Showing papers in "Journal of Medicinal Food in 2021"
TL;DR: A systematic review aimed to evaluate studies to show whether C. longa compounds can still be considered in the therapeutic approach of patients with CD and UC, and the results of the randomized clinical trials showed promising results with the use of curcumin.
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe chronic inflammatory disorders related to a substantial reduction in the quality of life of patients. Some patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are refractory to conventional therapies, and Curcuma longa derivatives have been considered as adjuvants. Owing to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, some clinical trials used this plant in the therapeutic approach of IBD, and some meta-analyses evaluated the outcomes found in these studies. Owing to controversial findings, our systematic review aimed to evaluate these studies to show whether C. longa compounds can still be considered in the therapeutic approach of patients with CD and UC. MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched, and Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. The results of the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed promising results with the use of curcumin in the therapeutic approach of both UC and CD patients. Some meta-analyses show controversial results, possibly due to the presence of bias in the included studies. The actions of curcumin are achieved by several mechanisms, such as reducing the expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, it reduces the levels of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions and malondialdehyde. The results of using curcumin in CD and UC patients are challenging to be evaluated because RCTs are variable in the dose and the formulations of curcumin, in the time of treatment, and the route of administration. The number of patients in the samples is also usually small.
27 citations
TL;DR: The results of the crystal violet test indicate that H. sabdariffa calyx extracts and chlorhexidine alter the permeability of the bacterial membrane, which shows significantly greater antimicrobial effect than mouthwashes.
Abstract: To determine and compare the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, six types of commercial mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Cap...
18 citations
TL;DR: The results presented here may suggest that nanoencapsulated resveratrol isolated from the stems of V. vinifera to obtain NLC and CSNLC possess anticancer and apoptotic effects on cell proliferation, and therefore, can be used as new approach of pharmaceutical drugs.
Abstract: Resveratrol (RES) (trans-3, 5,-4′-trihydroxystilebene) is a multi-biofunctional compound found in a variety of plants such as grapes and mulberries Studies of nanoencapsulated resveratrol have ind
16 citations
TL;DR: The examination of the characteristics of COVID-19 infection revealed via the clinical studies suggests that Sumac extract could be useful in the treatment of COIDs, and the present review aims to provide an encouraging viewpoint to investigate whether Sumac is effective in treating CO VID-19.
Abstract: Sumac is an herbal product, commonly consumed as a spice and was used for medical treatment for centuries. The phytochemical structure of Sumac was studied extensively, and it was established that the herb contained tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids, and essential oils. Various scientific studies demonstrated that Sumac had a free oxygen radical-scavenging effect, a protective effect against liver damage, antihemolytic, leukopenia, and antifibrogenic effects, along with its antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Recently, several scientific studies described the pathophysiology, clinical course, and the treatment of COVID-19 infection. The examination of the characteristics of COVID-19 infection revealed via the clinical studies suggests that Sumac extract could be useful in the treatment of COVID-19. Given the scientific studies focusing on the beneficial effects of Sumac, the present review aims to provide an encouraging viewpoint to investigate whether Sumac is effective in treating COVID-19 infection.
16 citations
TL;DR: Cureit plays a significant role in the management of sarcopenia by anti-inflammatory action, increased hand grip strength, antifatigue effects, and muscle protein management.
Abstract: Sarcopenia represents the progressive loss of skeletal muscles, which occurs as a result of aging. Plant-derived phytochemicals have the potential ability to manage sarcopenial conditions. The rand...
16 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect on ovalbumin-induced AR rats, and further explored its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation.
Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the allergic nasal mucosa. It has a significant effect on quality life; most patients with AR also suffer from sleep disorders, mood disorders, and deterioration in social relationships. As increasing numbers of medicinal plants show productive anti-inflammatory activity against inflammatory diseases, there is growing interest in natural medicinal plant ingredients. To this end, we selected Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect on ovalbumin-induced AR rats, and we further explored its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation. We found that APS can alleviate the nasal symptom of AR rats and attenuate pathological alterations. APS also reduced the inflammatory cytokine levels. APS not only inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation but also inhibited NF-κB activation by decreasing NOD2 expression and blocking the phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65). In conclusion, APS can effectively improve the inflammatory symptoms of nasal mucosa in AR rats, which may be mediated by the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NOD2-mediated NF-κB activation. These findings indicate that APS has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for AR.
14 citations
TL;DR: The current data appear to indicate that the development of diabetes is associated with changes of VA metabolism, and more carefully designed clinical and laboratory experiments are needed to reveal the impacts of diabetes on VA metabolism and the role of VA in the development and treatment of diabetes.
Abstract: Recently, research data have shown that vitamin A (VA, retinol) as a micronutrient participates in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Since diabetes is a metabolic disease, it is imperative to reveal the relationship of VA and diabetes. This review was aimed to summarize the current understanding of VA and its metabolites in diabetes. Since April of 2020, the authors have searched the PubMed using key words and retrieved articles that focused on diabetes and VA or its metabolites. Based on the published data, it appears that the development of type 1 diabetes leads to reduction of blood VA level in human and animals, and increase of hepatic VA store in experimental animals. On the other hand, the mutual impacts of type 2 diabetes and VA intake and blood VA level on each other appear to be uncertain. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of VA, has been studied extensively for the treatment of diabetic complications. The current data appear to indicate that the development of diabetes is associated with changes of VA metabolism. More carefully designed clinical and laboratory experiments are needed to reveal the impacts of diabetes on VA metabolism and the role of VA in the development and treatment of diabetes.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to clarify which cognitive functions are positively affected by intake of l-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide), which has been shown to affect brain functions by relieving stress disorders, improving mood, and maintaining normal sleep.
Abstract: l-theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide), an amino acid in green tea, has been shown to affect brain functions by relieving stress disorders, improving mood, and maintaining normal sleep. However, the cognitive functions for which theanine is effective are unclear. This study aimed to clarify which cognitive functions are positively affected by intake of l-theanine. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted. The subjects were Japanese men and women aged 50-69 years. Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese version score was 24 or higher. Cognitrax was used as a test battery for cognitive function. Evaluations were performed before the intervention, after a single dose of l-theanine, and after 12 weeks of regular intake. The single dose of l-theanine reduced the reaction time to attention tasks (Stroop test, Part 1), and it increased the number of correct answers and decreased the number of omission errors in working memory tasks (4-Part continuous performance test, Part 4). In conclusion, our study indicated that l-theanine may contribute to improving attention, thus enhancing working memory and executive functions. Clinical Trial No.: UMIN000033812.
12 citations
TL;DR: Gymnema sylvestre administration in patients with IGT decreased 2-h oral glucose tolerance test and A1C, increasing insulin sensitivity and improvements in anthropometric measures and the lipid profile.
Abstract: Gymnema sylvestre, a plant typical of India, has long been known for its hypoglycemic effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of G. sylvestre administration on glycemic cont...
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a male Drosophila melanogaster was used as an animal model to explore the possibility that CAO can extend the life span through its relationship with antioxidation, immunity, and gut microbiota in vivo.
Abstract: Carrageenan oligosaccharide (CAO), the hydrolysate of carrageenan from marine red algae, is used as a prebiotic additive or medical material. In this study, male Drosophila melanogaster was used as an animal model to explore the possibility that CAO can extend the life span through its relationship with antioxidation, immunity, and gut microbiota in vivo. The results show that a certain amount of CAO effectively prolonged the average life span and improved the climbing vitality and fecundity of male Drosophila. In addition, 0.125% CAO in the diet significantly increased the activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT), reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and significantly repressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene in old male Drosophila tissues. In the intestinal microbiota analysis, 0.125% CAO in the diet increased the diversity of gut microbiota and improved the abundance of Commensalibacter at the genus level in Drosophila on the 40th day. The above results indicated that CAO supplementation could extend the life span of male Drosophila by improving antioxidant activity, immunity, and by regulating intestinal microflora.
9 citations
TL;DR: The AELPL exhibited a potent cytoprotective effect against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Abstract: We investigate the antioxidant activity and protective effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Pistacia lentiscus (AELPL) against ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid infusion through the rectum in Wistar rats. Phytochemical analyses allowed the identification of numerous phenolic compounds in P. lentiscus leaves such as flavonoids (isoquercetin and luterolin), flavonols (catechin, rutin, and kaempferol), phenolic acids (ellagic and dicaffeoylquinic), and tanins. Acetic acid exposure induced macroscopic colonic mucosal lesions with hemorrhage, congestion, edema, and the development of an expected oxidative stress state revealed by an increase in lipoperoxidation and carbonylation of proteins and a decrease in sulfhydryl (SH) group levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-peroxidase, and glutathione transferase, as well as an increase in the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6, in the colon and plasma. Administration of acetic acid also increased plasma and tissue levels of hydrogen peroxide and rates of iron and free calcium, whereas AELPL significantly and dose-dependently attenuated all the previous biochemical alterations and intracellular mediator perturbations. In conclusion, the AELPL exhibited a potent cytoprotective effect against acetic acid-induced colitis in rats, mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
TL;DR: This study evaluated the antiproliferative potential of myricitrin obtained from Combretum lanceolatum (Combretaceae) against MCF7 (breast), PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), 786-0 (kidney), and HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) cancer cell lines, using the sulforhodamine B and tetrazolium salt assays.
Abstract: Flavonoids—compounds abundant in balanced daily diets—have been extensively investigated for biological activity. The pronounced antiproliferative effects of flavonoids have prompted studies to elu...
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that EM extract successfully reliefs knee OA pain and contributes to daily life functioning and was significant for two of five KOOS category scores.
Abstract: Poor joint health is a significant burden to society. Millions of people suffer from some form of joint-related disorder or disease, most often osteoarthritis (OA). It was hypothesized that chicken...
TL;DR: Daily consumption of a combination of an olive fruit extract and an almond skin extract for 8 weeks seems to protect LDL from oxidation and to prevent inflammatory status in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Abstract: Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olives and polyphenols from almond skin (ASPs) possess cardioprotective properties. This pilot study evaluates the effect of supplementation with a combination of olive fru...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum, and prebiotic, galacto-oligosaccharide, on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice were investigated.
Abstract: Overexposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces photoaging that is characterized by the formation of wrinkles and loss of skin elasticity. To understand the mechanism of action of probiotics and prebiotics in skin protection against photoaging, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the probiotic, Bifidobacterium longum, and prebiotic, galacto-oligosaccharide, on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice. We measured short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, antioxidant enzyme activity, and inflammatory signaling protein levels to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of the dietary supplements B. longum and galacto-oligosaccharide. We observed that dietary supplementation with B. longum and galacto-oligosaccharide, individually and in combination, exerted protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging, showing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In particular, supplementation with the combination of B. longum and galacto-oligosaccharide showed stronger protective effects than supplementation with the probiotic or prebiotic alone. In addition, the serum levels of SCFAs and acetate were increased following dietary supplementation with B. longum and galacto-oligosaccharide, especially in combination. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of B. longum and galacto-oligosaccharide may potentially be used as a functional food to protect UVB-induced photoaging.
TL;DR: Although no intertreatment differences were observed, only B-Turmactive decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels at 1 week, which indicates a prompt analgesic effect mediated by a decrease in inflammatory status.
Abstract: Turmeric extracts (TEs) have been shown to be suitable as a pain treatment for human joint arthritis. In a pilot, randomized clinical trial, 68 individuals with mild/moderate knee joint pain (KJP) consumed a new formulation of water-soluble TEs and insoluble curcuminoids (B-Turmactive®) or brewer's yeast as a placebo for 1 week. Our hypothesis was that B-Turmactive would have a short-term analgesic effect on KJP measured by the self-reported Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). After 3 days and 1 week, both treatments reduced pain when walking on a flat surface (P < .01), going up or down stairs (P < .001), and sitting or lying (P < .05), but only B-Turmactive reduced pain at night while in bed and in an upright standing position (P < .01). Concerning global KJP, it was reduced by both treatments after 3 days and 1 week of the intervention (P < .001), being less with B-Turmactive after 1 week (P = .012 vs. 3 weeks). Although no intertreatment differences were observed, only B-Turmactive decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (P = .045) at 1 week, which indicates a prompt analgesic effect mediated by a decrease in inflammatory status.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that improving the gut microbiota homeostasis is of great importance in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, a metabolic disorder characterized by high lipid levels, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by high lipid levels, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases. Evidence suggests that improving the gut microbiota homeostasis is of great imp...
TL;DR: It is shown that RJ supplementation from the egg hatching stage could protect C. elegans against the infection and mechanistic studies demonstrated that RJ coordinated pathways of IIS/DAF-16, p38 MAPK, and Wnt to modulate the innate immunity.
Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that aging is associated with the deterioration of immunity, a term known as immunosenescence, which may lead to a higher incidence of infections in the elderly population. Our previous studies reported that supplementation of royal jelly (RJ) extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nematode model. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of RJ supplementation on modulation of the innate immunity in C. elegans. Using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus; ATCC 25923) as the infection model, we showed that RJ supplementation from the egg hatching stage could protect C. elegans against the infection. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that RJ coordinated pathways of IIS/DAF-16, p38 MAPK, and Wnt to modulate the innate immunity. In addition, when RJ was administrated to the aged C. elegans, the worms displayed prolonged survival time to a variety of bacterial infections compared with the nontreatment group. This result indicates the RJ may help delay the innate immunosenescence.
TL;DR: Fucoidan possesses various biological activities, such as anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, potential antioxidant, and others as mentioned in this paper, which can be used as a functional food for modulating the gut microbiota and protecting against obesity.
Abstract: Fucoidan possesses various biological activities, such as anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, potential antioxidant, and others. In this study, we investigated the effect of fucoidan on high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and gut microbiota in Institute of Cancer Research mice. Mice were gavaged with 50 mg/(kg·d) (Fuc0.5 group) or 250 mg/(kg·d) (Fuc2.5 group) of fucoidan for 5 weeks. Fucoidan alleviated obesity and tissue damage by decreasing body weight and body mass index, decreasing body weight gain, improved organ index, liver steatosis, and improved the structure of the small intestine. In addition, fucoidan decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, fucoidan reduced serum lipopolysaccharide concentrations, tumor necrosis factor-α, and total bile acid. Furthermore, fucoidan improved the structure of gut microbiota and significantly increased the abundance (Shannon diversity index, evenness, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis for fucoidan as a functional food for modulating the gut microbiota and protecting against obesity.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrated that the flavonoid luteolin (LU) has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malignancy properties, and demonstrated that it has anti-correlated properties.
Abstract: Spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury (SCII) easily causes unalterable neurological deficits. We previously demonstrated that the flavonoid luteolin (LU) has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effectiveness and safety of a curcumin-based nutritional supplement in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was investigated using a controlled retrospective study.
Abstract: To investigate effectiveness and safety of a curcumin-based nutritional supplement in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We conducted a controlled retrospective study, reviewing th...
TL;DR: The PdB fraction is a potential alternative for the control of H. contortus, where allitol and a terpene could be responsible for nematicidal activity.
Abstract: Sheep haemonchosis is a disease that causes anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, low production, and even death of young animals. This represents a negative economic impact on the livestock sector. For d...
TL;DR: Bezafibrate and BBR plus bezAFibrate significantly decreased TG, TC, LDL-C, and VLDL concentrations, and thus, remitting the diagnosis of mixed dyslipidemia in 90% of the patients.
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of berberine (BBR) plus bezafibrate administration on the lipid profile of patients with mixed dyslipidemia. A double-blind randomized pilot clinical trial with parallel grou...
TL;DR: The therapeutic effects of XHT treatment on UC in a DSS-induced mouse model was confirmed and indicated that by increasing expression of epithelial tight junctions and decreasing phosphorylation of Elk-1 might be one of the underlying mechanisms of X HT treatment onUC.
Abstract: Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Xinhuang tablets (XHTs) have been prescribed for several kinds of inflammatory diseases, including UC, whereas its possible underlying molecular mechanisms had never been explored. Mouse model of UC was constructed by DSS treatment and followed by XHT treatment. Disease activity index, histopathological of colonic tissue, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in serum were further assessed. The underlying mechanism was further explored by determination of the expression of epithelial tight junction-related protein. XHT administration ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced clinical symptoms, colonic histological injury, and decreased the circulating levels of TNF-α and SAA. Moreover, XHT treatment significantly increased the protein levels of zona occludens (ZO)-1, whereas decreased the levels of phosphorylation of Elk-1. In conclusion, this study confirmed the therapeutic effects of XHT treatment on UC in a DSS-induced mouse model, and indicated that by increasing expression of epithelial tight junctions and decreasing phosphorylation of Elk-1 might be one of the underlying mechanisms of XHT treatment on UC.
TL;DR: PP exhibited anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects in comparison to HFD controls, and thoracic aorta from treatment groups showed a normal appearance and amelioration of subclinical atherosclerotic changes found in HFD group.
Abstract: The highest causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality are cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that pose a major health concern affecting patients' quality of life. Pomegranate fruit contains unique compounds with various bioactivities and has been used as a powerful medicinal food in various illnesses, including CVD. Several trials confirmed the therapeutic impacts of its edible portion, but trials on pomegranate peel's impacts are fewer. Our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic in vivo effects of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty-eight albino rats were distributed among four groups: I (control), II (on HFD), III (on HFD and PPP 0.5 g/kg BW), and IV (on HFD and 1 g/kg BW). Blood samples were tested for interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and some primary biochemical parameters. HFD induced significant elevations in cholesterol and inflammatory markers as compared with controls. Nevertheless, HDL, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and albumin showed no change in all rats. In both PPP treatment groups, CRP and SAA levels were reduced significantly with significant decrease in TC. Samples of thoracic aorta from treatment groups showed a normal appearance and amelioration of subclinical atherosclerotic changes found in HFD group. PPP exhibited anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects in comparison to HFD controls.
TL;DR: Rhamnus alaternus has been used as a laxative, purgative, diuretic, anti-hypertensive, and depurative agent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae) has been used as a laxative, purgative, diuretic, antihypertensive, and depurative. However, few scientific research studies on its antimelanoma activity have been re...
TL;DR: In this article, the beneficial effects of red ginseng fermented by probiotic bacteria (FRG) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a mouse model were investigated.
Abstract: Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng Meyer) has been reported to have many biologic therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory properties, and ginsenosides are considered as one of the factors responsible for these therapeutic effects. To improve their therapeutic action, probiotic bacteria are used to ferment and chemically transform ginsenosides in red ginseng (RG). In this study, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of RG fermented by probiotic bacteria (FRG) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a mouse model. We induced the mouse model via OVA inhalation; experimental results revealed increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin (IL)-4 levels, leading to Th2-type cytokine response. The mice with induced allergy were then orally administered RG and FRG over 2 weeks, as a result of which, IL-4 and IgE levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal fluid, and serum were found to be ameliorated more effectively by FRG than by RG, suggesting that FRG has better immune regulatory effects than RG. FRG also downregulated immune cell levels, such as those of eosinophils and basophils, and significantly decreased the thickness of OVA-induced respiratory epithelium compared to RG. Collectively, the results showed that FRG treatment alleviates inflammation, thereby extending a protective effect to mice with OVA-induced inflammatory allergic rhinitis.
TL;DR: Pomegranate juice (PJ) has potential positive effects in patients with metabolic disturbances due to a high content of polyphenols as discussed by the authors, and the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a 2-week c...
Abstract: Pomegranate juice (PJ) has potential positive effects in patients with metabolic disturbances due to a high content of polyphenols. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a 2-week c...
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) on the livers of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat/high-fructose diet and H2O2-treated HepG2 cells was evaluated.
Abstract: We evaluated the effect of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) on the livers of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat/high-fructose diet and H2O2-treated HepG2 cells, as ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate whether indigestible foods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fiber, may improve the bowel environment and activity.
Abstract: During constipation, indigestible foods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fiber, may improve the bowel environment and activity. In this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled ...