journal of medical science and clinical research 

About: journal of medical science and clinical research is an academic journal published by IGM Publication. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 2767-8326. Over the lifetime, 7455 publications have been published receiving 6270 citations.

The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) In Bangladesh: A Descriptive Study

Abstract: COVID-19 was first confirmed in Bangladesh in 8 March, 2020. Here, we report results of a descriptive, and exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of 16 April, 2020. COVID-19 cases reported until 16 April, 2020 were extracted from official press briefings of IEDCR, DGHS, and MoHFW. Reports from different newspapers and online news portals were also reviewed. In Bangladesh, till 16 April, 2020, 17003 tests had been carried out which amounts 103 tests per million populations. These tests resulted in detection of 1572 confirmed COVID-19 cases over a period of 40 days. The female to male ratio of confirmed cases was 1:2.33. Of the total confirmed patients, 10% were 20 years of age or under, and 43% were in the age range of 21 to 40 years; elderly group over 60 years old were about 13%. Most cases (about 48.9%) reported that they lived in or had come to Dhaka within 14 days before the onset of illness or had been in close contact with any Dhaka resident. Healthcare providers constituted 4.83% (76) of the detected cases and among them 85.5% were doctors. Since the detection of the 1st case till 16 April, 2020, 106308 people were placed in home quarantine, 3875 were placed in institutional quarantine, and another 461 individuals had been placed in isolation. Among those who had been hospitalized, only 3.18% were discharged after recovery. With the numbers of deaths reaching 60, the case fatality rate (CFR) was 3.9%.COVID-19 is spreading throughout Bangladesh. Testing for infection is both inadequate and not easily accessible. Infections are occurring in all age groups and case fatality is quite high. Healthcare workers especially doctors are possibly at highest risk because of their occupation.

A Study on Surgical Site Infections in Abdominal surgeries

Abstract: Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most commonly reported nosocomial infection. Surgical site infections are responsible for increase in cost, morbidity, and mortality related to surgical operations. Surveillance with information feedback to surgeons and other medical staff has been shown to be an important element in the overall strategy to reduce the numbers of Surgical site infections (SSI). This study aims to study the prevalence of SSI in the Department of Surgery, Andhra medical college, Visakhapatnam Aims and objectives of the study: To determine the incidence and types of surgical site infections (SSIs) following abdominal surgeries Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken on patients admitted to general surgery units at the, Department of General Surgery, Andhra medical college, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. The study period in this super specialty teaching institution was one year. A total of 553elective surgical patients and 314 emergency surgical patients were included in the study. Results: The present study revealed 10.5% prevalence of SSI in department of general surgery, Andhra medical college. Vishakapatnam. Among the 3 types, superficial incision SSI was most prevalent followed by deep incisional SSI and finally by organ/space SSI. The surgical procedure most commonly associated with SSI was exploratory laparotomy. An alarming 19.42% of SSI was associated with emergency surgeries as compared to 7.05% of elective surgeries. Conclusion: The consequences of SSIs greatly impact patients and the healthcare systems. Prevention of SSI requires a multifaceted approach targeting pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors. It is imperative that facilities have open-minded management teams, regulatory agencies and medical associations that want to provide the foundation required to generate a culture of patient safety in our health care systems

Pterygium and Dry Eye- A Clinical Correlation

Abstract: Authors Dr Ann Tresa Antony, Dr Mini P.A, Dr Dalia.S Department of Ophthalmology, Govt.T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India Corresponding Author Dr Ann Tresa Antony Puthussery House, Piraroor P.O, Kalady, Ernakulam, 683574 Email: anntresaantony@gmail.com Abstract Purpose: To find the correlation between pterygium and dry eye. Materials & Methods: Hundred patients with unilateral pterygium who attended ophthalmology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital during a period of 1 and 1⁄2 years were included in the study. Slit lamp examination for marginal tear meniscus height, Tear film break up time, Schirmer’s test with anaesthesia, Schirmer’s test without anaesthesia, Rose Bengal staining were performed in both eyes of the patients. Test results were compared in pterygium eye and contralateral normal eye of the same patient. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of the 100 patients 59 were men, while 41 were women. The median age was 51.5 years. The mean of tear film break up time, Schirmer 1, Schirmer 2, staining score were 7.6 seconds, 12.4 mm, 9.1 mm and 0.5 in pterygium eyes and 11.2 seconds,17.0 mm, 14.6 mm and 0.2 in contralateral eyes respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye tests results between the pterygium eyes and the contralateral eyes (p value < 0.05). The relationship of pterygium parameters (thickness, size) between tear film break up time and schirmer tests were evaluvated.Tear film break up time was significantly reduced in thick pterygium. Both tear breakup time and Schirmer's test results had no correlation with the horizontal size of pterygium. On comparison of pterygium eye with contralateral eye, Odd’s Ratio was 10.44 showing increased risk of dry eye in pterygium. Conclusion: There is a significant association between pterygium and dry eye. Pterygium leads to abnormal tear film and development of dry eye.

Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Patients with Fever with Thrombocytopenia

Abstract: Introduction Thrombocytopenia is a disorder in which there are too few platelets in the blood. Platelets are small, disk-shaped cellular structures in the bloodstream that help the blood to clot. Thus thrombocytopenia is often characterized by excessive bleeding, including epistaxis and easy bruising. Thrombocytopenia can be diagnosed by a routine blood test. Thrombocytopenia arises for one of three reasons, the bone marrow may not produce enough platelets, too many platelets may be destroyed in the spleen, and thrombocytopenia can be caused by a variety of conditions. Acute fever with thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150,000) is a common clinical problem in our medical wards. Febrile thrombocytopenia is the thrombocytopenia associated with fever. Diseases which commonly present with fever and thrombocytopenia are malaria, leptospirosis, rickettsial infections, septicemia, typhoid, borreliosis, arbovirus such as dengue or yellow fever, rodent-borne viruses such as Hanta and Lassa fever, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), visceral leishmaniasis and TTP-HUS. 1