Journal of Oleo Science 

About: Journal of Oleo Science is an academic journal published by Japan Oil Chemists' Society. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Fatty acid. It has an ISSN identifier of 1345-8957. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 2645 publications have been published receiving 31137 citations. The journal is also known as: JOS & Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society (2001).

Structures, biosynthesis, and functions of gangliosides—An overview

Abstract: Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that are most abundant in the nervous system. Heterogeneity and diversity of the structures in their carbohydrate chains are characteristic hallmarks of these lipids; so far, 188 gangliosides with different carbohydrate structures have been identified in vertebrates. The molecular structural complexity increases manifold if one considers heterogeneity in the lipophilic components. The expression levels and patterns of brain gangliosides are known to change drastically during development. In cells, gangliosides are primarily, but not exclusively, localized in the outer leaflets of plasma membranes and are integral components of cell surface microdomains with sphingomyelin and cholesterol from which they participate in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signal transduction. In this brief review, we discuss the structures, metabolism and functions of gangliosides.

Biodiesel: Source, Production, Composition, Properties and Its Benefits

Abstract: Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non-edible oil) and animal fats, that runs in diesel engines-cars, buses, trucks, construction equipment, boats, generators, and oil home heating units. Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source because it is non toxic, biodegradable & non flammable. Various edible and non edible oils, like rice bran oil, coconut oil, Jatropha curcas, castor oil, cottonseed oil, mahua, karanja which are either surplus and are nonedible type can be used for preparation of biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used either in the pure form or as blends on conventional petrodiesel in automobiles without any major modifications. Its biodegradability makes it eco-friendly. It may lead to a revolutionary transformation of the current economic & energy scenario with an era of economic bloom & prosperity for our society. This review paper describes the production, its properties, composition and future potential of biodiesel.

Microbial Surfactants: A Review

Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced on living surfaces, mostly microbial cell surface or excreted extracellularly and contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, that reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between individual molecules at the surface and interface respectively. Several biosurfactants have high surface activity and low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and are therefore, promising substitutes for synthetic surfactants. The oils and fats derived from plants are used for the manufacture of biosurfactants. A large amount of wastes are generated by oils and fats industries, residual oils, tallow, marine oils, soapstock, frying oils, cassava flour mill effluent. The use of above industrial fatty waste has great potential for growth and transformation. The agro industrial by product acid, whey, olive oil mill effluent, molasses can also be used for biosurfactant production. Biosurfactants have several advantages over the chemical surfactants such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better environmental compatibility, higher foaming, higher selectivity and specific gravity at extreme temperature, pH and salinity and the ability to be synthesized from renewable feedstock. That’s why the demand of biosurfactants are increasing day by day.

Laundry Detergents: An Overview

Abstract: Nowadays laundry detergents are becoming increasingly popular as they can be metered automatically into the washing machine, impart softness, antistaticness, resiliency to fabrics, mild to eyes and skins and shows good dispersibility in water. Because it is consumed when it is used, the sale of laundry detergent is a rather large business. There are many different kinds or brands of laundry detergent sold, many of them claiming some special qualities as selling points. A Laundry detergent composition is a formulated mixture of raw materials that can be classified into different types based on their properties and function in the final product. The different classes of raw materials are surfactants, builders, bleaching agents, enzymes, and minors which remove dirt, stain, and soil from surfaces or textiles gave them pleasant feel and odour. The physico-chemical properties of surfactants make them suitable for laundry purposes. Laundry detergent has traditionally been a powdered or granular solid, but the use of liquid laundry detergents has gradually increased over the years, and these days use of liquid detergent equals or even exceeds use of solid detergent. This review paper describes the history, composition, types, mechanism, consumption, environmental effects and consumption of laundry detergents.

Limonene suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Abstract: The monoterpene D-limonene and its metabolites have been shown to exert chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects against different tumours in animal models and clinical trials. However, it is unknown whether these compounds modulate the inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The present study was therefore designed to elucidate the pharmacological and biological effects of D-limonene on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The results indicate that D-limonene is an effective inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. These inhibitory effects of D-limonene included dose-dependent decreases in the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of D-limonene on other cytokines, we also measured TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 levels in the cell supernatants of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In these assays, D-limonene decreased the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. To assess the suitability of D-limonene for cosmetic applications, we also performed 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays on HaCaT keratinocytes. D-limonene did not display any cytotoxicity in these assays. From these results, we suggest that D-limonene may be considered a potential anti-inflammatory candidate.