides of north-eastern Calabria (south Italy). The landslide inventory map was obtained by combining field surveys with the analysis of topographic maps and multi-temporal air photos, taken in the period ranging from 1954 to 2006. This analysis has provided the spatial and temporal evolution of mass movements. The integration and elaboration of the data obtained in a GIS environment provided the inventory map of landslides on a scale 1:50,000. Landslides are widespread in the study area and play an important role in the present-day landscape evolution. A total of 1003 landslides were recognized, occupying a surface of 230.4 km2, about 30.5% of the whole study area. The landslides were ma...
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the methodology applied to compile the bathymetric map of the west side of the Adriatic Sea at basin scale (1:750,000) and described the main morphological units that characterise the seafloor and reflect its main geological features.
Abstract: The Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR-CNR) has conducted several research projects on the Italian side of the Adriatic Sea over more than 15 years, collecting bathymetric, geophysical and sediment core data to perform multidisciplinary studies of modern sediment dynamics and of past environmental changes during the last eustatic cycle. A crucial step in this direction was the construction of a detailed bathymetry, a time-consuming task due to the extensive shallow water portion of the basin. Given the setting of the Adriatic Sea and the long-lasting research effort, the bathymetric map is necessarily based on heterogeneous data with uneven spatial distribution of Single-Beam echo-soundings. The main objective of this work is to illustrate the methodology applied to compile the bathymetric map of the west side of the Adriatic Sea at basin scale (1:750,000) and to describe the main morphological units that characterise the seafloor and reflect its main geological features. This bathymetry can also be used i...
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on assessing and mapping flood hazard, risk and vulnerability of the Mekong delta in terms of food security and socio-economic development of the region.
Abstract: The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has an important role in terms of food security and socio-economic development of the region. The VMD is a densely populated area and is a social and economic hotspot for coastal hazard risks and vulnerability. The amount of people exposed to flooding, storm surges and seasonal river floods in VMD is estimated to increase as the sea level rises, land-use changes and urbanization in flood-prone areas is growing. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on assessing and mapping flood hazard, risk and vulnerability of the Mekong delta. There are many flood hazard and risk studies carried out in the VMD, however very little is done with respect to vulnerability. The region is facing a rapid economic growth and vulnerability to floods becomes an important issue to be addressed.The study presented here focuses on mapping of the vulnerability of the VMD, based on the situation in the area and on the available data. The study evaluates the VMD districts from vulnerability point of vie...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the methodology used to develop snow depth distribution maps for a small catchment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees covering 55'ha in a 1:10,000 scale.
Abstract: This paper presents the methodology used to develop snow depth distribution maps for a small catchment in the Central Spanish Pyrenees covering 55 ha in a 1:10,000 scale. The Main Map was obtained using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) technology from a long-range Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) in six field surveys undertaken during the 2012 winter–spring period. This technique enabled the acquisition of information at a very high resolution concerning the spatial variability of snow cover, providing snow depth information for remote areas where data acquisition is complex and hazardous. We describe the methodological steps and the quality assessment applied in developing the maps. Comparison with manual measurements confirmed the reliability of the snow depth maps, including areas located at large distances from the scanner (800 m). This method provides a promising tool for future investigations of snow dynamics in mountainous environments.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a cyber-cartographic application designed to address this issue and provide solutions to help properly map some of the many dimensions of narratives, including the places of the narration (geography), the connection between these places (geometry), as well as the temporal dimension inherent to storytelling.
Abstract: Narratives and places are deeply connected. Places often contribute to the shaping of a story, just as stories contribute to the production of spatial identities. Mapping narratives can thus have a double goal: to explore the geographic structure of a story, and to better understand the impact of stories on the production of places. While it may be easy to locate narratives as points on a map, this type of representation is rarely relevant in capturing and characterising the complex spatio-temporal dimensions of the narratives. In this paper, we present a cyber-cartographic application designed to address this issue and provide solutions to help properly map some of the many dimensions of narratives, including the places of the narration (geography), the connection between these places (geometry), as well as the temporal dimension inherent to storytelling. This application, originally developed to map contemporary Canadian cinematographic narratives (see examples here: http://scaquard.classone-tech.com/),...
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a community map is built on participatory mapping and participatory GIS practices (especially photo mapping) and links to advanced spatial analysis in the context of disaster risk reduction and flood hazard assessment in Mozambique.
Abstract: Detailed maps, appropriate for decision making at the local level are outdated or currently not available in Mozambique. The community map presented in this paper is built on participatory mapping and Participatory GIS practices (especially photo mapping) and links to advanced spatial analysis in the context of disaster risk reduction and flood hazard assessment. Based on a very high-resolution satellite imagery, community members mapped different features such as the community boundary, settlement areas and their names, agricultural areas, important infrastructure and most importantly ‘low’ and ‘high risk’ zones for floods. It has been for the first time that a community was mapped in Mozambique in such a way integrating local knowledge. The identification of hazard zones in a participatory manner was seen as one way to overcome the bottleneck of limited available data for a proper GIS-based hazard modeling. Next to the digitization of the community mapped features, an image classification on land use, s...
35 citations
TL;DR: Delhi, Mumbai, Lahore, Karachi, Chennai, Colombo and Dhaka are shown to be important nodes for the infrastructural integration of South Asia, as these cities mediate flows between relatively unconnected communities and cities.
Abstract: This map summarizes information on the connectivity of 67 important South Asian cities concerning infrastructure networks. The map combines four information layers to reveal a city's overall stature in the region's infrastructure networks, i.e. rail, road, air, and information technology networks. Three dimensions of connectivity are shown: edge thickness reflecting tie strength between pairs of cities; node size reflecting a city's betweenness centrality; and node color reflecting the dominant geographical orientation of a city's connections. A threshold is used for the edges to ensure the map does not appear clogged. The map shows that major connections tend to be within-country linkages between large cities. There are five communities in South Asia's urban infrastructure networks, which largely follow national borders. Delhi, Mumbai, Lahore, Karachi, Chennai, Colombo and Dhaka are shown to be important nodes for the infrastructural integration of South Asia, as these cities mediate flows between relati...
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report an analysis of the spatial drought patterns for a region of southern Italy (Calabria) based on a homogenous monthly precipitation data set of 129 rain gauges for the period 1916-2006.
Abstract: This study reports an analysis of the spatial drought patterns for a region of southern Italy (Calabria) based on a homogenous monthly precipitation data set of 129 rain gauges for the period 1916–2006. Drought was expressed using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and drought events were analyzed using both the short-time (3 and 6 months) and the long-time (12 and 24 months) SPI. In particular, in order to characterize the SPI spatial pattern, index data of the three most severe drought events were interpolated and mapped using a geostatistical approach. Results show that these heavy drought episodes have widely affected the Calabria region and the drought that occurred in 2002 was the worst in terms of spatial extent both at short- and long-time scales.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a tectonic-geomorphological map (scale 1:40,000) of the Abruzzo Apennines, which is the result of a morphotectonic investigation of the middle Aterno River valley, which includes the area from the western L'Aquila-Coppito basin to the Paganica-San Demetrio basin and to the Castelnuovo-Civitaretenga basin.
Abstract: After the 6 April, 2009 normal faulting L'Aquila earthquake (Mw 6.3), the attention of many scientists was drawn to the Abruzzo Apennines. Until that time few studies had addressed the geomorphological and morphotectonic features of this area and none to extensive geomorphological mapping.The tectonic-geomorphological map (scale 1:40,000) presented in this work is the result of a morphotectonic investigation of the middle Aterno River valley, which includes the area from the western L'Aquila-Coppito basin (to the northwest) to the Paganica–San Demetrio basin and to the Castelnuovo–Civitaretenga basin (to the southeast).The map is implemented within a GIS environment by means of: DEM and map-based cartographic analysis and morphometry of orography and hydrography (raster and vector data scale 1:25,000, 10 m grid DEM), photogeological analysis (scale 1:10,000), structural geomorphological field mapping (scale 1:10,000), basin fill geometry analysis (geophysical and borehole investigations) and tectonic–geom...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate landslide susceptibility mapping in regional scale, considering the spatial stationarity of the relationship between landslide susceptibility and its influencing factors, and examine if this relationship is spatial non-stationary via the application of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR).
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate landslide susceptibility mapping in regional scale, considering the spatial stationarity of the relationship between landslide susceptibility and its influencing factors. Landslides are among the most severe natural hazards and their management has a key role to human safety. During the last decades, a significant number of GIS-based methods for landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, contemporary methods for landslide susceptibility analysis have been applied. The latter include global and local regression analysis aiming to study the relationship between landslide occurrence and its determinants. This paper also examines if this relationship is spatial non-stationary via the application of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The proposed methodology has been applied in the Peloponnese peninsula, in South Greece. To examine the factors responsible for the occurrence of a landslide event; topogra...
TL;DR: In this paper, a multivariate and geostatistical methodology to map viticultural terroirs at the province scale (1:125,000) is presented, based upon the creation of a GIS storing all the viticultural and oenological legacy data of experimental vineyards (1989-2009).
Abstract: This work aimed at setting up a multivariate and geostatistical methodology to map viticultural terroirs at the province scale (1:125,000). The methodology is based upon the creation of a GIS storing all the viticultural and oenological legacy data of experimental vineyards (1989–2009), long-term climate data, digital elevation model, soilscapes (land systems) and legacy data of soil profiles.Environmental parameters related to viticulture, selected by an explorative PCA, were: elevation, mean annual temperature, mean soil temperature, annual precipitation, clay, sand and gravel content of soils, soil water availability, redoximorphic features and rooting depth.The variables interpolated using geostatistical methods, were used for a k-means clustering aimed to map the Natural Terroir Units (NTU). Vineyards of the province of Siena was subdivided into 9 NTU.Both the historical DOCG (Chianti Classico, Brunello di Montalcino and Nobile di Montepulciano) and other DOCs were characterized by three or four NTU,...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an updated inventory of present-day (2006) glaciers in the Western and South Western Piedmont Alps (situated in the provinces of Turin and Cuneo).
Abstract: Glaciers are widely recognized as the best terrestrial indicators of climate change. Nevertheless, changes that have occurred since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) are often poorly understood. In Italy, glacier front variations in the last 100 years have been well documented, thanks to the efforts of the Italian Glaciological Committee (Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, CGI), which coordinates annual surveys on all glaciers, since 1927, in order to measure their front positions. However, although front variations are the easiest measurements to take in the field, they only partially describe changes that occur on the entire glacial mass. Moreover, the last national glacier inventory dates back to 1957–1958, which was promoted by the CGI on the occasion of the International Geophysical Year. Authors of the present work herein provide an updated inventory of present-day (2006) glaciers in the Western and South-Western Piedmont Alps (situated in the provinces of Turin and Cuneo). Along with the present-day...
TL;DR: In this paper, a geomorphological map of the Rotolon landslide is presented using a combination of accurate field surveys together with airborne Lidar analysis, aerial photo interpretation and thermographic field surveys within a GIS.
Abstract: In this paper a geomorphological map of the Rotolon landslide is presented. This cartographic product was obtained using a combination of accurate field surveys together with airborne Lidar analysis, aerial photo interpretation and thermographic field surveys within a GIS. The map was prepared in order to analyze the morphological features of the landslide and therefore improve interpretation of the GB-InSAR data. This monitoring device was installed on the site after the detachment of a debris mass of 225,000 m3 on 4 November 2010. The main purpose of the post-event activities, including the geomorphological characterization, was to detect the processes acting on the landslide, evaluate the hazard related to each phenomenon, understand the landslide kinematics and define the residual risk for the area.The geomorphological map suggests that debris production and detachment are hazardous phenomena that involve the surficial detrital cover of a bigger and more complex landslide. The latter has the typical c...
TL;DR: Shoreline mapping is extremely important in order to determine the dynamic nature of coastal areas as mentioned in this paper, where the authors presented a shoreline mapping of the Sagar Island delta, Sundarban region, India.
Abstract: Shoreline mapping is extremely important in order to determine the dynamic nature of coastal areas. This paper presents shoreline mapping of the Sagar Island delta, Sundarban region, India. The island is part of mangrove ecosystem and is facing constant erosion and deposition from tidal action and cyclonic storms which have made this an area of unique importance. Mapping of shoreline has been performed 1951 to 2011 and change in the land-water boundary of the island calculated. Further shoreline prediction is performed on the basis of the extracted shorelines using the End point Rate model with a micro-level grid-based approach. The predicted maps have been validated using ground control points. Three images from 1951, 1990 and 2011 have been used for the mapping and detection of changes in the island area and shoreline over 60 years.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used kernel density surfaces to construct fire occurrence zones in Greece using historical wildland fire ignition observations at national level in Greece, where the observed distribution was statistically significantly different than the expected one that arises under complete spatial randomness.
Abstract: The focus of our study was to create a Main Map of fire occurrence zones from historical wildland fire ignition observations at national level in Greece using a Kernel Density estimation procedure. Kernel density estimation, a non parametric statistical method for estimating probability densities, has been widely used for home range estimation in wildlife ecology. It has the advantage of directly producing density estimates that are not influenced by grid size and localization effects. Furthermore, it produces densities of any shape and analyzes any data distributed multi-modally or non-normally. Under this perspective, kernel density surfaces have been created to construct fire occurrence zones. Their observed distribution was statistically significantly different than the expected one that arises under complete spatial randomness. A smoothing effect is certainly observed when increasing the bandwidth size of the kernel density interpolation. Excluding the kernel size of 1000 meters, then the results do ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed geological survey of the middle-late Pleistocene terraces has been performed in this area and a new geologic map, at 1:150,000 scale, is described.
Abstract: The Tavoliere di Puglia is a large alluvial plain located in southern Italy (Foggia Province, Apulia Region). From a geological perspective view, it represents the northern part of the Bradanic trough located between the southern Apennine Chain and the Apulian Foreland. A detailed geological survey of the middle-late Pleistocene terraces has been performed in this area and a new geologic map, at 1:150,000 scale, is here described. Criteria to distinguish these units are based on the recognition of basal unconformity surfaces: seven different synthems (UBSU, Unconformity-bounded Stratigraphic Units) have been discriminated. The data are presented in a synthesis map in which the geometrical relationships between the different sedimentary units are shown. New results for this sector of the Bradanic trough are significantly different from previous literature data. Furthermore, the map allows a reliable reconstruction of the Tavoliere di Puglia paleogeography during the Late Quaternary. Moreover, a detailed ma...
TL;DR: A 1:12,000 geomorphological map of Fuentes Carrionas (Northern Spain) is presented in this paper, where the maps were developed using the IGUL (Institut de Geographie, Universite de Lausanne) geomorphology mapping legend.
Abstract: A 1:12,000 geomorphological map of Fuentes Carrionas (Northern Spain) is presented. Geomorphological landscapes maps are also shown to support map interpretation and show the area's geomorphological diversity. The maps were developed using the IGUL (Institut de Geographie, Universite de Lausanne) geomorphological mapping legend. This has been adapted to GIS scheme in order to use the map as a basis for further work. The IGUL legend has been demonstrated to be highly effective for mountain environments where the main morphogenetical agents are dynamic and climatic processes.
TL;DR: The map of the Aventino River Valley, at 1:25,000 scale, provides original mapping of the outermost sector of Central Apennines in the Abruzzi region as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Apenninic fold-and-thrust belt in Italy represents one of several interconnected circum-Mediterranean orogens developed after the Late Cretaceous – early Cenozoic closure of Tethys and convergence between the European and African plates. The Geological Map of the Aventino River Valley, at 1:25,000 scale, provides original mapping of the outermost sector of Central Apennines in the Abruzzi region. Focusing on detailed mapping of the crosscutting relationships between the main regional thrust faults and tectonically driven stratigraphic unconformities, the map describes the complex structural and stratigraphic relationships between the Outer Abruzzi units (i.e. Porrara Unit), Apulia – Adriatic deformed units (i.e. Majella and Casoli Units), and the allochthonous Molise and Sicilide units. These tectono-stratigraphic relationships result from four main tectonic stages that occurred sequentially over a short time interval from late Messinian to early Pliocene.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first systematic glacial geomorphological assessment of the Tweedsmuir Hills, covering approximately 300 km2 with the map designed to be presented at A0.
Abstract: The Quaternary glacial history of the Tweedsmuir Hills, Central Southern Uplands, Scotland, has received little attention since the 1980s, with earlier studies focussing on single lines of geomorphic evidence in isolated valleys. This study presents the first systematic glacial geomorphological assessment of the region, covering approximately 300 km2 with the map designed to be presented at A0. Mapping from remotely sensed imagery and field investigation reveal a large number of moraines and meltwater channels, both within valleys and occasionally extending to the plateau, alongside a range of peri- and para-glacial features, including solifluction lobes, alluvial fans, debris cones, river terraces and rock slope failures. Aspects of the mapped geomorphology are consistent with plateau icefield landsystems mapped elsewhere in Britain and this will hopefully form the basis for palaeoglaciological reconstructions which will improve our understanding of the extent and dynamics of former ice masses in the region.
TL;DR: In this paper, a gridded cartogram approach is introduced and illustrated with examples drawn from data documenting globally significant earthquakes that have occurred since 2150 BC, where each individual grid cell is resized according to specific quantitative information.
Abstract: The assessment of natural events that can turn into disasters where people live is usually accompanied by maps visualising the specific topic in its spatial setting and putting the physical environment into the main focus. Such conventional mapping approaches, however, can often fail to give an intuitive understanding of the underlying quantitative dimension of the associated risk to people and a fuller appreciation of the interrelation between humans and their natural environment. The method presented here demonstrates an alternative way of mapping environmental risk. A gridded cartogram approach is introduced and illustrated with examples drawn from data documenting globally significant earthquakes that have occurred since 2150 BC. Gridded cartograms are a new map projection. They are created by starting with an equally distributed grid onto which a density-equalising cartogram technique is applied. Each individual grid cell is resized according to specific quantitative information. The underlying grid ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of forest vulnerability zones (FVZ) constitutes an alternative to existing zones of forest health hazard caused by emissions, based on subjective classification of existing incidence of damage in forests.
Abstract: The accompanying Main Map shows forest vulnerability zones calculated for the Czech Republic, covering a total area of almost 79,000 km2. Calculating forest vulnerability zones over such a large area requires a unique approach due to its complexity. The map includes additional information on forest areas and topography. The model of forest vulnerability zones (FVZ) constitutes an alternative to existing zones of forest health hazard caused by emissions. It was created based on subjective classification of existing incidence of damage in forests. Moreover, the model of forest vulnerability zones estimates the risk of forest health degradation caused by abiotic factors.
TL;DR: In this article, a rapid mapping method has been developed to derive urban development over five time periods between 1886 and 1995 from scanned Ordnance Survey historical maps, and the resulting map of urban development in Worcester (scale 1:20,000) shows that almost half of the recorded pluvial flood incidents occurred in areas built up between 1956 and 1975, which contradicts local belief that an outdated (Victorian) drainage system causes most of the problems.
Abstract: Between 2004 and 2008 the city of Worcester, UK experienced a number of pluvial flood events. The causes of this kind of flooding are the topic of ongoing research. This paper describes a study that aimed to investigate the urban development of Worcester over time in relation to the location of recorded pluvial flood incidents. A novel rapid mapping methods has been developed to derive urban development over five time periods between 1886 and 1995 from scanned Ordnance Survey historical maps. The technique compared well with manual digitization results with k-hat values ranging from 0.67 to 0.87 for the land use maps created for different time periods. The technique performed least well for the oldest map series, due to misclassification of the abundant symbols and annotation. The method will be particularly beneficial for investigation of town/city development in time over large areas. The resulting map of urban development in Worcester (scale 1:20,000) shows that almost half of the recorded pluvial flood incidents occurred in areas built up between 1956 and 1975, which contradicts local belief that an outdated (Victorian) drainage system causes most of the problems. The quality of the post World War II developments is more likely to be a source for concern.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an updated synthesis of the geology and geomorphology of the Tavoliere di Puglia plain and provide a firm foundation for further, more detailed studies.
Abstract: This manuscript outlines the different sedimentary deposits that characterise the Tavoliere di Puglia plain (the second largest Italian plain). The plain is largely covered by Quaternary terrace deposits that unconformably lie on older deposits, most commonly the argille subappennine unit.The outcropping units have been divided into categories of descending rank: the first subdivision is made on the basis of geological domain; within each domain a subdivision of lower rank is based on age; within each age a further subdivision is based on the nature of the sediments.The main map presents an updated synthesis of the geology and geomorphology of the Tavoliere di Puglia plain and provides a firm foundation for further, more detailed studies.
TL;DR: A detailed glacial main map of the Great Glen region of Scotland, UK, covering an area of over 6800 km2 extending from 56°34′7″ to 57°41′1″ N and from 3°44′2″ to 5°33′24″ W was presented in this article.
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed glacial Main Map of the Great Glen region of Scotland, UK, covering an area of over 6800 km2 extending from 56°34′7″ to 57°41′1″ N and from 3°44′2″ to 5°33′24″ W. This represents the first extensive mapping of the glacial geomorphology of the Great Glen and builds upon previous studies that conducted localised field mapping or ice-sheet wide mapping using remote sensing. Particular emphasis is placed on deriving medium-scale glacial retreat patterns from these data, and examining differences in landsystem assemblages across the region. Features were typically mapped at a scale of 1:8000 to 1:10,000 and will be used to investigate the pattern and dynamics of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during deglaciation. Mapping was conducted using the NEXTMap digital terrain model. In total, 17,637 glacial landforms were mapped, with 58% identified as moraines, 23% as meltwater channels, 10% as bedrock controlled glacial lineations, 3% as eskers, 2% as cirques or aretes, 2% as kame topography or kame terraces, and 1% as drumlins. Additionally, 10 palaeo-lake shorelines were identified. Complex landform assemblages in the form of streamlined subglacial bedforms, moraines and glaciofluvial features exist across the region. Extensive subglacial meltwater networks are found over the Monadhliath Mountain Range. Transverse and longitudinal moraine ridges generally arc across valley floors or are located on valley slopes respectively. Hummocky moraines are found almost exclusively across Rannoch Moor. Finally, eskers, meltwater channels and kame landforms form spatial relationships along the axis of Strathspey. These glacial landsystems reveal the dynamics and patterns of retreat of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to link land use-land cover maps to available statistical information, such as census information and business activities, which allow land parcels to be more accurately classified.
Abstract: Land Use – Land Cover (LULC) maps have developed remarkably since the global community became aware of the importance of knowing where LULC change is taking place on the Earth's surface. The rapid evolution of geographic information data handling and the automation of satellite image interpretation through remote sensing techniques and algorithms is providing increasingly abundant and up-to-date information on LULC. In addition, at large detail scales, it is important to link LULC maps to available statistical information, such as census information and business activities, which allow land parcels to be more accurately classified. Though automated classification methods can produce useful maps at smaller detail scales, it is not usually possible to accurately map urban areas at large scales without considerable investment of human resources. The development of large-scale information for urban areas is very important, especially in urban areas with accelerated rates of urban change which may jeopardize n...
TL;DR: A map of the long-term changes in the level of land sensitivity to degradation for Italy, presented at a scale of 1:1,300,000, is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The study introduces a map of the long-term changes in the level of land sensitivity to degradation for Italy, presented at a scale of 1:1,300,000. According to the Environmental Sensitive Area (ESA) approach, the national territory was divided into different classes of land sensitivity by assigning a score based on the observed changes in four themes (climate, soil, vegetation and land management) related to land degradation processes. The observed increase in the level of land sensitivity was rapid and spatially heterogeneous and reflects the decrease in land quality mainly due to human-derived landscape transformations. Maps illustrating the change in land sensitivity over a sufficiently long time period should be developed at country scale as a contribution to monitoring and dissemination of scientific results in the framework of the ‘Zero Net’ Land Degradation strategy introduced by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
TL;DR: The map of Mythical Creatures of Europe represents information on 213 mythical creatures of 68 types that are described in folk-lore of European countries compiled from data collected by MSc students in Cartography at Vilnius University in Lithuania in 2011.
Abstract: The map of Mythical Creatures of Europe represents information on 213 mythical creatures of 68 types that are described in folk-lore of European countries. It is compiled from data collected by MSc students in Cartography at Vilnius University in Lithuania in 2011, totalling approximately 1200 man hours. Among numerous sources of information on mythical creatures, this map and database are unique as they contain geographic references and information on the living environment of so many creatures. Only the most reliable information has been included in the informative and visually attractive wall map. The project included planning, analysis of feasibility, data collection, verification, generalisation and filtering, classification of information on mythical creatures, building the GIS database, analysis of data, and cartographic visualisation. The map described in this paper was finalised in 2012 and designed with special focus on attractiveness for the user. The reference scale of the printed map is 1:7,2...