Showing papers in "Journal of Marketing in 1970"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the relationship between the country product image and inter-regional marketing strategies, and find that U.S. products are perceived negatively by foreign consumers.
Abstract: How are U.S. products perceived by foreign consumers? How do these product images affect international marketing strategies? What are the relationships between the “country product” image and inter...
735 citations
TL;DR: Managers and researchers concerned with marketing and attitudinal research frequently encounter the problem of determining the number of rating scales to use and number of response categories to use as mentioned in this paper...
Abstract: Managers and researchers concerned with marketing and attitudinal research frequently encounter the problem of determining the number of rating scales to use and the number of response categories t...
242 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a framework for the evaluation of executive decisions and operations research in the field of decision making and operation research, which is based on the concepts of decision-making and operations.
Abstract: Executive decisions and operations research , Executive decisions and operations research , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
196 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that intelligent use of fear messages can have favorable effects on attitude change and action, yet the unique persuasive possibiliti cility of fear message has not yet been explored.
Abstract: Considerable social psychology and communications research show that intelligent use of fear messages can have favorable effects on attitude change and action. Yet the unique persuasive possibiliti...
186 citations
185 citations
TL;DR: A descriptive model of the variables and interrelationships in the conflict process is presented and suggests both a testable framework for researchers and a meaningful perspective for management.
Abstract: Little is known about the causes, measurement, management, and consequences of conflict in distribution and its effect on distribution channel performance. This article presents a descriptive model...
152 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that in-home shoppers are convenience oriented and find store shopping particularly difficult or unpleasant, and are likely to be "locked in" at home.
Abstract: Who are in-home shoppers? Are they convenience oriented? Do they find store shopping particularly difficult or unpleasant ? Are they likely to be “locked in” at home? This article suggests some ans...
142 citations
TL;DR: Recent developments in multidimensional scaling and nonmetric methods in analyzing associative data are discussed and it is speculated that such techniques will lead ultimately to more realistic prescriptive models and more rigorous formulations of buyer behavior.
Abstract: Progress in measurement theory and techniques of data analysis can be useful to both the management scientist and behavioralist. Recent developments in multidimensional scaling and nonmetric method...
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of social class as the best market segmentation variable needs to be critically re-examined and the authors present research findings drawn from a study of commercial bank credit card ho...
Abstract: The concept of social class as the best market segmentation variable needs to be critically re-examined. This article presents research findings drawn from a study of commercial bank credit card ho...
117 citations
TL;DR: The impact of marketing on society is increasing as marketing becomes broader in function and scope as mentioned in this paper, and the social responsibilities of marketing practitioners and educators are also expanding, and these r...
Abstract: The impact of marketing on society is increasing as marketing becomes broader in function and scope. The social responsibilities of marketing practitioners and educators are also expanding. These r...
105 citations
TL;DR: The implication that researchers pose neither important ethical nor social problems as discussed by the authors is not true, but rather, social criticisms of marketing usually spare marketing research, and the implication is that researchers do not pose any important ethical or social problems.
Abstract: Social criticisms of marketing usually spare marketing research … the implication being that researchers pose neither important ethical nor social problems. Is this true? Are there no marketing res...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors emphasize market and societal problems that underlie the recent upsurge of interest in consumerism and provide the basis for projections of the future of consumerism.
Abstract: What is consumerism, where did it come from, and where is it going? These are difficult questions at a time when the scope of consumerism is broadening rapidly. The authors emphasize market and societal problems that underlie the recent upsurge of interest in consumerism. Their analysis of causal factors provides the basis for projections of the future of consumerism. ONSUMERISM has played an expanding role in the environment of business decision makers. Despite wishful thinking by some, the following analysis of consumerism is as relevant today as it was in 1964 when it was written: 1. As evidenced by consumer agitation at the local-state-federal levels, business has failed to meet the total needs and desires of today's consumers. 2. Into this business-created vacuum, government forces have quickly moved to answer this consumer need. 3. The areas of consumer interest are so diverse that they offer government agencies and legislators almost limitless reasons for additional regulation of business and commerce. 4. If business managers want to avoid such new government regulations (with the attendant possibilities of excessive and punitive legislation), they will have to take positive action to demonstrate that the business interest is in more general accord with consumer's needs and wants.1 The ensuing six years has seen the passage of considerable consumerism legislation and a substantial broadening of the concept's scope. During this period one constant factor has been a lack of agreement on the extent of the influence of consumerism or its long-range implications. Businessmen have suffered from a myopia that comes from perceiving consumerism primarily in terms of markets with which they are very familiar. Their emphasis on the peculiarities of these few markets often leads them to overlook similar problems in other contexts and, thus, to discount the seriousness of the overall problem they face. Legislators and members of the consumer movement are more responsive to the broad problems facing consumers, but their lack of understanding of specific market situations too often leads to inappropriate diagnoses and solutions. Fortunately the two basic perspectives are demonstrating a healthy convergence. The goal of this paper is to encourage this convergence by putting consumerism into a perspective that will facilitate understanding.
TL;DR: In this paper, post-transaction communications from a retailer to recent purchasers were evaluated to assist consumers in reducing cognitive dissonance, and the results showed that posttransaction communication was effective in assisting consumers to reduce cognitive dissonances.
Abstract: Are certain post-transaction communications from a retailer to recent purchasers effective in assisting consumers in reducing cognitive dissonance? This question is evaluated. Also discussed are th...
TL;DR: In this paper, the marketing channel, for example, exerts substantial influence on the firm's internal activi cation, and the marketing channels have been shown to be a powerful influence on corporate organization and activities beyond conventional ownership limits.
Abstract: Corporate organization and activities extend beyond conventional ownership limits in a variety of ways. The marketing channel, for example, exerts substantial influence on the firm's internal activ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the forces underlying the present upsurge in consumer activity, and some of the dangers of the remedies proposed by some consumer advocates that heretofore have remained unexamined are con...
Abstract: Forces underlying the present upsurge in consumer activity are analyzed, and some of the dangers of the remedies proposed by some consumer advocates that heretofore have remained unexamined are con...
TL;DR: In this paper, the location of authority for marketing decisions within a particular multinational firm when problems of marketing on a multinational scale are considered is investigated, and the extent to which attention is paid to the locations of authority is discussed.
Abstract: Attention seldom is paid to the location of authority for marketing decisions within a particular multinational firm when problems of marketing on a multinational scale are considered. The extent o...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explain why the cigarette smoker continues to smoke in the face of torrents of data indicating the potential dangers of his habit, and why the mere whisper of danger caused cranberry sales to pl...
Abstract: Why does the cigarette smoker continue to smoke in face of torrents of data indicating the potential dangers of his habit? Conversely, why did the mere whisper of danger cause cranberry sales to pl...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify six major interrelated changes and comments about their managerial and research implications in the distributive industries, and discuss the implications of these changes on the management and research of these firms.
Abstract: Massive changes are taking place among firms in the distributive industries. These changes are as much qualitative as quantitative and defy objective appraisal on the basis of conventional data sources. The author identifies six major interrelated changes and comments about their managerial and research implications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the consumer movement of the 1st wave of consumer unrest has been studied, and the goals of consumer protest groups and how they are organized and who supports them.
Abstract: What are the causes of the current wave of consumer unrest? What are the goals of consumer protest groups? How are they organized? Who supports them? In this article, the consumer movement of the 1...
TL;DR: A synthesis of the changes in store for marketing in the 1970s is provided in this capstone articl... as mentioned in this paper, where the authors present the likely effects of these changes.
Abstract: What forces are bringing about changes in marketing? What are the likely effects of these changes? A synthesis of the changes in store for marketing in the 1970s is provided in this capstone articl...
TL;DR: A study of driving times for shoppers in seven shopping centers in Cleveland, Ohio was reported and compared by as discussed by the authors, who found that the driving times of shoppers in these centers determined customer preference for shopping centers.
Abstract: What determines customer preference for shopping centers? How important is driving time? A study of driving times for shoppers in seven shopping centers in Cleveland, Ohio is reported and compared ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how U.S. international advertising managers view cultural differences and how they relate to approaches to international advertising, and how these relate to the success of international advertising.
Abstract: This article describes how U.S. international advertising managers view cultural differences and how they relate to approaches to international advertising.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors emphasize market and sociability in consumerism, where did it come from, and where is it going, at a time when the scope of consumerism is broadening rapidly.
Abstract: What is consumerism, where did it come from, and where is it going? These are difficult questions at a time when the scope of consumerism is broadening rapidly. The authors emphasize market and soc...
TL;DR: For instance, the authors reported that if asked directly why they did not purchase instant coffee, people had been found to say "I don't like the flavor." This is a much more acceptable explanation than "People will think I am lazy and not a good wife."
Abstract: quoted pieces of research in marketing.1 That study, reported in 1950, supported three general conclusions. First, many products (such as instant coffee) have meaning and significance for consumers that go far beyond the physical attributes of the products themselves. Second, these hidden values in products are a major influence on the consumer's purchase decisions. Third, the identification and assessment of such motives require indirect approaches, such as projective techniques. To these conclusions drawn by Professor Haire can also be added the observation that convenience foods, such as instant coffee, carry a certain opprobrium. However, if asked directly why they did not purchase instant coffee, people had been found to say "I don't like the flavor." This is a much more acceptable explanation than "People will think I am lazy and not a good wife." The authors' hypothesis was that the differences between the "Maxwell House (Drip Grind)" housewife and the "Nescafe Instant" housewife which Haire identified in 1950 would not be found in 1968. There is strong evidence that convenience foods in general and instant coffee in particular have become much more acceptable to the American housewife. Soluble (i.e., instant) coffee sales have increased from less than 20% in 1955 to over 30% of total U.S. coffee sales in 1965. Well over half of the products on grocery store shelves in 1968 were not available to the consumer in 1957. The majority of new products offered to the housewife have been convenience items such as boil-in-the-bag frozen foods, baking mixes, prepared foods, snacks, canned meats, and dietetic foods.2
TL;DR: The prevailing concept of the sales manager's role has changed markedly from the beginning of this century; this is the era of the marketing concept as mentioned in this paper, and the author contends that busin...
Abstract: The prevailing concept of the sales manager's role has changed markedly from the beginning of this century; this is the era of the marketing concept. In this article, the author contends that busin...
TL;DR: Warranty service after sale is causing severe problems for marketing managers because the number of appliances and automobiles is growing more rapidly than human populations while service facilitie... as discussed by the authors...
Abstract: Warranty service after sale is causing severe problems for marketing managers because the number of appliances and automobiles is growing more rapidly than human populations while service facilitie...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the forces and developments shaping marketing education in the 1970s on the marketing discipline and on educational approaches are discussed, and opportunities and problems confront them.
Abstract: What will be the effects of the forces and developments shaping marketing education in the 1970s on the marketing discipline and on educational approaches? What opportunities and problems confront ...